JP3197032U - Survey head - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a pan head for surveying that can be used when performing photogrammetry with high accuracy without providing a known point or the like. A surveying pan head 1 fixed on a leveling table M, for adjusting the tilt of a photographing device fixed to the surveying pan head and aligning the optical axis of the photographing device in a horizontal direction. An adjustment mechanism and an inclinometer C for obtaining the inclination of the photographing apparatus are mounted, and a correction mechanism for correcting the inclination of the inclinometer with respect to the optical axis of the photographing apparatus is provided. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to a pan head for surveying.

  There is a photogrammetry method in which a region to be surveyed is photographed with a photographing device such as a camera, and the geometric characteristics of the region are obtained from the obtained photographic image.

  In such a surveying method, a system is used in which a tripod is provided with a pan head and a camera is fixed to the pan head. At this time, the operation of keeping the camera horizontal with respect to the ground and the operation of adjusting the tilt of the camera with respect to the horizontal direction are not performed. Instead, the accuracy of surveying is maintained by placing a plurality of known points (measurements) whose position coordinates are fixed in the target region and analyzing a photographic image obtained by photographing the known points.

JP2013-124954A

  However, the work of arranging a plurality of known points in advance in a target area is complicated. There are also target areas where it is difficult to place known points, such as cliffs across the river. Furthermore, in the field of photogrammetry, the same accuracy as surveying equipment is required. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain sufficient accuracy only by adjusting the tilt of the camera with a tilt mechanism mounted on a commercially available camera.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a surveying head that can be used when performing high-precision photogrammetry without providing a known point or the like.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a surveying pan head according to claim 1 is a surveying pan head fixed on a leveling base, and adjusts an inclination of a photographing apparatus fixed to the surveying pan head. And an adjustment mechanism for aligning the optical axis of the photographing apparatus in a horizontal direction and an inclinometer for obtaining the inclination of the photographing apparatus are mounted, and for correcting the inclination of the inclinometer with respect to the optical axis of the photographing apparatus. And a correction mechanism.
In order to solve the above problem, a surveying pan head according to claim 2 is the surveying pan head according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment mechanism adjusts an inclination of the photographing apparatus. 1 adjustment mechanism and a second adjustment mechanism for performing fine adjustment of the inclination adjusted by the first adjustment mechanism.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the surveying pan head described in claim 3 is the surveying pan head described in claim 2, and the second adjustment mechanism adjusts the inclination of the photographing apparatus. A movable member and a pair of adjustment screws that sandwich and fix the movable member from both sides, and finely adjust the inclination of the photographing device by changing the fixing position of the movable member by loosening the adjustment screw I do.
Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, the head for surveying of Claim 4 is a head for surveying as described in any one of Claims 1-3, Comprising: The said head for surveying is a main body. And a top plate fixed to the upper surface of the main body, and the photographing device and the correction mechanism are placed on the top plate.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a surveying pan head according to claim 5 is a surveying pan head according to claim 4, wherein the correction mechanism has a spherical shape provided on the bottom surface of the correction mechanism. A projection portion and three adjustment members for adjusting the inclination of the correction mechanism with respect to the top plate; and the top plate has a holding hole for rotatably holding the projection portion.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a surveying pan head according to claim 6 is a surveying pan head according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the top plate is not fixed on the upper surface of the main body. A hole is formed at the location, and power can be supplied to the imaging apparatus through the hole in a state where the imaging apparatus is fixed to the top plate.
Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, the pan head for surveying of Claim 7 is a pan head for surveying as described in any one of Claims 4-6, Comprising: The said main-body part is 1st. A first operating shaft body for fixing the second frame body to the first frame body, and a first operating shaft body for fixing the second frame body to the first frame body; A second operation shaft body for moving the second frame body is provided, and the shape of the grip portion of the first operation shaft body is different from the shape of the grip portion of the second operation shaft body.

  According to the surveying pan head of the present invention, the optical axis of the photographing apparatus and the tilt of the inclinometer can be matched (the inclinometer can be calibrated) while keeping the pan head horizontal with respect to the ground. Therefore, it is possible to perform photogrammetry with high accuracy without providing an index serving as a reference such as a known point in the measurement target area.

It is a perspective view which shows the pan head for surveying which concerns on embodiment. It is a top view which shows the pan head for surveying based on embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the pan head for surveying which concerns on embodiment. It is a right view which shows the pan head for surveying based on embodiment. It is sectional drawing to which the inclinometer vicinity shown in FIG. 3 was expanded.

  A survey head 1 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the following explanation, the vertical direction of the surveying pan head 1 is “up and down direction”, the longitudinal direction of the survey pan head 1 is “left and right direction”, and the short direction of the survey pan head 1 is “front and rear”. Direction. FIG. 3 shows an AA cross section in FIG. The broken line part (except for the one-dot chain line) in FIG. 4 indicates that the part is a perspective view.

[Shooting device]
The photographing device DC is a device for photographing a subject (target area to be surveyed). The photographing apparatus DC is fixed to the surveying platform 1 (top plate 70). At this time, the front side (lens surface) of the photographing apparatus DC is fixed so as to face the front direction of the surveying pan head 1 (see FIGS. 2 and 4). The subject is a predetermined outdoor area such as a cliff or a river.

  A commercially available digital camera can be used as the photographing apparatus DC. Some commercially available digital cameras have functions that can calculate and adjust the angle and position of the camera itself, such as a tilt adjustment mechanism and a GPS function, but the digital camera used in this embodiment is It is only necessary to have a photographing function (optical function). The photographing apparatus DC is supplied with power through a terminal connected to a battery or an external power source.

[Leveling table]
The leveling table M is fixed to a tripod or the like and used to adjust the level with respect to the ground. By performing such adjustment, the leveling table M becomes horizontal with respect to the ground. As the leveling table M, a commercially available apparatus can be used.

  A surveying pan head 1 is fixed on the leveling table M (see FIG. 1). That is, the surveying pan head 1 fixed on the leveling table M that is horizontal to the ground is also kept horizontal to the ground.

[Inclinometer]
The inclinometer C is a device for determining the inclination with respect to the horizontal direction. The inclinometer C in the present embodiment is placed on the surveying platform 1 and is used for obtaining the inclination of the photographing apparatus DC. A commercially available apparatus can be used for the inclinometer C.

[Survey pan head]
The surveying platform 1 according to the present embodiment is fixed on a leveling table M. The surveying platform 1 includes a base unit 10, a first frame body 20, a second frame body 30, a movable member 40, a first operation shaft body 50, a second operation shaft body 60, and a top plate 70. including.

(Base)
The base 10 is a substantially cylindrical portion that connects the surveying platform 1 and the leveling platform M. A plurality of protrusions 10a are provided on the bottom surface of the base 10 (see FIG. 3). The leveling table M is provided with a recess (not shown) corresponding to the protrusion 10a. By inserting the projection 10a into the recess of the leveling table M, the base unit 10 (surveying platform 1) can be fixed to the leveling table M (FIG. 1 shows the surveying platform 1 as the leveling platform M). Shows a fixed example).

  The base unit 10 includes a columnar member 11 and a cylindrical member 12.

  The column member 11 is rotatably inserted into the cylindrical member 12. The upper surface of the columnar member 11 is formed in a disk shape having a larger diameter than the portion inserted into the cylindrical member 12. A male screw portion 11 a that is screwed into the female screw hole 20 a of the first frame body 20 is provided at substantially the center of the upper surface of the cylindrical member 11.

  The cylindrical member 12 is provided with a female screw hole 12a that communicates the outside and inside of the cylinder. The cylindrical member 11 can be fixed to the cylindrical member 12 by screwing the male screw 12b into the female screw hole 12a and tightening it with the cylindrical member 12 inserted. Conversely, the columnar member 11 can be rotated with respect to the cylindrical member 12 by loosening the male screw 12b. That is, since the first frame 20 is fixed to the upper surface of the column member 11, the first frame 20 (the second frame connected to the first frame 20 is rotated by rotating the column member 11). The body 30, the movable member 40, and the top plate 50) can be rotated in the horizontal direction.

(First frame)
The first frame 20 has a horizontal main surface 21 placed on the upper surface of the base 10 and a right vertical surface 22 located near the end of the horizontal main surface 21 in the longitudinal direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1 and the like). , And the left vertical surface 23. The right vertical surface 22 extends in the vertical direction with respect to the horizontal main surface 21, and the left vertical surface 23 extends only in the upward direction with respect to the horizontal main surface 21. A shaft hole 22a and a shaft hole 23a are formed in the vicinity of the upper ends of the right standing surface 22 and the left standing surface 23, respectively. Further, the horizontal main surface 21 is formed with a female screw hole 20a, and the first frame body 20 with respect to the base portion 10 is obtained by screwing and tightening the male screw portion 11a of the base portion 10. Is fixed.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the front-rear direction of the lower end of the right upright surface 22, a pair of protrusions 24 having female screw holes 24 a penetrating in the front-rear direction are provided with the movable member 40 interposed therebetween. A male screw 24b is screwed into the female screw hole 24a.

(Second frame)
The second frame 30 is formed by a horizontal main surface 31 and a right vertical surface 32 and a left vertical surface 33 located in the vicinity of the end of the horizontal main surface 31 in the longitudinal direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1 and the like). . The right upstanding surface 32 and the left upstanding surface 33 extend only downward in the horizontal main surface 31. A shaft hole 22a and a shaft hole 33a corresponding to the shaft hole 23a of the first frame 20 are formed in the vicinity of the lower ends of the right standing surface 32 and the left standing surface 33, respectively. The horizontal main surface 31 is formed with a hole 31a for inserting a screw X for fixing the imaging device DC. The first frame body 20 and the second frame body 30 constitute a “main body”.

  A hole 34 is formed in a part of the horizontal main surface 31 (a place where the top plate 70 is not fixed). In a state where the imaging device DC is fixed to the top plate 70 (FIG. 3), the user can replace the battery of the imaging device DC or connect to an external power source through the hole 34. Therefore, for example, it is not necessary to remove the photographing apparatus DC from the surveying platform 1 every time the battery is replaced. That is, it is not necessary to align the optical axis of the photographing apparatus DC each time.

  The rotating shaft member 100a is inserted into the shaft hole 22a of the first frame 20, the shaft hole 32a of the second frame 30, and the shaft hole 40a (described later) of the movable member 40. The rotating shaft member 100b is inserted into the shaft hole 23a of the first frame 20 and the shaft hole 33a of the second frame 30 (see FIG. 3 and the like). In this state, the first frame body 20 and the second frame body 30 are not fixed. Therefore, the inclination (inclination in the depression direction) of the second frame 30 with respect to the first frame 20 can be freely adjusted.

(Movable member)
The movable member 40 is a member provided on the side surface of the right vertical surface 22 of the first frame body 20. The movable member 40 has a base end portion 41 having a shaft hole 40a formed on the front surface thereof, and an elongated pendulum portion 42 that is movable in the front-rear direction around the center of the shaft hole 40a (rotary shaft member 100a) (see FIG. 4). The shaft hole 40a corresponds to the shaft hole 22a and the shaft hole 32a. The pendulum part 42 can move in the front-rear direction between the pair of protrusions 24, and its position is fixed by tightening the male screw 24b. And the fixing position of the movable member 40 can be changed by tightening and loosening the male screw 24b.

  A female screw hole 40b communicating with the shaft hole 40a is formed on the side surface of the base end portion 41 (see FIG. 4). The female screw hole 40 b is screwed with a screw portion 52 (described later) of the first operation shaft body 50.

(First operation shaft)
The first operating shaft body 50 includes a grip 51 that a user grips, a screw 52 formed with a male screw, and an elongated shaft 53 that is positioned between the grip 51 and the screw 52. including.

  The grip 51 is formed in a prismatic shape so that the user can easily operate to tighten and loosen the screw 52. The second frame 30 can be fixed to the first frame 20 by screwing the screw portion 52 of the first operation shaft body 50 into the female screw hole 40 b of the movable member 40 and tightening.

(Second operation shaft)
The second operation shaft body 60 includes a grip portion 61 that is gripped by the user, and an elongated shaft portion 62 that is connected to the grip portion 61 at one end and fixed to the top plate 70 at the other end. The gripping part 61 has a spherical shape so that the user can easily operate it.

  When the second frame 30 is not fixed to the first frame 20, the second frame is operated with respect to the first frame 20 by operating the second operation shaft body 60. 30 (top plate 70) can be moved (tilted in the depression direction).

  It should be noted that by making the shape of the grip portion 51 and the shape of the grip portion 61 different, which one should be operated by the user (for example, when the top plate 70 is tilted, the second operation shaft body 60 should be operated easily).

(Top board)
The top plate 70 is a plate-like member that is fixed to the upper surface (the horizontal main surface 31) of the second frame 30. A part of the top plate 70 extends from the second frame 30, and a connecting portion 71 for connecting the second operating shaft body 60 is formed on the lower surface of the extended portion (see FIG. 3).

  A hole 70 a is formed in the top plate 70 at a position corresponding to the hole 31 a of the second frame 30. The screw X is inserted into the hole 31a and the hole 70a, and screwed into the photographing device DC and tightened to fix the photographing device DC to the top plate 70 (surveying platform 1).

  In addition, the inclinometer C is placed on the top plate 70 via the holding plate 80. The holding plate 80 is a plate-like member, and has a spherical protrusion 81 on the surface facing the top plate 70 (the bottom surface of the holding plate 80) (see FIG. 5). A holding hole 72 for rotatably holding the protrusion 81 is provided in a portion corresponding to the protrusion 81 of the top plate 70.

  In this embodiment, one side (front side) of the holding plate 80 is fixed to the top plate 70, but the other three sides are not fixed. On each of the three sides, adjustment screws 80a to 80c (adjustment members) that are screwed onto the top plate 70 are provided (see FIG. 2).

  The inclination of the holding plate 80 with respect to the top plate 70 (that is, the inclination of the inclinometer C) can be adjusted by tightening the adjustment screws 80a to 80c in a state where the protrusion 81 is held in the holding hole 72. it can.

[Usage example of pan head]
Next, a usage example of the surveying pan head 1 according to the present embodiment will be described.

  First, the leveling table M on which the surveying platform 1 is placed is fixed on a tripod (not shown), and the leveling table M takes a level on the ground on which the tripod is set. That is, this operation maintains the level of the surveying platform 1 with respect to the ground.

  Next, the photographing apparatus DC is fixed on the top plate 70 of the surveying platform 1. At this time, the optical axis of the imaging apparatus DC may deviate from the adjusted horizontal direction due to the influence of the bottom surface shape of the imaging apparatus DC or the like.

  Therefore, the user operates the first operating shaft body 50 to loosen the screw portion 52 and releases the fixation of the first frame body 20 and the second frame body 30. Then, the user operates the second operation shaft body 60 to roughly adjust the horizontal direction and the optical axis of the photographing apparatus DC. After the rough adjustment is completed, the user operates the first operating shaft body 50 to tighten the screw portion 52 and fix the second frame body 30 to the first frame body 20. Thus, the first operation shaft body 50, the second operation shaft body 60, the first frame body 20, and the second frame body 30 are “first adjustments” for adjusting the inclination of the imaging apparatus DC. "Mechanism".

  Further, the user moves the movable member 40 finely by tightening or loosening the two male screws 24b. In this case, since the second frame 30 and the movable member 40 move integrally with respect to the first frame 20, the inclination of the first frame 20 can be finely adjusted. That is, the male screw 24b and the movable member 40 constitute a “second adjustment mechanism” for performing fine adjustment of the inclination adjusted by the first adjustment mechanism.

  Thus, when the inclination of the first frame 20 is adjusted, the optical axis of the imaging device DC can be aligned in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, since the horizontal position of the surveying pan head 1 is changed by this operation, it is necessary to adjust the inclination of the inclinometer C.

  Therefore, the user adjusts the inclination of the inclinometer C to be zero by tightening the adjustment screws 80a to 80c (by correcting the inclination of the inclinometer C with respect to the optical axis of the photographing apparatus DC, Calibrate inclinometer C). The value of the tilt of the inclinometer C is displayed on, for example, a personal computer that can communicate with the inclinometer C by wire or wireless. The user adjusts the inclination of the inclinometer C to 0 while confirming this value. That is, the holding plate 80, the adjusting screws 80a to 80c, and the protrusion 81 constitute a “correction mechanism”. Note that correction processing may be performed so that the inclination becomes zero on the personal computer side.

  As described above, according to the survey head 1 according to the present embodiment, the optical axis of the photographing apparatus DC and the value of the inclinometer C can be matched with the pan head kept horizontal with respect to the ground (inclination). Calibration of total C is possible). Therefore, by using the surveying pan head 1, it is possible to perform highly accurate photogrammetry without providing a reference index such as a known point in the survey target area.

  The above embodiment is presented as an example, and does not limit the scope of the invention. For example, the pan head for surveying according to the present invention only needs to be able to match the optical axis of the photographing apparatus and the tilt of the inclinometer (tilt meter calibration) while keeping the pan head level with respect to the ground. Therefore, the specific configuration (for example, the configuration of the main body) is not limited to the above example, and any configuration can be adopted. The above-described configurations can be implemented in appropriate combination, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Those embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims of the utility model registration and the equivalent scope thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Surveying platform 10 Base part 20 1st frame 30 2nd frame 40 Movable member 50 1st operation shaft body 60 2nd operation shaft body 70 Top plate C Inclinometer DC imaging device M Leveling Stand

Claims (7)

A surveying head fixed on a leveling table,
An adjustment mechanism for adjusting the tilt of the photographing device fixed to the pan head for surveying and aligning the optical axis of the photographing device in the horizontal direction;
An inclinometer for obtaining the inclination of the photographing apparatus is mounted, and a correction mechanism for correcting the inclination of the inclinometer with respect to the optical axis of the photographing apparatus;
A pan head for surveying, characterized by comprising: The adjustment mechanism is
A first adjustment mechanism for adjusting the tilt of the photographing device;
A second adjustment mechanism for performing fine adjustment of the inclination adjusted by the first adjustment mechanism;
The survey head according to claim 1, wherein: The second adjustment mechanism includes:
A movable member for adjusting the inclination of the photographing device;
A pair of adjustment screws for sandwiching and fixing the movable member from both sides;
Have
3. The survey head according to claim 2, wherein the tilt of the photographing apparatus is finely adjusted by tightening and loosening the adjustment screw and changing a fixed position of the movable member. The survey head is
The main body,
A top plate fixed to the upper surface of the main body,
The pan head for surveying according to claim 1, wherein the photographing device and the correction mechanism are placed on the top plate. The correction mechanism is
A spherical protrusion provided on the bottom surface of the correction mechanism;
Three adjustment members for adjusting the inclination of the correction mechanism with respect to the top plate;
Have
The surveying platform according to claim 4, wherein the top plate has a holding hole that rotatably holds the protrusion. A hole is formed in the upper surface of the main body portion where the top plate is not fixed,
6. The surveying platform according to claim 4, wherein power can be supplied to the imaging device through the hole in a state where the imaging device is fixed to the top plate. The main body has a first frame and a second frame,
A first operating shaft for fixing the second frame to the first frame;
A second operating shaft for moving the second frame relative to the first frame;
The survey cloud according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein a shape of the grip portion of the first operation shaft body is different from a shape of the grip portion of the second operation shaft body. Stand.

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