JP2007049957A - Hydroponics system using slanted bed - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydroponics system using a slanted bed performing hydroponics of root vegetables and medicinal plants the roots of which are to be harvested while supplying culture solution in view of the peripheral environment of the roots. <P>SOLUTION: The hydroponics system using a slanted bed has such a structure that a slanted culture medium covered with an impermeable sheet is placed on a slanted bed disposed in a fan-like fashion or in parallel to each other. In the system, the culture medium comprising a water-retaining sheet and a plurality of water-permeable rootproof sheets are laminated on the impermeable sheet so as to grow the plant roots at spaces between the water-permeable rootproof sheets or grow the plant roots along the water-retaining sheet. The hydroponics system using the hydroponics bed enables full-scale liquid culture of the root vegetables in long-root species. Hydroponics of plants other than the root vegetables under favorable growing environment is also enabled through expediting water exchange in the culture media so as to improve the growth of the roots. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroponic plant bed and a hydroponic system using a slanted bed for harvesting roots of root vegetables such as burdock or medicinal plants such as echinacea.

  Root vegetables such as burdock are deep-rooted crops whose roots grow to about 60-90 cm, for example. In the cultivation field, the original linear growth is inhibited by the strength of the soil and obstacles in the soil. It is easy, and it takes effort to dig deep into the field to harvest. As techniques for reducing labor during harvesting and cultivating root vegetables having excellent shapes, for example, techniques disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2000-106748 and 2001-292632 are known.

  In the former Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-106748, corrugated sheet is obliquely inclined at an inclination angle of about 10 to 30 degrees, and burdock is grown along the groove to facilitate digging. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-292632, a slanted long bowl-shaped container is installed in the soil, and at the same time as cultivating Ginenjo along the container, harvesting is facilitated.

  Therefore, the cultivation method shown in the above publication is a case where an inclined cultivation container is used when cultivating in field soil. There is no cultivation method for hydroponics.

  Moreover, there exists the technique disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-91 as a hydroponic culture method and hydroponics method of root vegetables. A method for cultivating root vegetables characterized by culturing a portion other than the tip of the root in the culture solution while immersing the tip portion of the root in the culture solution.

  The cultivation method shown in the above publication is to float a material having a specific gravity smaller than that of the culture solution on the culture solution, fix a portion other than the tip of the root to the material, and soak it in the root tip portion culture solution. It is to be cultivated. In the cultivation of long root species, it is necessary to raise the material floating on the culture solution as it grows. In addition, the absorption root and the storage root are separately cultivated.

Shimane University (Inventor, Toshiki Asao) 2005. Published patent publication (A). 2005-91 Toshio Masada 2001. Cultivation method of natural selection. Published Patent Publication (A) 2001-292632 Toshio Masada 2001. Gyudon cultivation method and gyudon grower. Published patent publication (A). 2000-106748 Shuji Tanaka 1995. Hydroponic cultivation method and apparatus using airbags Patent Publication (A). 7-79651 Kohei Yamamoto 1994. Cultivation method and cultivation container for root vegetables. Published patent publication (A). 6-169645

  In the above-mentioned prior art nourishment cultivation, root vegetables such as turnips are easy to cultivate, but it is difficult to lengthen the storage root part with long root species such as burdock. The harvest is divided into absorption fine roots and storage roots. However, if medicinal roots can be used like burdock, fine roots such as absorption roots can also be harvested, but naturally it cannot be harvested in soil cultivation, and it is difficult to harvest fine roots at the site that is enlarged in night culture. . Moreover, not only root vegetables but also night culture, there is also a problem that the medium in which the roots grow is liable to be deficient in oxygen due to stagnant water or residues associated with root metabolism.

  Therefore, in order to solve the above-described conventional problems, the present invention is a hydroponics bed in which a water retention sheet is disposed in a gap between an impermeable sheet installed on an inclined bed, and the water retention sheet Nutrients characterized in that a plurality of water-permeable root-preventing sheets are stacked thereon to grow plant roots in the gaps between the water-permeable root-preventing sheets, or plant roots are grown along the water-retaining sheets. A bed for liquid cultivation is provided. Furthermore, the present invention is a hydroponic cultivation system comprising the hydroponic cultivation bed described above, wherein a irrigation tube is disposed above the water-permeable root-preventing sheet forming a multilayer, wherein the water-permeable root-preventing layer in the lower layer The present invention also provides a hydroponic system characterized in that seeds are placed on the upper part of a sheet for germination or seedlings are placed, and a culture solution is supplied by drip from the irrigation tube. Furthermore, this invention also provides the method of carrying out the hydroponic cultivation of a plant using said hydroponic cultivation system.

  According to the hydroponics bed of the present invention, by extending the root and storage roots of root vegetables in the gap of the water-permeable root-preventing sheet of the gradient medium, all roots including not only the storage roots but also the fine roots are harvested. it can. In addition, if the corrugated plate or flat plate base is an inclined bed, all individuals can be easily harvested for each individual. Therefore, according to the present invention, a hydroponic culture system that enables full-scale hydroponic cultivation of long-rooted root vegetables has been provided. In the present invention, the roots are grown on a water retaining sheet having a steep slope, and the exchange of water in the medium is accelerated to improve the growth of the roots. It became possible to do hydroponics.

  The present invention provides a hydroponic cultivation bed having a configuration in which an inclined culture medium covered with a water-impermeable sheet is placed on an inclined bed arranged in a fan shape or in parallel. Here, the bed means a medium support made of a base such as a corrugated sheet reinforced with a foamed styrene board. The medium covered with the water-impermeable sheet is composed of a water-retaining sheet such as a germ guard and two or more water-permeable root-proof sheets placed on the sheet, and the roots are harvested in the gap between the water-permeable root-proof sheets. Root vegetables or medicinal plants, or roots of other plants can be grown and grown.

  Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention using the above-mentioned hydroponic cultivation bed, an irrigation tube is arranged above the water-permeable root-preventing sheet, and the culture solution is allowed to flow down according to the gradient of the culture medium. A system in which the stored liquid is discharged in one direction on a gantry with a gradient can be employed. Further, in the nutrient solution cultivation system of the present invention, the root growth environment can be improved by keeping the circulation or discharge circuit of the nutrient solution at a gentle slope and making the cultivation medium steeply inclined.

  A hydroponic culture bed and a hydroponic culture system using a corrugated or flat gradient medium according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the system of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the hydroponics bed of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a front view of the hydroponic bed of the present invention, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure which has arrange | positioned the bed for hydroponics in fan shape.

  In FIG. 1, the hydroponic liquid supply pump (P) pumps up the hydroponic culture solution (N) in the hydroponic solution storage tank (R), and the pumped culture solution is installed above the ground with a pipe. A certain pedestal (F) is guided to the center, and the hydroponic liquid supply pipe is raised to the upper part of the inclined bed at the center, and a irrigation tube (D) having a porous hole is connected to the supply pipe at the upper part of the inclined bed. Placed in the left and right direction, and the culture solution from each hole of the irrigation tube is placed on a hydroponic cultivation bed consisting of a water-retaining sheet (B) and a water-permeable root-proof sheet (C) wrapped in a water-impermeable sheet (A). Dripping. The amount of the flowing culture solution is adjusted by the water amount adjustment valve (V). The dropped hydroponic culture solution (N) flows down in the water-retaining sheet (B) and the water-permeable root-preventing sheet (C) on the inclined hydroponic cultivation bed while exchanging the liquid. The culture solution stored in the impermeable sheet (A) at the bottom of the slant culture medium is collected on the gantry according to the gradient to the underground tank. The inclined bed is supported by a frame (S) constructed of steel pipes, and (G) is a root vegetable such as burdock that is the subject of cultivation.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the hydroponics bed of the present invention, and FIG. (A) is a water-impermeable sheet, and is fixed on a base (W) reinforced with a board (E) such as foamed styrene so as to be folded into an envelope shape and joined together at the upper part of the slope. The substrate (W) used here is preferably a corrugated plate, but can also be a flat plate, and such an embodiment is also within the scope of the present invention. As long as the base (W) can be reinforced, a material other than foamed styrene can be used as the board (E). In the envelope sheet formed by the water-impermeable sheet (A), a water-retaining sheet (B) and a two-layer water-permeable root-proof sheet (C) are stacked on the sheet, and the irrigation tube (D) is connected to the water-permeable sheet. Install on a protective rooting sheet. Seeds or seedlings are placed on the lower water-permeable root-proof sheet (C), and after germination, the roots extend downward and the foliage extends upward. In addition, it is also possible to shape | mold a water retention sheet | seat (B) and a water-permeable root prevention sheet | seat (C) integrally.

  In the hydroponics bed of the present invention, the role of the water-permeable root-proof sheet (C) is to confine the entire root (root system) between the sheets, and the sheet also serves to prevent drying. Since the nutrient solution and water are sprinkled from the irrigation tube (D) on the water-permeable root-proof sheet, the water diffuses, from the water-permeable root-proof sheet (C) to the water-holding sheet (B), and further inside the bed. Water is evenly distributed. Therefore, the water-permeable root-proof sheet (C) needs to be a sheet having water permeability, moisture permeability and hydrophilicity.

  Moreover, since the water-impermeable sheet (A) is inclined in the hydroponic cultivation bed of the present invention, if there is no material that retains water even after continuous supply or irrigation from the inclined upper part, the water flows down. It does not reach the whole root, but the upper part of the slope becomes dry. On the other hand, if the amount of retained water is too large, the weight increases and the bed structure becomes heavy. Therefore, in the present invention, it is desirable to use a sheet-like water retaining material. The material of the water-retaining sheet (B) will be described in detail below, but it is possible to use a germ guard (trade name) which is a polyester pile fabric or a sheet compressed with rock wool. By using such a water retaining material having a certain thickness or more, water can be retained on the entire surface of the medium. In a thin sheet such as a root-proof sheet or a film, water can be retained in a layer that is in close contact with the root and exerts surface tension. However, the amount of retained water is insufficient when a space is formed.

In addition, although the following can be mentioned as a raw material which can be used as a water-impermeable sheet (A), a water-retaining sheet (B), and a water-permeable root-proof sheet (C) in this invention, It is limited to them. It is not a thing.
1. Impermeable sheet (A): Various synthetic resin films and sheets.
2. Water retention sheet (B): Pile fabric cloth, rock wool sheet, porous sheet (urethane, recycled rubber sheet from old tires, adhesive sheets of various biomass materials, etc.)
3. Water-permeable root-proof sheet (C): a hydrophilic and water-permeable material that cannot pass through the roots, and has a hydrophilic high-density fabric (polyester material is used in the examples), a hydrophilic nonwoven fabric (root) Have a density that can prevent the intrusion)

  In FIG. 4, the frame of the inclined bed (E + W) on which the water-impermeable sheet (A) is installed is assembled with the frame structure (S) of the steel pipe, and the arc-shaped pipe is inserted into the ground to form a fixed frame. On the gantry, the slanted culture medium and the bed are fan-shaped and installed in three stages on the left and right, and the hydroponic liquid supply pipe (T) raised from the center of the gantry is installed. Up to the top of the tube, where it is connected to a porous irrigation tube (D).

  Furthermore, a bird's-eye view of the entire system is shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the hydroponic culture solution (N) pumped from the storage tank (R) is supplied to the hydroponic cultivation bed through the hydroponic nutrient supply pipe (T), A state where the plant (G) is cultivated is shown. Further, in the lower right of FIG. 5, a state is shown in which the nourishing hydroponics bed held by the base (W) is fan-shaped and installed in three stages on the left and right.

  Using the hydroponic system of the present invention, it is possible to perform hydroponic culture of medicinal plants for harvesting root vegetables or roots of various long root species. Examples of plants that can be cultivated with the hydroponic system of the present invention include root vegetables of long root species such as burdock, carrot, radish, yam and dinenjo, and medicinal plants such as echinacea, but are not limited thereto. It is not a thing. In root vegetables, there are seeds having absorption roots for absorbing nutrients and storage roots for harvesting purposes. In the present invention, both root absorption roots and storage roots are combined in a root-proof permeation sheet. It can be extended or enlarged in the sandwiched gap.

  Furthermore, in this invention, it is also possible to arrange | position a water retention sheet | seat (B) in the clearance gap between the inclined water-impermeable sheet | seat (A), and to grow a plant root along a water retention sheet | seat. In such an embodiment, plant roots grow on the basis of the water-holding sheet (B), thereby enabling three-dimensional cultivation in the form of a board or in a suspended state. In addition, also in that case, a water-permeable root prevention sheet (C) can be arrange | positioned on the outer side of a water retention sheet | seat (B), and the intensity | strength of this water retention sheet | seat (B) can also be raised. In the embodiment described here, the roots are fixed on the water-holding sheet (B), so that it is not intended for hydroponics of root vegetables. However, since the cultivation bed of the present invention has a steep slope, the culture medium does not stagnate, and any plant other than root vegetables that is not intended to harvest roots can be hydroponically cultivated in a good growth environment. It becomes possible.

(1) Effect of medium inclination angle on initial growth of roots Considering the cultivation of root vegetables on an inclined medium, the influence of inclination angle on root growth was examined. The treatment was carried out in four sections with inclination angles of 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 90 °, and 6 to 10 germinated seeds were tested in one group, and the water level was 10 cm or less from the sowing position. Irrigation was performed daily by spraying. FIG. 6 shows the influence of the medium inclination angle on the root growth, and FIG. 7 shows the influence of the medium inclination angle on the main root growth. As a result, in the main root length, there was no significant difference between the inclination angle of 30 ° and 45 ° and between 60 ° and 90 °, but between 45 ° or less and 60 ° or more A significant difference was observed, and the main root length was large at 60 ° and 90 °. At 60 °, the length from the root end of the main root to the side root generation site was long, and the side root length was large. There was no difference in the number of side roots depending on the inclination angle.

(2) Effect of the presence or absence of shading on the gradient medium on root growth Since the root system is usually in the dark, the effect on root growth in the light-shielded and non-light-shielded areas was examined. A filter paper (100 × 200 mm) was placed on a vinyl chloride plate (100 × 200 × 50 mm) as an inclined medium, and the plate was inclined and fixed in a water tank (200 × 250 × 180 mm). Seeds that have been absorbed for one day are germinated in the dark at 25 ° C, placed between corrugated plates (100 x 10 x 30 mm) between corrugated plates (50 mm), fixed to the top of the slant medium with a rubber band, and from above The filter paper was stacked and covered with a wrapping film for food packaging. FIG. 8 shows the effect of shading at the root on the growth of the root, and FIG. 9 shows the effect of shading at the root on the growth of the main root. As a result, there is no difference in the main root length between the light-shielded area and the non-light-shielded area, but there is a significant difference in the length from the root end of the main root to the side root occurrence site in the 30 ° light-shielded area and 90 ° non-light-shielded area. Were observed, both of which became longer at 90 °. The side root length was large in the 90 ° non-shading area, and the number of side roots increased.

  Based on the above experimental results, a practical scale system was constructed as follows. NFT hydroponic bed (600mm wide, 30mm deep, 1800mm long with galvanized steel sheet) installed at 20cm above the ground with a gradient of 1/80 as the foundation, and a steel pipe pipe with a caliber of 19.1mm on the frame The bed was built. A styrofoam plate (182 × 100 × 40 mm) was used as a bed, and the culture medium was installed so that the three-level inclined surface could be taken from east to west.

  The medium was made of a structure in which black and white polyfilm was folded in two, and a germ guard with a root-proof sheet and a root-proof sheet were placed in that order. The seeds were fixed to the filter paper with a bond for woodworking, placed at the top 50 mm position on the root-preventing sheet side of the germ guard with root-preventing sheet, and the root-preventing sheet was placed on top of it. A liquid supply tube was fixed on the seed.

  The medium structure was installed with 4 slopes (90 °, 60 °, 45 °, 30 °) on the west-facing slope on the east side, or 3 slopes (60 °, 45 °, 30 °) on the west-facing and east-facing slopes on the east side. The medium surface structure uses a flat plate and corrugated plate. The flat plate has a medium directly on the foamed polystyrene, and the corrugated plate has a corrugated plate (pitch 10 × 5 cm, plate length 120 × 60 cm) on the foamed polystyrene. The medium was placed on the pitch. As the length of the culture medium, 60 cm and 90 cm of polystyrene foam were used.

  Three types of liquid supply tubes were used: Everflow A, hard liquid supply tube (2 cm interval), and Everflow W type.

  The culture solution was given by continuous supply, and the flowed-down solution was collected in an underground tank (500 L) and supplied again with a submersible pump. Basic culture solution formula uses tap water until the cotyledon develops, then grows with 1/4 unit of complete culture solution for garden trial formulation, and 3/4 unit culture after the first leaf develops Managed with liquid. The culture solution composition was Otsuka House A formulation.

Next, the following examination was tried.
Experiment 1 Effect of bed structure on medium temperature 1) Medium coating 2) Well water circulation tube in nutrient tank 3) Types of supply tube Experiment 2 Effect of medium bed tilt angle on growth of burdock 1) Variety 2) Inclined sectional structure 3) Inclined surface orientation Experiment 3 Burdock quality 1) Shiori

  The following results were obtained as a result of experiments performed by the above method. The results are shown in Tables 1-5. Table 1 shows the difference between the varieties of growth in hydroponics, Table 2 shows the effect of the inclination angle on the growth, Table 3 shows the effect of the type and inclination angle of the inclined plate on the root morphology, and Table 4 shows the inclination of the medium. Table 5 shows the effect of the combination of the angle and the inclined plane orientation on the growth of roots, and Table 5 shows the medium temperature rise suppression effect by the bed covering of the nonwoven fabric light-shielding material.

  In Tables 1 to 5, alphabets such as a, b, c, and d are attached to the numbers. These alphabets indicate that there is no significant difference (P <0.05) between numbers with the same letter in the same column, and significant numbers between numbers with different letters. . Since multiple comparison is performed, there are numbers with a plurality of alphabets such as ab, bc, or abc, but even in that case, there is no significant difference between the numbers with the same letter. That is, there is no significant difference between the numbers with abc and the numbers with ab, a or b. On the other hand, there is a significant difference between the number with bc and the number with a.

1. In the reduced model medium, the growth of roots at 90 ° and 60 ° was good, but in the practical scale system, it was good at 60 ° and 45 °.
2. Since the cultivated medium has a small cultivation area and the roots are above the ground, the medium temperature is more susceptible to air temperature than soil cultivation. Since the medium was inclined, the incident angle of solar radiation was large, and there was a problem that the medium temperature was high in the uppermost 60 ° inclined section. In the slope direction, the eastward inclination tended to be high.
3. As a medium temperature lowering method, it was effective to install a well water circulation tube to lower the nutrient solution temperature. Covering with a non-woven shading material was effective for directly lowering the medium temperature.
4). The feeding tube used Everflow M and a hard tube with a large amount of feeding to suppress the increase in medium temperature.
5. As the varieties for hydroponics, “Yanagigawa Ideal”, “Yamada Hayao” and “Watanabe Hayao” were selected.
6). The cross-sectional structure of the medium had a corrugated shape that was less than that of a flat plate, had less root entanglement with adjacent strains, and had good root growth.
7). When the east-facing inclined surface was covered with a light-shielding material to suppress the increase in medium temperature, root growth was better than the west-facing inclined surface.
8). The amount of transpiration of harvested storage roots at room temperature on the first day accounted for 32% for hydroponics burdock and 16% for soil plowed burdock. In the storage of hydroponics burdock, it is necessary to consider a transpiration control method immediately after harvesting.

  From the above results, it is considered that hydroponic cultivation of root vegetables such as burdock became possible by the present system of the gradient medium arranged in a fan shape.

  According to the bed for hydroponics of the present invention, all roots including not only root vegetable storage roots but also fine roots can be easily harvested for each individual. Therefore, according to the present invention, a hydroponic system that enables full-fledged hydroponic cultivation of long-rooted root vegetables, which has been difficult until now, is provided, and a new way to realize hydroponic cultivation of root vegetables is provided. opened. Furthermore, even in plants other than root vegetables, it is possible to improve the environment of hydroponics in plants other than root vegetables by growing roots on a water retention sheet that has been steeply sloped and speeding up the exchange of water in the medium. It has become possible.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view (side view) of the entire system of this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the configuration of the bed and the cultivation medium of this example. FIG. 3 is an explanatory side view showing the configuration of the bed and the culture medium and the root vegetable cultivation state of this example. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view (front view) illustrating a configuration in which the inclined beds of the present embodiment are arranged in a fan shape. FIG. 5 is a bird's-eye view of the entire system. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the influence of the medium inclination angle on root growth. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the influence of the inclination angle of the medium on the growth of the main root. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the influence of root shading on root growth. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of shading of the root on the growth of the main root.

Explanation of symbols

A water-impermeable sheet B water-retaining sheet C water-permeable root-proof sheet D irrigation tube E board F frame G root vegetable plant N hydroponic culture solution P hydroponic solution supply pump R hydroponic solution storage tank S frame T Hydroponic liquid supply pipe V Water volume control valve W Base

Claims (10)

  A hydroponics bed in which a water retentive sheet is arranged in a gap between impermeable sheets installed on an inclined bed, and a plurality of water permeable root-proof sheets are laminated on the water retentive sheet. A bed for hydroponics, wherein plant roots are grown in the gaps of the water-permeable root-proof sheet or plant roots are grown along the water-holding sheet.   The bed for hydroponics according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a root vegetable.   The hydroponics bed according to claim 2, wherein the root vegetables are root vegetables of a long root type or a medicinal plant for harvesting roots.   The bed for hydroponic cultivation according to claim 3, wherein the root vegetables of the long root species are selected from the group consisting of burdock, carrot, radish, yam and ginenjo.   The bed for hydroponic cultivation according to claim 3, wherein the medicinal plant is Echinacea.   The bed for hydroponic cultivation according to claim 2, wherein both the absorption roots and the storage roots of the root vegetables are elongated or enlarged in a gap sandwiched between the water-permeable root-proof sheets.   The hydroponics bed according to claim 1, which enables three-dimensional cultivation in a wall-like or suspended state by growing plant roots along the water retention sheet.   A hydroponic cultivation system comprising the hydroponic cultivation bed according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a irrigation tube is disposed above the water-permeable root-preventing sheet forming a multilayer. Then, seeds are placed on the upper part of the water-permeable root-preventing sheet as a lower layer to germinate or seedlings are placed, and a culture solution is supplied by drip from the irrigation tube.   9. The culture solution according to claim 8, wherein the culture medium flowing down the inclined culture medium is stored in a lower part of the water-impermeable sheet coated with the culture medium, and the gantry bottom is collected in an underground tank along a gradient. Hydroponic system.   A method for hydroponically cultivating a plant using the hydroponic system according to claim 8 or 9.

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