JP3190490U - Daylighting window - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a daylighting window using a transparent fluororesin film having a heat ray blocking function without impairing the inherent high transparency, mechanical properties, weather resistance and other characteristics of a fluororesin. SOLUTION: The heat ray blocking plastic film is composed of a window frame 1 and a heat ray blocking plastic film 4 stretched on an opening of the window frame, and the heat ray blocking plastic film is a fluororesin film containing heat ray blocking metal oxide particles. Further, the heat ray-blocking metal oxide particles are indium tin oxide particles. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a daylighting window having excellent heat ray blocking properties. Specifically, the present invention relates to a daylighting window using a fluororesin film having excellent heat ray blocking properties and transparency.

  In general, a glass window is used for a daylighting window used in a house or the like, and it is excellent in light transmittance. On the other hand, infrared light (heat rays) is also transmitted with high transmittance, resulting in an increase in indoor temperature. In order to solve this problem, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a heat ray blocking window glass in which an existing glass window is provided with a transparent heat ray reflecting sheet as a method for improving the heat insulation of the glass window.

JP 2010-243981 A

  The glass window outer film of Patent Document 1 is a transparent heat ray reflective sheet made of a metal lattice made of a reflective material arranged at equal intervals in a two-dimensional lattice pattern on a base film, but the infrared ray shielding effect is Although excellent, the transparency is insufficient and the indoor temperature due to the transmission of sunlight is suppressed, but the transparency that is characteristic of the glass window is impaired, the daytime indoor lighting is made unnecessary by taking in outside light, and further There are problems such as the provision of a natural color appearance of indoor exhibits by natural light and the effect of opening feeling by viewing the sky from inside.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by proposing a daylighting window having both transparency, daylighting property and heat ray blocking property. Specifically, the present invention provides a fluororesin film having mechanical properties, transparency, weather resistance and the like. The present invention proposes a daylighting window in which a transparent heat ray-blocking fluororesin film is used instead of a glass plate while maintaining the characteristics and having excellent heat ray-blocking properties. The heat ray blocking property referred to in the present invention is a general term for functionality that reflects or absorbs all or part of light rays generally classified as infrared rays and does not completely or partially transmit light rays.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.
(I) a daylighting window comprising a window frame fixed to the wall surface and a heat ray-blocking plastic film stretched on the opening of the window frame;
(Ii) The daylighting window according to claim 1, wherein the heat ray blocking plastic film is a fluororesin film containing heat ray blocking metal oxide particles,
(Iii) The daylighting window according to claim 2, wherein the metal oxide particles are indium tin oxide particles.
(Vi) The daylighting window according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the fluororesin film has a film thickness of 10 to 500 µm.
It is what.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a daylighting window made of a heat ray-shielding fluororesin film that suppresses the transmittance of harmful rays without impairing properties such as transparency, mechanical properties, and weather resistance. It also suppresses the indoor temperature due to the transmission of sunlight, but it can capture visible light, eliminates the need for daytime indoor lighting, provides a natural color view of indoor exhibits using natural light, and provides a clear sky from indoors. It has the advantage of producing a feeling of openness due to the visible. Furthermore, in comparison with a normal glass window, it has a light weight, is hard to break, and can be freely designed in a window shape.

It is an example of the lighting window by this invention, (1) is obtained by extending | stretching the film | membrane of a single film on the frame of a lighting window. (2) is a cross-sectional view of the window, using a single film. (1) is an example of a daylighting window obtained by stretching a film twice inside and outside the daylighting window. (2) is a sectional view of the window, and two films are used so as to be inside and outside.

  The fluororesin film of the present invention is a film composed of a resin comprising a fluoroolefin homopolymer, a copolymer of two or more fluoroolefins, or a copolymer of one or more fluoroolefins and other monomers.

  The fluoroolefin is a monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond and a fluorine atom, and may further have a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, an oxygen atom, or the like. Examples of the fluoroolefin include tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene. Other monomers are preferably non-fluorine monomers, olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butene and norbornene, alkenyl ethers such as cyclohexyl methyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether and ethyl allyl ether, vinyl acetate and pivalin. Examples thereof include alkenyl esters such as vinyl acid and allyl pivalate.

  Typical fluororesins include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene / propylene copolymer, ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene / ethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer such as tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoropropyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride / hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride / tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polychloro Examples include, but are not limited to, trifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), and mixtures thereof and fluororesins based on these are also included. It is.

  If necessary, a thermoplastic resin not containing fluorine and various additives can be blended within a range that does not impair the properties of the fluororesin. For example, various resins such as olefin-based, acrylic-based, ester-based, and amide-based thermoplastic resins, various pigments (apart from the blue pigment in the present invention), dyes, organic or inorganic fine particles (the present invention) In addition to indium tin oxide, fillers, dispersants and the like can be mentioned.

  When used as a window film, a resin mainly composed of ETFE, FEP, PVF, and PVDF is preferable from the viewpoint of film forming property, transparency, handling property, cost, and the like, and ETFE resin is more preferable.

  The heat ray-blocking metal oxide in the present invention is a metal oxide particle that has high transmittance for visible light and has absorption or reflection characteristics for near infrared rays. Specific examples include indium tin oxide (ITO; tin-doped indium oxide), antimony tin oxide (ATO; antimony-doped tin oxide), indium oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide. Among them, indium tin oxide (ITO) that is preferably used is an inorganic compound composed of indium oxide and tin oxide.

  In this embodiment, ITO is used as fine particles. The production method of the ITO fine particles is not particularly limited. For example, a powder sintering method in which an indium oxide powder and a tin oxide powder are pressure-molded and baked and solidified, and an aqueous solution containing an indium salt and a tin salt is neutralized. Examples include a method of firing the precipitate after filtration, washing, and drying. It is known that pulverization can be carried out industrially and that an average particle size of 100 nm or less can be produced.

  The average particle diameter of the ITO fine particles in the fluororesin film is in the range of 5 to 100 nm, and if it exceeds 100 nm, there is a decrease in light transmittance, coloring, and an increase in haze, which is not suitable as a transparent film material from the viewpoint of visibility. . If the center particle diameter is less than 5 nm, not only the heat ray blocking efficiency becomes insufficient, but also the industrial production becomes complicated and the production yield is extremely deteriorated.

  Furthermore, the component ratio of indium oxide and tin oxide is available in various ratios in the range of 85:15 (weight% ratio, the same applies hereinafter) to 97: 3, and achieves both transparency and heat ray blocking properties. From the viewpoint, it can be appropriately selected and used. In consideration of the heat ray blocking characteristics and the flow rate, indium oxide: tin oxide = 95: 5 is preferably used.

  The content A (wt%) of the heat ray blocking metal oxide of the fluororesin film of this embodiment is represented by the following formula (Equation 1) and varies depending on the film thickness t (μm). Since the heat ray blocking effect depends on the content of the heat ray blocking metal oxide present in the thickness direction per unit area of the film, a thick film can be obtained at a low concentration.

1 / t ≦ A ≦ 200 / t Number 1
When A is smaller than 1 / t, the heat ray blocking effect is insufficient. When A is larger than 200 / t, the color development peculiar to the heat ray-blocking metal oxide becomes strong, haze increases, and transparency is extremely lost.

  10-500 micrometers is preferable and, as for film thickness, 20-300 micrometers is more preferable. If it is less than 10 μm, the waist is weak, so that the handleability is poor and the strength may not be sufficient. If it exceeds 500 μm, the transparency is lowered, the weight becomes heavy, and the handling property may be inferior.

The light transmittance T _IR (%) at a wavelength of 1800 to 2200 nm of the fluororesin film of this embodiment is preferably T _IR = 0 even in consideration of the relationship with the near-infrared transmittance from the viewpoint of the heat ray blocking effect. In order to achieve transparency close to natural light, which is the object of the present invention, a range represented by the following formula (Equation 2) is preferable.

20 ≦ T _IR ≦ 70 Number 2
A _TIR of 20% or more is preferable because the amount of indium tin oxide necessary for this can be added and visibility about 30 meters ahead can be obtained through the film. Practical use with a _TIR of 70% or less The necessary heat ray blocking property can be exhibited.

  The method of blending the heat ray blocking metal oxide in the fluororesin film is not particularly limited, but a composition in which the heat ray blocking metal oxide is previously dispersed in a fluororesin or the like (hereinafter referred to as heat ray blocking metal oxide master and Is generally prepared and mixed with a fluororesin serving as a base so as to have a predetermined concentration when the film is formed. The shape is preferably in the form of pellets in terms of transportability to the film forming apparatus, etc., and is preferably equal to the pellet size of the base resin of the fluororesin film.

  The resin in which the heat ray shielding metal oxide fine particles are dispersed is preferably the same type as the base resin of the fluororesin film or the above-mentioned fluororesin. From the viewpoints of particle dispersibility, affinity with particles, economy, etc., a resin that does not contain fluorine in the molecular chain can be used, but from the viewpoint of transparency and surface roughness, the base of the fluororesin film What has compatibility with resin is more preferable.

  The dispersion method is not particularly limited, but the method of melt kneading the heat ray blocking metal oxide fine particles and the resin, the method of removing the dispersion medium at the same time as the dispersion of the heat ray blocking metal oxide fine particles and the resin, the heat ray blocking property A method of removing the solvent after dispersing the metal oxide fine particles in the resin solution is used. In any method, the so-called binder resin before mixing is preferably a powder having a large surface area. For example, the method of melt-kneading the heat ray-shielding metal oxide fine particles may be performed by mixing powdered resin and particle powder with a tumbler, ribbon blender, nauta mixer, Henschel mixer, planetary mixer, etc. A method of melting and kneading with a twin screw extruder and cutting the extruded strand into a master pellet, or using a high-shear kneading device such as a banbury mixer, kneader, calendar roll, heating kneader, etc. A method is known in which a kneaded resin composition is prepared in advance, and this resin composition is mixed with the same resin or another resin to form master pellets in the same manner as described above. A dispersant and various stabilizers can be added as necessary, but it is necessary to select one having heat resistance and chemical resistance that does not decompose at the kneading temperature or film forming temperature.

  The particle concentration in the particle master is preferably a master chip dispersed at a concentration 2 to 100 times the concentration added to the film. Higher concentration of the master chip is advantageous in terms of dispersion processing cost, etc. However, if it is 100 times or more, the master chip is unevenly distributed when blended with the base resin, and it is not preferable because the film may have uneven particle dispersion. .

  The particle diameter of the heat ray blocking metal oxide fine particles in the fluororesin film can be measured by observing a cross section of the fluororesin film sliced with a microtome with a transmission electron microscope or the like.

  The fluororesin film of this embodiment may have a single layer configuration or a laminated film including at least one fluororesin film. For example, if pattern coloring or a pattern printing film is bonded, design property can be provided.

  In film formation, known film formation methods such as melt extrusion film formation, calendar film formation, and solution film formation can be applied, but melt extrusion film formation is preferable from the viewpoints of film thickness control, productivity, additive dispersibility, and the like. The film may be any of unstretched, uniaxially stretched, and biaxially stretched, but a substantially non-oriented unstretched film is preferable from the viewpoints of dimensional stability, transparency, and ease of film formation.

  The light transmittance Tv (%) at a wavelength of 380 to 700 nm of the heat ray-shielding fluororesin film in this embodiment is preferably 85% or more because it is excellent in light transmittance.

  Since the ITO powder exhibits yellow to gray, a blue pigment necessary for obtaining transparency close to natural light can be added.

  Examples of blue pigments include inorganic pigments such as cobalt and manganese, and organic pigments such as indigo, phthalocyanine, and anthraquinone, but they are cobalt based in terms of color developability and handling when added to a fluororesin. Pigments and phthalocyanine pigments are preferred, cobalt pigments are more preferred, and cobalt blue is even more preferred from the standpoint of yellowing color reduction effect due to the addition of ITO, heat resistance, and weather resistance.

  The heat ray blocking metal oxide content and the blue pigment content in the fluororesin film may be confirmed by atomic absorption (ICP) analysis and may be determined in terms of ash content.

  In addition, due to the design and design properties of the heat ray-shielding fluororesin film, it is possible to perform surface processing such as printing, coating, vapor deposition, sputtering, and higher processing on the surface.

  The daylighting window in this embodiment has a structure in which a film is stretched on the window frame. The window frame material is not particularly limited, and metal, wood, resin, or the like can be used. Further, the shape of the window is not limited to a general quadrilateral, and is not particularly limited as long as a film can be stretched such as a triangle, a polygon, a circle, and an ellipse in consideration of the design of a building or a house.

  As a method of stretching the film on the window frame, it is preferable to take a method of fixing each side with a pressing plate such as a metal plate while applying an appropriate tension to the window frame prepared in advance.

  As a method of fixing the film to the window frame, a method of fixing the film along the outer periphery of the window frame as shown in FIG. 1 or 2 is preferable because high tension can be obtained. A method of fixing the film on the side surface of the parallel window frame or a method of fixing the film on the inner surface of the window frame can also be used.

  The film used for the daylighting window according to the present invention can be one sheet or two sheets. The method of extending the inside and outside of the daylighting window in a double manner is preferable because the heat insulation can be improved. In that case, both of the two films may be heat-shielded films, and if one satisfies the scope of the present invention, the film used for the other is not particularly limited. The film thickness may be the same or different.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, it is not limited to a following example.

  Each characteristic was evaluated based on the following measurement method.

(1) Light transmittance Tv (%) at a wavelength of 380 to 700 nm
Using a spectrophotometer U-2001 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Co., Ltd.), the transmittance in the wavelength range of 380 to 700 nm is continuously measured by the double beam direct ratio metering method, and the transmittance value (Tvi) for each wavelength of 1 nm is obtained. Obtained. The percentage of the value obtained by dividing the total of Tvi by the number of measurement points (n) was defined as the light transmittance Tv (%) at 380 to 700 nm. Further, the light transmittance Tv (%) is sometimes referred to as a visible light transmittance because of its property.

(2) Light transmittance T _IR (%) at a wavelength of 1800 to 2200 nm
Using a spectrophotometer U-4100 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Co., Ltd.), the transmittance in the wavelength range of 1800 to 2200 nm is continuously measured by the double beam direct ratio metering method, and each transmittance value (T _IR i for each wavelength of 1 nm) is measured. ) The percentage of the value obtained by dividing the total of T _IR i by the number of measurement points (n) was defined as the light transmittance T _IR (%) at a wavelength of 1800 to 2200 nm. Further, the light transmittance T _IR (%) is sometimes referred to as near infrared transmittance because of its property. In addition, as shown in Table 1, they are listed in a relationship inversely proportional to the heat ray blocking efficiency described later.

(3) Particle size The particle size of the heat ray blocking metal oxide fine particles and the blue pigment was determined by cutting a fluororesin film containing particles into ultra-thin sections having a thickness of 0.1 μm or less perpendicular to the film surface. Using a microscope (for example, JEM-1200EX manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), observe at a measurement magnification of 200,000 times or more, and adjust the diameter at the position where the diameter of approximately 50 individual particles is the longest in the observed visual field. The average value was taken as the average particle size.

(A) Production of ITO-dispersed fluororesin (ITO master) Indium tin oxide (ITO) powder having an average particle diameter of 30 nm and pre-pulverized ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ("Neofluon" manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) A mixture of (registered trademark) “ETFE EP-526) was melt-kneaded with a Banbury mixer to obtain a composition containing 20% by weight of ITO. Subsequently, this composition and an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ("Neofluon (registered trademark)" ETFE EP-546, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) pellets (ETFE pellets) so that indium tin oxide is 5% by weight. The mixture was fed to a bent twin screw extruder, extruded into a strand shape and cut to produce a pellet-like ITO-containing ETFE resin (ITO master).

(B) Production of blue pigment-dispersed fluororesin (blue master) Cobalt blue having an average particle diameter of 50 nm (manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd., FCM H1104) and a pre-powdered ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ( A mixture of “Neofluon (registered trademark) ETFE EP-546” manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd. was melt kneaded with a Banbury mixer to obtain a composition containing 20% by weight of cobalt blue. Next, this composition and ETFE pellets were mixed so that the cobalt blue would be 2% by weight, supplied to a vent type twin screw extruder, extruded into a strand shape, cut, and pelletized cobalt blue-containing ETFE resin (blue master). ) Was produced.

[Example 1]
ETFE pellets, ITO master, and blue master are uniformly mixed and supplied to a film forming apparatus equipped with a single-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 65 mm, a filter, a T die, and a cooling drum, and contain 100 μm thick ITO by melt extrusion film formation. An unstretched film having an amount of 0.25% by weight and a cobalt blue content of 0.05% by weight was obtained. The obtained film had a visible light transmittance Tv of 91.6% and good transparency. NIR transmittance _{T IR} of the film was as 38.7% and lower. This was stretched on a window frame to obtain a daylighting window shown in FIG.

[Comparative Example 1]
An unstretched film made of ETFE alone having a thickness of 100 μm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ITO master was not blended. The resulting film is visible light transmittance and a high 91.1%, near-infrared transmittance T _IR is intended 92.5% and high heat ray shielding property was window film little.

  The daylighting window using the heat-shielding-treated film of the present invention, particularly the fluororesin film containing the heat-shielding metal oxide particles, is free from harmful rays without impairing properties such as transparency, mechanical properties, and weather resistance. A daylighting window made of a heat-shielding fluororesin film with reduced transmittance can be obtained, and at the same time, the indoor temperature due to the transmission of sunlight is suppressed, but visible light can be captured and daytime indoor lighting is unnecessary. And the provision of a natural color appearance of an indoor exhibit by natural light, and the production of a feeling of openness due to the view of the sky from the inside, so that it is suitably used as a window material for a building. Furthermore, it is highly useful because it has the advantages of being lightweight, hard to break, and capable of freely designing the window shape over ordinary glass windows. In addition, as a structure of the window by this invention, there exist structures, such as a side slide start, a vertical slide start, a one-sided pulling, a pulling, a snapping, and a protrusion, but it is not specifically limited.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Window frame 2 Screw for holding plate 3 Holding plate 4 Film subjected to heat ray blocking treatment

The dispersion method is not particularly limited, but the method of melt kneading the heat ray blocking metal oxide fine particles and the resin, the method of removing the dispersion medium at the same time as the dispersion of the heat ray blocking metal oxide fine particles and the resin, the heat ray blocking property A method of removing the solvent after dispersing the metal oxide fine particles in the resin solution is used. In any method, the so-called binder resin before mixing is preferably a powder having a large surface area. For example, a method of melt-kneading a low emissivity metal oxide fine particles, powdered resin and particles of a tumbler, a ribbon blender, Nauta ®, Henschel mixer (registered trademark), were mixed in a planetary mixer , Melt-kneading with a single-screw or twin-screw extruder with a vent or the like, cutting the extruded strand to make a master pellet, or pulverized resin and particle powder with a Banbury mixer, kneader, calendar roll, heating kneader, etc. A method is known in which a resin composition that has been primarily kneaded with a high shear kneader is prepared in advance, and the resin composition is mixed with the same resin or another resin to obtain master pellets in the same manner as described above. A dispersant and various stabilizers can be added as necessary, but it is necessary to select one having heat resistance and chemical resistance that does not decompose at the kneading temperature or film forming temperature.

Claims (4)

A daylighting window comprising a window frame and a heat ray blocking plastic film stretched over an opening of the window frame. The daylighting window according to claim 1, wherein the heat ray blocking plastic film is a fluororesin film containing heat ray blocking metal oxide particles. The daylighting window according to claim 2, wherein the heat ray blocking metal oxide particles are indium tin oxide particles. The daylighting window according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fluororesin film has a film thickness of 10 to 500 µm.

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