JP3189264B2 - Nutrient cultivation method by culture liquid thin film method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a nutrient solution cultivation method using a culture solution thin film method suitable for cultivating leafy vegetables, particularly spinach and tsukena (for example, komatsuna).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In Japan, the installation area of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus is about 70.
It is said to be 0ha. This represents about 1.1% of the total area of the glasshouse and greenhouse. Hydroponic cultivation is increasing by about 70 ha every year for reasons such as high crop productivity and labor saving, and about 40% of the total is submerged hydroponic method (DFT).
Method), about 37% is rock wool cultivation, and about 15% is a culture solution thin film method (NFT method).

[0003] JP-A-6-141714 discloses a culture method.
An invention made by the present applicant regarding a hydroponic cultivation method of leafy vegetables by a liquid thin film method is disclosed. This is shown in FIG.
Briefly described by (A), an inverted conical planting hole 2
The a planting panel plate 1 bored many to face the bottom surface of the culture bet tank 3 disposed, crowded dropped Naenehachi 4 from each planting hole 2 is placed on the bottom of the culture bet tank 3, cultivation The seedling pot 4 is grown by feeding the culture solution 5 in a thin film form into the bed tank 3, and the leaves and petiole are elongated and enlarged along the inner surface of the planting hole 2, whereby the whole plant including the lower leaves is grown. Are grown in a V-shape.

[0004]

However, according to the above method, the following inconveniences have been observed. That is, since the seedling pot 4 placed in the cultivation bed tank 3 is washed by the flow of the culture solution 5, it is grown in the seedling pot 4 in which the root growth is insufficient and the root and the soil are not well entangled or in the soil which is easily broken. In the seedling pot 4, the soil was washed out and the seedling pot 4 collapsed, gradually sinking or the seedlings were inclined (see FIG. 4 (B)), and it was difficult to obtain proper growth. At times, the seedlings settled under the planting panel 1 and became unable to grow (FIG. 4).
(C)). In addition, the washed-out soil was deposited and rotted in the circulation line of the culture solution 5 to cause soiling of the culture solution 5. In addition, especially in the cultivation of leafy vegetables, a large number of seedling pots 4 are planted, which prevents the natural flow of the culture solution 5 and makes the liquid flow slightly stagnant. The oxygen concentration in 5 significantly changed, and caused the growth spots and the decrease in growth.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a gradient
Many planting holes were drilled on the cultivation bed tank
Place the planting panel board and drop the seedling pot from the planting hole
Place on the bottom of the cultivation bed tank with
Culture to grow seedling pots by flowing nutrient solution in thin film form
In the nutrient solution cultivation method by the liquid thin film method,
Continuous longitudinally locations hit directly below the planting example holes in the tank bottom
Formed in a plurality of rows, the height of the convex portion is not about several mm higher than the liquid surface of the thin film culture solution, the width of the convex portion is the diameter of the seedling pot placed on the convex portion About several mm larger than
The culture solution is flowed in a thin film into the grooves between these protrusions.
It is characterized by the following.

It is preferable that a plurality of the cultivation bed tanks are connected in the longitudinal direction, the inner surface of all the cultivation bed tanks is covered with a plastic sheet, and a hydrophilic material is laid on the plastic sheet. Planting hole planting panel plate it is preferable to bored in the cylindrical vertical same diameter.

[0008]

The seedling pot of the crop is placed on the upper surface of the projection formed in the cultivation bed. The culture solution flows in a thin film between the convex portions and the liquid surface of the culture solution is lower than the upper surface of the convex portion, so that the lower side of the seedling pot by the culture solution is not washed out. . A moisture space is formed between the lower surface of the planting panel plate and the liquid surface of the culture solution.

[0009] Since the culture solution can be sent to the upper surface of the convex portion 6 through the hydrophilic material, after the planting, roots extending from the seedling pot reach the culture solution in the groove for several days by the action of the hydrophilic material to provide appropriate moisture. And do not allow the seedling pots to dry.

When the deterioration of the front side of the planted panel board has progressed, it is reversed and the back side is used as the front side.

[0011]

1 shows a hydroponic culture for carrying out the method of the present invention .
4 shows an embodiment of the apparatus, and the same members as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals. A large number of planting holes 2 are formed in a planting panel 1 formed of lightweight polystyrene foam. The size of the planting panel board 1 is, for example, 60 cm in width and 1 in depth.
m, thickness 35 mm. Although the shape of the planting hole 2 may be an inverted conical shape, it is better to be a cylindrical shape having the same diameter in the upper and lower directions, and the size is larger than the diameter of the seedling pot 4 to be used. The interval between the planting holes 2 is determined to be an appropriate interval for crop cultivation. For example, in the case of spinach, assuming that the size of the planting panel board 1 is as described above, a total of 45 cylindrical planting holes 2 having a diameter of 27 mm are arranged in a diamond shape at intervals of 118 mm.

The cultivation bed tank 3 whose open upper part is covered by the above-described planting panel boards 1 and 1 is formed of lightweight styrofoam similarly to the planting panel board 1. In the illustrated example, steps 9, 9 formed on the inner sides of both sides of the cultivation bed tank 3 are shown.
And the receiving part 10 formed at the center of the bottom surface supports the two planted panel boards 1 and 1. Cultivation bed tank 3
To show an example of the size of 1.26 m wide, 1 m deep,
The height of the side wall is 10 cm. The difference from FIG. 4 is that a plurality of rows of convex portions 6, 6,... That are continuous in the longitudinal direction are formed at a bottom surface portion directly below the planting hole 2 of the planting panel plate 1. The height and width of the projections 6 are determined in the former by the relationship with the liquid depth of the thin-film culture solution, and in the latter by the diameter of the seedling pot 4 to be used. If the height of the projections 6 is too low, the possibility that the seedling pots 4 placed on the projections 6 will be washed with the culture solution 5 increases. It is not preferable because the water supply to the seedling pot 4 is insufficient because the distance from the liquid surface of 5 is too large, which tends to delay the growth. If the width of the convex portion 6 is smaller than the diameter of the seedling pot 4, there is a possibility that the seedling pot 4 is shifted from the ridge-shaped convex portion 6 and tilts. Desirably, the height of the protrusion 6 is about 2 to 3 mm higher than the liquid depth of the culture solution 5, and the width of the protrusion 6 is about 4 mm wider than the diameter of the seedling pot 4 to be used. . The interval between the projections 6 and 6 is equal to the interval between the planting holes 2 and 2.

In actual installation, a plurality of cultivation bed tanks 3 are connected in the longitudinal direction, and are installed so as to have a gradient of about 1/80. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the entire inner surface is covered with a plastic sheet 7 to prevent water leakage at each of the connected portions, and if necessary, on the plastic sheet 7,
A hydrophilic material 8 such as cloth or paper is laid. This hydrophilic material 8
Is for pumping liquid by capillary action.

Next, referring to FIG. 3, the planting panel plate 1 is put on the cultivation bed 3 and the seedling pot 4 is dropped from the planting hole 2 so that the seedling pot 4 faces directly below the planting hole 2. The cultivation bed 3 can be easily placed on the projection 6. Next, when the culture solution 5 is caused to flow from the upstream side to the downstream side of the cultivation bed 3 through the grooves on both sides of the convex portion 6, the liquid level in the groove when the flow rate of the culture solution 5 is 10 liters / minute per bed is obtained. About 2-3
mm. It is about half the height of the projection 6. 25 mm height between the lower surface of the planting panel 1 and the surface of the culture medium 5 in the groove
A degree of moisture space will be formed.

[0015]

According to the nutrient solution cultivation method according to the present invention described above, the seedling pot is on the convex portion that appears on the liquid surface of the culture solution, and does not hinder the flow of the culture solution. Root bowls are not washed out. Therefore, the collapse of the root mortar and the settlement of the seedlings are eliminated, and the growth of crops having a good shape can be obtained, and the problems of clogging of pipelines and propagation of pathogenic bacteria due to the washed-out soil are also solved. In addition, it can be used even with soil that easily collapses.

Since the distance from the lower part of the seedling pot to the liquid surface of the culture solution is small, the roots emerging from the lower part of the seedling pot easily extend into the culture solution in the grooves on both sides of the ridge-shaped convex part. It absorbs fertilizer components, water and oxygen in the culture solution. On the other hand, since the side of the root pot comes into contact with the moisture space, the roots of the root root actively generate moisture roots having many root hairs to absorb air oxygen. In particular, it is said that it is important to create an aerobic rhizosphere environment for the growth of spinach, but it will provide an environment that meets the demand and contribute to the growth.

3) After the planting, the hydrophilic material laid on the cultivation bed surface is transferred to the seedling pot through the same material for several days after planting until the roots extending from the seedling pot reach the culture solution, and the moisture is appropriately moistened. To prevent drying of the seedling pot. Further, even when the liquid level drops due to a failure of the culture solution circulation system or the like, the culture solution can be supplied so as not to hinder the growth by the action of the hydrophilic material.

Eliminating the distinction between the front and back by making the shape of the planting holes cylindrical eliminates the need for discrimination between the front and back in the installation work of the planting panel board, not only improving the work efficiency but also deteriorating the front side exposed to sunlight. When this is done, the life of the planting panel board can be prolonged by reversing it and using the surface that was the back side as the front side.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus used for carrying out the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a plastic sheet and a hydrophilic material provided on the inner surface of a cultivation bed tank.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a use state of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

4A and 4B are cross-sectional views showing a conventional example, wherein FIG. 4A shows a state where a lower part of a seedling pot is washed by a culture solution, FIG. 4B shows a state where a seedling pot is collapsed and tilted, and FIG. Each shows a state of sinking below the plate.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 is a planting panel board 2 is a planting hole 3 is a cultivation bed tank 4 is a seedling pot 5 is a culture solution 6 is a convex portion 7 is a plastic sheet 8 is a hydrophilic material

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cultivation bed tank set up with a gradient
Place a planting panel with a large number of planting holes on the
Seedling pots are dropped from the planting holes to the bottom of the cultivation bed.
Put the culture solution on the bottom of the cultivation bed tank
Nutrient cultivation by the culture liquid thin film method to grow seedling pots by cultivation
In the method, the bottom of the planting hole on the bottom of the cultivation bed
Form multiple rows of convex parts continuous in the longitudinal direction at the bottom
And, the height of the convex portions without several mm higher than the liquid level of the thin film culture, the width of the convex portion is larger several mm than the diameter of Naenehachi placed on convex portions , Between these convex parts
Culture medium characterized by flowing the culture medium in a thin film into the groove
Hydroponic cultivation method by membrane method . 2. A connecting a plurality of the cultivation bet tank in the longitudinal direction, the inner surface of the entire cultivation bet bath while covered with a plastic sheet, hydrophilic capital onto the plastic sheet
The method for cultivating nutrient solution according to claim 1, wherein a material is laid. 3. A hydroponics method according to claim 1, characterized in that drilling in a cylindrical vertical same diameter the planting hole of the planting panel plate.