JP3200774B2 - Gravel contact purification channel - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a contact purification water channel between gravel, which has a gravel filling layer filled with gravel and the like, and purifies the water by moving the introduced seawater or river water. The present invention relates to a gravel contact purification channel having means for preventing shellfish from adhering to gravel in a bed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in purifying river water of a polluted river, a method of guiding river water mainly to a channel formed on a riverbed and returning purified water to the river by utilizing the self-cleaning ability of the channel has become widespread. I am doing it. The waterway has a gravel filling layer formed by filling gravel. The gravel-filled layer has a multiplicity of attached biofilms, which enhances the purification ability of the attached biofilms formed on the gravel, greatly increases the chances of contact with suspended suspensions, sedimentation, etc. The purpose is to increase the removal efficiency and to secure a space for retaining the captured suspension. Further, the river water purification method is also applied to the purification of lakes and marshes and the ocean, and research on more effective utilization methods is being pursued.

In the above-mentioned water channel, measures against clogging between the gravels in the gravel packed layer due to the growth of trapped suspended matter and attached organisms pose a problem in maintaining the purification ability. Normal biofilms such as micro-plants formed between gravel are caused by the action of shear force generated when the released air rises in the water by releasing air into the water from the air diffuser installed under the gravel layer. Is relatively easily peeled.

[0004]

However, among the above-mentioned waterways, those applied to the ocean, in particular, serve as a breeding site for adherent shellfish such as mussels and barnacles in the gravel-filled layer. There is a concern that the purification ability of the gravel-packed layer may be reduced by clogging, but it is difficult to remove the shellfish by air release from the air diffuser, and of course, the shellfish is also peeled off by washing with water. Is almost impossible. By the way, as a method for preventing shellfish from adhering to the surface of a structure installed in the ocean, there are a method of forming a high-speed water flow on the surface of the structure, a warm water treatment for temporarily keeping the water temperature at a high temperature, and the like. The method cannot be applied to the purification channel using the inter-gravel contact as described above for the following reasons. That is, the method for forming the high-speed water flow is such that the normal operating water flow velocity at which the gravel packed bed effectively functions is 0.1 to 1.0 cm.
/ Sec, there is a problem that the water flow rate effective for preventing the adhesion of shellfish is extremely large at 100 cm / sec, and the action of contact, sedimentation, and biodegradation in the gravel packed bed does not work effectively. Further, the hot water treatment kills shellfish by maintaining the water temperature at 40 ° C. or higher, but not only attached shellfish but also attached organisms that attach to the surface of gravel and form attached biofilms are killed. However, there is a problem that the purification capacity of the gravel packed bed is significantly reduced.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is not only possible to remove algae and suspended suspended matter from water in a layer filled with gravel, but also to prevent shellfish from adhering to gravel. It is an object of the present invention to provide a contact purification water channel between gravel which can maintain the purification ability of a gravel packed bed.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a non-aeration area is provided in an upstream portion of the gravel packed bed, and an oxygen supply means is attached to a lower portion downstream of the non-aeration area. A contact purification water channel between gravel, which is characterized by providing the above, is a means for solving the above-mentioned problem. In the invention according to claim 2, the inter-gravel contact purification water channel according to claim 1,
Attachment / detachment means is attached to at least a part of the gravel to be filled in the gravel filling layer to make it detachable from / to the gravel contact purification water channel. . According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the inter-gravel contact purification water channel according to any one of the first to second aspects, wherein at least a part of the gravel constituting the gravel packed bed is made of plastic or the like and has a specific gravity of 1 or more. A contact purification water channel between gravel, which has been replaced with artificial gravel before and after, is used as a means for solving the above problem. In the invention according to claim 4, the inter-gravel contact purification water channel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a sediment for sedimenting a suspended suspension or the like in water downstream of the aeration area. A contact purification water channel between pebbles characterized by providing an area is a means for solving the above-mentioned problem.

[0007]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the juveniles of shellfish in water are killed by lack of dissolved oxygen in the non-aerated area, and the propagation of shellfish on the gravel-filled layer downstream from the non-aerated area is prevented. . According to the second aspect of the present invention, the gravel to which the shellfish has adhered is taken out of the water channel and replaced with a new one, so that the water purification capacity of the gravel packed layer can be favorably maintained. According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the artificial gravel has a specific gravity of about 1, it can be stably installed in a waterway, and can be easily attached to and detached from the waterway because the specific gravity is smaller than that of ordinary rock. is there. Further, if the artificial gravel is formed of a material to which the shellfish is not easily adhered, the adhesion of the shellfish is prevented and the exchange cycle of the artificial gravel is extended. According to the invention of claim 4, the dissolved oxygen in the water is reduced in the non-aerated area to kill the larvae of the shellfish, and in the aerated area, the soluble organic matter and the buoyant suspension are suspended by the action of the biofilm on the surface of the gravel. Decompose or trap the matter and stabilize, without stirring, the treated water in the settling zone without agitation to precipitate any suspended suspension remaining in the water.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a gravure contact purification channel of the present embodiment for purifying seawater, 2 denotes a gravel packed layer, 3 denotes a non-aerated area, 4 denotes an aerated area, 5 denotes a sedimentation area, and 6a denotes first gravel cleaning air. A supply blower (bubble supply means), 6b is a second dissolved oxygen supply blower (oxygen supply means), 7 is a sewage pit into which water to be purified is introduced, and 8 is purified water for storing treated water. The pit 9 is a net basket (attachment / detachment means) for making the gravel detachable from the gravel filling layer 2.

[0009] As shown in FIG.
Is composed of a gravel-filled layer 2, a sewage pit 7 adjacent to the upstream side of the gravel-filled layer 2, and a water purification pit 8 adjacent to the downstream side (right side in FIG. 1) of the gravel-filled layer 2. The gravel-filled layer 2 includes a non-aerated region 3, an aerated region 4, and a settling region 5. The non-aerated area 3 includes the uppermost stream portion and the non-aerated area 3.
The partition plate 10 is provided at a position where the partition plate 10 is divided into three equal parts in the water flow direction.
, And three sections of the downstream area 3c. Partition plate 10
Is a plate-shaped member made of a corrosion-resistant material and formed in a porous or net-like shape, and has a high water permeability such that unnecessary water does not stay in the non-aeration area 3. The mesh basket 9 made of a corrosion-resistant material is inserted into the upstream layer 3a located at the uppermost stream of the non-aeration area 3 and the middle layer 3b located at the center of the non-aeration area 3 partitioned by the partition plate 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the net basket 9 has a cubic shape with an open top, and is filled with gravel 11 to be filled in the non-aerated region 3. In addition, since the wire basket 9 has the wire 12 attached to the upper portion thereof and can be easily suspended from the upstream region 3a and the middle region 3b, the upstream region 3a and the middle region 3b
It is easy to attach / detach to the upstream area 3 by replacing the net basket 9 with a new one when the shellfish adheres.
a, it is possible to easily maintain the purification ability of the middle flow region 3b. The downstream area 3c located at the most downstream of the non-aeration area 3 is filled with the gravel 11 directly charged without passing through the net basket 9. The aeration area 4 and the sedimentation area 5 are directly in the non-aeration area 3 like the downstream area 3c.
1 is filled. A powerful first gravel cleaning air supply blower 6a that blows out air (bubbles) from the air diffuser 6c installed at the lower bottom to clean the gravel material is attached to the downstream region 3c, the aeration region 4 and the sedimentation region 5. Have been.
The air diffusion tube 6c is a long member extending in the length direction at the lower bottom of the downstream region 3c, the aeration region 4 and the sedimentation region 5, and extends in the width direction of the downstream region 3c, the aeration region 4 and the sedimentation region 5. There are multiple installations. The second dissolved oxygen supply blower 6b has substantially the same configuration as the first dissolved oxygen supply blower 6a, and has a configuration similar to that of the first dissolved oxygen supply blower 6a.
This is an apparatus that exhibits an aeration ability that is not as strong as a, and in which the air diffuser 6c is arranged only at the lower bottom of the aeration area 4. At the lower bottom of the downstream region 3c, the aeration region 4 and the sedimentation region 5 of the non-aeration region 3, a drainage for discharging the biofilm detached in the downstream region 3c, the aeration region 4 and the sedimentation region 5, and the suspended solids and the like. A mud device 13 is attached. Sludge removal device 13
Is opened at the lower portion of the downstream region 3c of the non-aeration region 3, the aeration region 4 and the sedimentation region 5, so that the sediment precipitated in this region is sucked and discharged to the outside. The gravel 11 may be an artificial gravel 14 made of plastic or the like instead of the natural gravel 11. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the artificial gravel 14 is used for the net 9 or the downstream region 3.
c, any form may be used as long as sufficient water permeability is maintained by filling the aeration area 4 and the precipitation area 5. The artificial gravels 14 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are both formed in a cylindrical shape, and mainly secure a space through which water passes. FIGS. 5 and 6 are both formed in a curved plate shape to secure a surface area for mainly absorbing algae and the like. The artificial gravel 14 is formed in a water-absorptive and well-drained form, whereby the lifting load is reduced when the artificial gravel 14 is lifted from the non-aerated area 3, thereby facilitating the work of exchanging gravel. Also, the artificial gravel 14
When the specific gravity is set to be about 1, ease of lifting work is secured as compared with the natural gravel 11, and the installation state is stable without floating on the non-aeration area 3 at the time of installation.

The operation of the embodiment will be described below. The rubble contact purification water channel 1 treats and purifies the sewage introduced into the sewage pit 7 in the following order. First, the water introduced into the sewage pit 7 passes through the partition plate 10 and flows into the upstream area 3a. The upstream region 3a and the midstream region 3b cause algae or a suspended suspension to adhere to or settle on the pebbles 11 filled therein, and also kill the attached shellfish to prevent propagation on the downstream. That is, since the upstream region 3a and the middle flow region 3b do not have the first blower 6a for supplying air for washing gravel, the second blower 6b for supplying dissolved oxygen, and other supply sources of dissolved oxygen, the underwater organisms are not provided. Consumes oxygen and the dissolved oxygen in the water decreases. As shown in FIG. 7, the dissolved oxygen in the water is almost zero in the most downstream portion of the middle flow region 3b. As a result, the non-aerated area 3
By the time the sewage reaches the downstream region 3c, the shellfish are killed until they reach the larva that moves in the water flow, and as shown in FIG. 8, the reproduction of the shellfish downstream of the downstream region 3c is prevented.

The sewage which has been treated in the non-aeration area 3 flows into the aeration area 4. The aeration area 4 supplies dissolved oxygen by the second dissolved oxygen supply blower 6b, so that the dissolved oxygen in the water is rapidly increased to promote the propagation of organisms living on the surface of the gravel 11. The aeration area 4 promotes and reduces the growth of aerobic organisms that are particularly excellent in the resolution of water-soluble organic matter, nutrients, nitrogen, and the like.

The sedimentation zone 5 allows the water, which has been treated in the aeration zone 4 to flow in, to flow gently to completely settle suspended matter in the water. The sedimentation area 5 is a non-aerated area, but non-aerobic organisms inhabiting the surface of the gravels 11 breed to form a biofilm. Although not as large as the aeration area 4, biodegradation of pollutants in the gravels 11 is performed. And so on.

Therefore, according to the inter-gravel contact purification water channel 1 of the present embodiment, not only can the algae and the suspended suspended matter in the water be efficiently removed, but also the non-aerated area 3 kills the shellfish, Since the propagation of shellfish downstream of the gravelly packed bed 2 can be prevented and the excellent purification ability of the gravelly packed bed 2 can be maintained, the demand is improved.

[0014]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a non-aeration area is provided in an upstream portion of the gravel packed bed, and an oxygen supply means is provided in a lower portion downstream of the non-aeration area. The purifying water channel between gravel, which is characterized by providing an aeration area consisting of the following, was used as a means for solving the above-mentioned problem, so that algae and suspended suspended matter in water can be efficiently removed. Can kill shellfish and prevent shellfish from breeding downstream of the gravel-filled bed, maintaining the excellent purification capacity of the gravel-packed layer, and increasing its demand.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the inter-gravel contact purification water channel according to the first aspect, wherein detachable means is attached to at least a part of the gravel to be filled in the gravel filling layer. The contact purification water channel between gravel is characterized in that it is detachable from the inter-contact purification water channel, so that the effect of the invention according to claim 1 is of course exerted, and the shellfish adheres. Exchange of gravel is easy, and gravel filling layer 2
To make it easier to ensure the purification capacity of the plant.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the inter-gravel contact purification water channel according to any one of the first or second aspects, at least a part of the gravel constituting the gravel filling layer is made of plastic. Since the contact purification water channel between gravel is characterized by having been replaced with artificial gravel having a specific gravity of about 1 by means of the above, the effect of the invention according to any one of claims 1 and 2 is achieved. Needless to say, as in the case of the second aspect of the present invention, the work of exchanging gravel is easy and can be stably installed in the non-aerated area.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the inter-gravel contact purification water channel according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a suspended suspension or the like in water is provided downstream of the aeration area. Since the contact purification water channel between gravel is characterized by providing a sedimentation region for sedimentation, the effect of the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is, of course, achieved. Floating suspensions and the like can be almost completely settled and removed, and a higher purification ability can be exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a net basket.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of forming artificial gravel.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of forming artificial gravel.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another example of forming artificial gravel.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another example of forming artificial gravel.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the channel length of the gravel packed bed and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the length of a channel of a gravel-filled layer and the amount of shellfish attached to gravel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gravel contact purification water channel 2 Gravel filling layer 3 Non-aeration area 4 Aeration area 5 Sedimentation area 6a First dissolved oxygen supply blower 6b Second dissolved oxygen supply blower 9 Net basket 11 Gravel 14 Artificial gravel

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C02F 3/06 C02F 3/10 C02F 1/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] Claims: 1. A gravel-contact purification channel having a gravel-filled layer filled with gravel or the like and purifying by moving introduced seawater or river water, wherein the upstream portion of the gravel-filled layer is not aerated. An aeration area provided with an area and an aeration area provided with an oxygen supply means at a lower portion downstream of the non-aeration area. 2. The inter-gravel contact purification water channel according to claim 1, wherein an attachment / detachment means is attached to at least a part of the gravel to be filled in the gravel filling layer and is detachable from the inter-gravel contact purification water channel. A contact purification water channel between gravel. 3. The artificial gravel having a specific gravity of about 1 made of plastic or the like, wherein at least a part of the gravel constituting the gravel filling layer is made of plastic or the like. A gravel contact purification channel characterized by having been replaced with: 4. The gravel-contact purification water channel according to claim 1, wherein a sedimentation area for sedimenting a suspended suspension or the like in water is provided downstream of the aeration area. A contact purification water channel between gravel.