JP3187514U - Field expansion optical system and field expansion glasses using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To see an image with a sufficiently wide field of view and less distortion, and even a person with hyperopia or myopia can focus from near to far without the need for corrective glasses. A field-enlargement optical system suitable for a patient with a field-stenosis that can see an image with an enlarged field of view, and eyeglasses for field-expansion with a natural appearance using this optical system.
A field-enlarging optical system 6 is provided with a concave lens 67 and a convex lens 63 on substantially the same optical axis, and an object located outside the concave lens is viewed from the convex lens. The effective focal position F2 of the convex lens is The effective focal position F1 on the object side of the concave lens is on the object side.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a field-expansion optical system for use by a patient having a symptom of narrowing the field of view and glasses using the same.

The field of view is said to be about 60 to 70 degrees in the vertical direction for a normal person, and about 120 degrees on the left and right when viewed with both eyes in the horizontal direction.
On the other hand, eye diseases that lack vision are widely known. It is a disease called narrowing of the visual field, and it is easy to trip on steps because the feet are not visible during walking, and there is also a risk of traffic accidents because recognition of cars approaching from the left and right is delayed.

For people with this disease, field-of-view magnifiers have been proposed to expand the field of view. This visual field enlarging tool includes a convex mirror provided with a through-hole in the center, a plane mirror that is an imaging mirror that reflects reflected light from the convex mirror, and that is disposed opposite to the convex mirror, and a support that is a hollow body. For the support,
A sliding body for correcting the optical axis of the plane mirror with respect to the convex mirror and a plane mirror rotating mechanism are attached. (For example, patent document 1).

JP 2006-280807 A

However, in the above-described field-of-view magnifier, although the field of view can be enlarged, the plane mirror is disposed in front, so that the most important front field of view is blocked.
In addition, since an enlarged field of view is obtained by using a convex mirror, the visible image is greatly distorted similarly to an image that can be seen by using a curved mirror installed on a road.

Because of the above-mentioned problems, even if a person with visual field narrowing uses this field of view expansion tool, it is difficult to walk safely on the road, and the distorted field of view that lacks the front field of view is uncomfortable to the patient in the first place. It is thought that it is difficult to use for a long time because it gives a feeling of discomfort.
Furthermore, when using this field magnifying device attached to spectacles, the portion corresponding to the lens in normal spectacles has a shape that protrudes largely to the front surface, which is extremely difficult to wear from an apparent point of view. .

The field-enlarging optical system according to the present invention includes a concave lens or a lens group having a concave lens function and a convex lens or a lens group having a convex lens function on substantially the same optical axis. A field expansion optical system for correcting field stenosis for viewing an object outside the lens group having an action,
An effective focal position on the object side of a convex lens or a lens group having a convex lens action is located on the object side relative to an effective focal position on the object side of a concave lens or a lens group having a concave lens action.

The field-enlargement spectacles according to the present invention are field-enlargement spectacles for correcting field stenosis configured to be positioned immediately before the right eye and the left eye when wearing a field-enlargement optical system,
A frame having a light-shielding lens;
A support mechanism for fixing the field expansion optical system to the frame;
With
The light-shielding lens is a lens that is difficult to visually recognize the visual field expansion optical system from the outside.

Since the visual field expanding optical system according to the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to view an image with a sufficiently wide visual field without partial omission and distortion. Furthermore, even a person with hyperopia or myopia can see a magnified field-of-view image that is in focus from near to far without the need for additional correction glasses.
In addition, the glasses equipped with this visual field expansion optical system can provide an image similar to an image seen by a healthy person to a person suffering from narrowing of the visual field. A perspective can also be obtained by binocular vision.
Furthermore, it is possible to provide glasses that are not particularly uncomfortable from the viewpoint of appearance.
In addition, it is possible to simultaneously remove deficits that are symptoms such as discomfort with light and pain in the eyes of many people with narrow vision.

It is a perspective view of the spectacles for visual field expansion concerning the present invention. It is (a) top view and (b) partial enlarged top view of the spectacles for visual field expansion which concern on this invention. It is sectional drawing of the visual field expansion apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the visual field expansion apparatus which concerns on this invention. In the visual field expansion apparatus according to the present invention, it is a diagram showing incidence of light rays from an external visual field.

Embodiment.
The structure of the field-enlarging optical system according to the present invention and the field-enlarging spectacles using the field-enlarging optical system will be described below with reference to the drawings. The following description discloses a good example related to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

In FIG. 1, the perspective view of the spectacles 1 for a visual field expansion which concerns on this invention is shown. FIG. 2 shows a top view. FIG. 2A is a top view of the entire field-expansion glasses 1, and FIG. 2B is a partially enlarged view thereof.
The field of view spectacles 1 includes a frame 2 having two light-shielding lenses 21, a temple 3, a nose pad 4, a support 5 fixed to the frame 2, two field expansion optical systems 6, a support 5 and a field expansion. It consists of two support rods 7 connecting the optical system 6 and a screw mechanism 8 for fixing the support rod 7 to the support 5.

  As can be seen from FIG. 1, the visual field-enhancing spectacles 1 are basically the same in appearance as ordinary sunglasses and spectacles, and do not have a shape that makes others feel uncomfortable when worn. However, the field-enlargement glasses 1 have a slightly larger shape because the field-enlargement optical system 6 is provided inside. For example, over sunglasses that can be worn from above myopia correction glasses or sunglasses called over glasses are commercially available, but they have the same size.

  The two light shielding lenses 21 provided on the frame 2 are the same as the light shielding lenses provided normally, and protect the wearer's eyes from glare such as sunlight and the like. It has a role to prevent the inside from being clearly visible. That is, the visual field enlarging optical system 6 and the like provided inside are difficult to visually recognize from the outside.

  The temple 3 and the nose pad 4 are equivalent to those provided in normal glasses. The nose pad 4 may be fixed directly to the frame 2 or may be fixed to the support body 5.

  A support 5 made of plastic or the like was fixed to the inside of the frame 2 by adhesion. The fixing method of the support 5 and the frame 2 is not limited to adhesion, and may be formed by screwing, fitting, or integral molding.

The field expansion optical system 6 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. Similarly, a cylindrical convex lens support mechanism 62 is fixed to one end of the outer frame 61 which is a cylindrical tube. The convex lens support mechanism 62 is provided with a groove for fitting the convex lens 63 into which the convex lens 63 is fitted. The outer frame 61 is provided with a screw mechanism 65. The convex lens support mechanism 62 can be fixed at a predetermined position of the outer frame 61 by adjusting the tightening of the screw mechanism 65 in the screw adjustment unit 66. With this mechanism, the vertical position (distance from the eyeball) of the convex lens support mechanism 62 in FIG. 3 can be adjusted. Thereby, the fine adjustment of the focusing which match | combined with the wearer can be performed.
As a fine adjustment mechanism for focusing, a female screw may be provided inside the outer frame 61, a male screw may be provided outside the convex lens support mechanism 62, and the convex lens support mechanism 62 may be screwed into the outer frame 61. .

  A concave lens 67 is fixed to the other end of the field expansion optical system 6 by fitting or the like. A space is formed between the concave lens 67 and the convex lens 63. The hollow portion is a space through which reflected light from the object passes when the wearer looks at the object, and the inner wall of the outer frame 61 is painted black in order to prevent reflection on the inner wall of the cavity.

  The convex lens 63 and the concave lens 67 may each be a single lens, or each may be composed of a plurality of lens groups. For example, if a plurality of convex lenses are combined, the focal length is shorter than that of a single convex lens. The same applies to a concave lens. It is also conceivable to combine a convex lens and a concave lens in order to reduce the aberration.

What is important in the field-enlarging optical system according to the present invention, in other words, an essential configuration is to arrange an optical system having a convex lens action and an optical system having a concave lens action on substantially the same optical axis. .
Therefore, the optical system having a convex lens function may be a single convex lens or a plurality of lens groups. When a plurality of lens groups are used, the entire lens group may have a convex lens action. In other words, the entire lens group may have a positive focal length.
Similarly, the optical system having a concave lens function may be a single concave lens or a plurality of lens groups. When using a plurality of lens groups, the entire lens group may have a concave lens action. That is, the entire lens group may have a negative focal length.

  Also in the present embodiment, the convex lens 63 and the concave lens 67 are actually composed of a plurality of lens groups. As described above, whether it is a single lens or a lens group composed of a plurality of lenses is the same in principle, and therefore, in FIG. Each is described as one lens. The effective focal lengths of the convex lens 63 (actually a lens group having a convex lens action) and the concave lens 67 (actually a lens group having a concave lens action) used in the present embodiment are about 25 mm, approximately -12 mm. Since the focal length of the concave lens is usually expressed as a negative value, it is expressed in the present invention according to this custom.

  FIG. 2B shows a configuration in which the two field expansion optical systems 6 are fixed to the support 5 using the support rod 7. The left field expansion optical system 6 is for the left eye, and the right field expansion optical system 6 is for the right eye. A support rod 7 is fixed to each field expansion optical system 6. The support 5 is provided with a hole into which the support bar 7 can be inserted. By inserting the support rod 7 into this hole and tightening the screw 8 at an appropriate position, the two field expansion optical systems 6 are fixed to the support 5. By using such a fixing mechanism, it is possible to adjust the position of the left and right visual field expanding optical systems 6 according to the distance between the eyes of the wearer.

  Next, the principle by which the field expansion optical system 6 exhibits the field expansion effect will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 10 denotes an eyeball, and how the eyeball 10 is seen when viewing the arrow A that is an object through the visual field expanding optical system 6 will be described.

F1 is the focal position of the concave lens 67, and F2 is the focal position of the convex lens 63. The focal position F2 of the convex lens 63 needs to be at the same position as the focal position F1 of the concave lens 67 or on the object side, as shown in FIG. This point will be described later.
First, consider the case where the convex lens 63 is removed and the eyeball sees the arrow A through the concave lens 67. The image of the concave lens 67 indicated by the arrow A is an erecting virtual image (arrow C) that is closer to the arrow A than the concave lens 67 and slightly closer to the concave lens 67 than the focal position F1.

  When the arrow A, which is an object, is sufficiently far away from the absolute value of the focal length of the concave lens 67, the position where this erecting virtual image can be made substantially coincides with the position F1. As described above, since the effective focal length of the concave lens 67 is about −12 mm, if there is an arrow A at a position about 1 m away, as shown in FIG. The position is very close to F1 represented by C.

  Next, in the actual field-enlarging optical system 6 with the convex lens 63, the arrow C, which is the above-mentioned erecting virtual image, is viewed through the convex lens 63. Since the focal position of the convex lens 63 is F2 and the arrow C is on the inside thereof, the image by the convex lens 63 is also an erecting virtual image, and an image can be formed farther than F2 as indicated by the arrow B in FIG. This arrow B is an image that the eyeball 10 sees through the field expansion optical system 6. As described above, the reason why the focal position F2 of the convex lens 63 is the same position as the focal position F1 of the concave lens 67 or on the object side is that the arrow C is an erect virtual image.

  The incident angle Z from the tip of the arrow B, which is an image viewed through the field-enlarging optical system 6, to the eyeball 10 is smaller than the incident angle Y from the tip of the arrow A, which is an actual object, to the eyeball 10. That is, the object can be seen at a smaller incident angle by looking through the field expansion optical system 6.

Many people with symptoms that narrow their vision can see the front but not the outside. This is because light incident from outside the field of view forms an image outside the retina by the crystalline lens, but the image formed outside the retina is not recognized by the brain for some reason.
When the object is viewed through the field expansion optical system 6, light from the object enters the lens at a smaller angle, and therefore forms an image inside the retina that can be recognized by the brain, so that the field of view can be expanded. .

  In FIG. 4, since the outer frame 61 of the field expansion optical system 6 blocks light, it may be considered that an object further outside the tip of the arrow A cannot be seen, but the actual light path is considered. As shown in FIG. 5, it can be seen that a considerably outside object can also be seen.

In order to quantitatively estimate the visual field expansion effect of the visual field expansion optical system 6, a simple experiment was performed.
First, a plate with a 0.8 mm diameter pinhole is placed in contact with the eyes, and the field of view becomes very narrow when looking out from the pinhole. Then, a grid paper was placed at a certain distance, and the number of squares visible was counted. Next, the field expansion optical system 6 was attached to a plate having pinholes, and the grid was viewed through the pinhole and the field expansion optical system 6 to count the number of cells. When viewed through the field expansion optical system 6, the number of squares counted increased by about 8 times. In other words, it was found that the visible area was magnified 8 times when viewed through the visual field enlarging optical system 6. At that time, the grids and the like were not distorted, and the grids were seen with the same aspect ratio as usual.

Next, the details when wearing the field-enlargement glasses 1 using the field-enlargement optical system 6 will be described.
As can be seen from FIG. 2A, the two visual field enlarging optical systems 6 are configured to protrude slightly from the frame 2 of the visual field enlarging glasses 1 toward the eyeball side. Therefore, one end on the convex lens 63 side of the field expansion optical system 6 is positioned closer to the eyeball than normal glasses. In the case of normal glasses, the distance between the lens and the eyeball surface is about 12 mm. However, in the case of the field-enlargement glasses 1 according to the present embodiment, the distance between the one end on the convex lens 63 side of the field-enlargement optical system 6 and the eyeball surface is About 1 mm to 4 mm is desirable. If it is closer than 1 mm, it will hit the eyelashes, so a distance of at least about 1 mm is necessary.

  By positioning the convex lens 63 near the eyeball in this way, the convex lens can cover the entire field of view even with a small-diameter convex lens, and the outer visual field can also be seen. The diameter of the convex lens used in the present embodiment was 9 mm, but this size was sufficient to cover the entire field of view with the convex lens. The pupil of the human eye is most widened in the dark. The pupil size in the most expanded state is about 8 mm, and it has been found that a diameter slightly larger than the pupil size is optimal as the convex lens diameter.

  If the diameter of the convex lens is increased, the entire field of view can be covered even if the convex lens is separated from the eyeball to some extent. However, in this case, the thickness of the convex lens increases in proportion to the diameter, and the entire length of the field-enlarging optical system 6 becomes longer, so that it does not fit in the frame 2 of the field-enlargement glasses 1. become. In addition, the weight is increased, causing a problem in wearing feeling.

The relationship between the lens diameter and the lens thickness is the same for the concave lens. That is, in order to shorten the overall length of the field expansion optical system 6, it is desirable to use a concave lens having a diameter as small as possible. However, since the lens area is proportional to the amount of incident light, if the lens diameter is made too small, a sufficient amount of light reaches the eyes and the wearer feels dark. Therefore, in this embodiment, a concave lens having a diameter of 20 mm is used.
In this way, the convex lens is slightly larger than the pupil, and the concave lens is slightly larger in order to obtain a light amount, so that the size of the field expansion optical system 6 is reduced while ensuring performance. be able to.

  In the present embodiment, by optimizing the diameters of the convex lens and the concave lens in this way, the total length of the field-enlarging optical system 6 can be set to about 22 mm. If it is this full length, it can be accommodated in the frame 2 of the spectacles 1 for visual field expansion. The field-enlarging optical system 6 cannot be visually recognized from the outside by the light-shielding lens 21 provided on the frame 2, so it can be worn with a natural image with the same appearance as wearing over sunglasses. It becomes possible.

  The function of the light-shielding lens 21 is to hide the visual field expansion optical system 6 as described above and to soften strong light such as sunlight, which is the original role. Many people with narrow vision have symptoms of photophobia. The field-of-view enlargement glasses 1 according to the present invention can simultaneously provide such a person with the advantage of improving the contrast sensitivity by reducing glare as well as expanding the field of view and making the object easier to see.

  In addition, the field-viewing spectacles 1 see an object with both eyes, and in this case, as with the naked eye, a perspective can be obtained by binocular vision. Perspective is obtained when the right and left eyes have different positions, and the incident angle of light from the object is slightly different between the left and right eyes, and the difference between these angles is analyzed by the brain. This is because the positions of the left and right visual field enlarging glasses 1 are respectively in front of the left and right eyes, and the incident angle of light from the object is different from that when viewed with the naked eye.

  Further, in the case of a person with a myopic symptom in conjunction with the narrowing of the visual field, when the spectacles 1 for expanding the visual field are put on, a distant view can be clearly seen without glasses for correcting hyperopia and myopia. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the image of the arrow A, which is an object located far away, is seen as the image of the arrow B closer to the eyes, and thus has the same effect as glasses that correct myopia. On the other hand, the position of the image obtained by the field-enlargement optical system 6 is farther than the focal position of the convex lens even with respect to an object at a close distance. It has the same effect as glasses.

  In addition, since the depth-of-view optical system 6 has a very deep depth of focus, an object at a close distance and an object at a distance are focused. Therefore, even if the user is looking close and suddenly looking far away, or vice versa, it is possible to focus on all objects with almost no change in the focus of the eyes. Even a person whose focus adjustment function has declined due to aging or disease can be focused.

  The fact that the depth of focus is very deep also facilitates the adjustment of the field expansion optical system 6. Changing the distance between the convex lens 63 and the concave lens 67 corresponds to focus adjustment. However, since the focus is adjusted in a considerably wide range, fine adjustment is unnecessary.

The features of the field-enlarging optical system according to the present invention and the field-enlarging spectacles using it will be summarized below.
First, the features of the field expansion optical system will be described.
In order to enlarge the field of view, it is necessary to reduce the angle of incidence on the eyeball by using a concave lens and viewing the erect virtual image. At this time, in order to reduce the incident angle, it is necessary to use a concave lens having an absolute focal length that is as small as possible and to keep the distance from the eyeball. This is clear from the elementary theory regarding the imaging of the concave lens.

  The production of a concave lens having a small absolute focal length is limited in terms of technology, cost or material, and normally about -12 mm used in this embodiment is appropriate. In order to obtain a sufficient field expansion effect with a concave lens having a focal length of about −12 mm, it is necessary to separate the concave lens from the eyeball by about 20 mm. Large concave lens is required. For example, a large lens having a diameter of about 100 mm is required.

  If you try to obtain a focal length of about -12mm with a large concave lens of about 100mm diameter, even if you use a lens with a high refractive index, the lens will be very thick, the cost will be very high, and the viewpoint of weight and size Therefore, it becomes very difficult to use practically.

  Therefore, in the present invention, a convex lens is provided near the eyeball, and the diameter of the concave lens can be reduced by enlarging the erecting virtual image by the concave lens over the entire field of view. And since the thickness of a convex lens and a concave lens can be made thin, the compact visual field expansion optical system which can be accommodated in the flame | frame of the same size as over sunglasses was realizable.

  In particular, the convex lens is slightly larger than the general size of the human pupil, and the concave lens is larger than the convex lens to obtain the light quantity. It was made small enough, easy to use, and sized to be incorporated as glasses.

  As shown in the pinhole experiment, this field-of-view magnification optical system can expand the field of view by an area ratio of 8 times, and it is possible to see a natural image with little distortion with the same aspect ratio. is there.

Next, the features of the field-expansion glasses using this field-enlargement optical system will be described.
By using a light-shielding lens in the frame of the eyeglasses for expanding the field of view, the field-of-view expanding optical system is made invisible from the outside, and the apparent problems are solved.
In addition, the symptoms of brightness and a decrease in contrast sensitivity that are common in people with narrowed visual field can be compensated by the light-shielding effect of the light-shielding lens.

Furthermore, a perspective can be obtained by binocular vision.
Further, even for hyperopic and myopic persons, correction glasses are not necessary.
And since the depth of focus is very deep, even a person with a reduced eye focus adjustment function can easily focus from near to far. Further, the focus adjustment of the visual field expanding optical system is remarkably easy.

In the present embodiment, the two light shielding lenses 21 are fitted into the frame 2 as shown in FIG. 1, but are attached to the frame 2 so as to be detachable or openable / closable by a rotating mechanism. May be. A so-called flip-up frame configuration may be used. However, in normal flip-up spectacles, the lens portion can be opened about 90 degrees forward, but it is preferable that the lens part can be flipped up approximately 180 degrees forward. By doing so, the field expansion optical system 6 can be completely out of the field of view when the lens portion is flipped up.
By making the lens part flip-up, the lens part can be flipped up and used without removing the field-of-view magnification glasses 1. A person with a narrowed field of view has a narrow field of view, and once the field-of-view magnification glasses 1 are removed and placed somewhere, it may be difficult to find them, and therefore the flip-up type has a large memory. .
In addition, since there is no need to stumbling inside the house or paying attention to the car, there is also a good aspect in that things can be seen in full size when viewed with the naked eye. In such a case, it is also effective not to remove the field-expansion glasses 1 but to use the lens portion with the field-view magnification glasses 1 flipped up. For example, when sunlight enters from a window and a glare is felt, the lens portion can be immediately returned to the original position, and a sudden outing can also be handled.

1. 1. Eyeglasses for expanding the field of view Frame 3. Temple 4. 4. Nose pad Support 6. 6. Field expansion optical system Support bar 8. Screw 10. Eyeball 21. Light shielding lens 61. Outer frame 62. Convex lens support mechanism 63. Convex lens system 65. Screw 66. Screw adjustment section 67. Concave lens system Subject B. Erect virtual image by convex lens Erect virtual image by concave lens Incident angle of the subject Z. Incident angle of upright virtual image by convex range

Claims (7)

From substantially the same optical axis, a concave lens or a lens group having a concave lens action and a convex lens or a lens group having a convex lens action are provided, and from the side of the convex lens or the lens group having a convex lens action, the concave lens or the lens group having a concave lens action. Is a field-expansion optical system for correcting field stenosis for viewing an object outside,
The effective focal position on the object side of the convex lens or the lens group having a convex lens action is closer to the object side than the effective focal position on the object side of the concave lens or the lens group having a concave lens action. Magnifying optical system. The field expansion optical system according to claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the convex lens or the lens group having a convex lens action is smaller than an outer diameter of the concave lens or the lens group having a concave lens action. The field expansion optical system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an outer diameter of the convex lens or a lens group having a convex lens action is larger than a general size of a human pupil. A field-enlargement eyeglass for correcting field stenosis configured to be positioned immediately before the right eye and the left eye when wearing the field-enlargement optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A frame having a light-shielding lens;
A support mechanism for fixing the field expansion optical system to the frame;
With
The eyeglasses for field of view enlargement, wherein the light shielding lens is a light shielding lens that makes it difficult to visually recognize the field-of-view magnification optical system from the outside. The field-of-view spectacles according to claim 4, wherein the frame includes a flip-up mechanism that is a mechanism for opening and closing the light-shielding lens in a forward direction. The field-of-view spectacles according to claim 5, wherein the frame has a flip-up mechanism that opens and closes the light-shielding lens approximately 180 degrees forward and upward. The convex lens or the lens group having a convex lens function is located closer to the eyeball than the distance between the normal eyeglass lens and the eyeball surface when wearing the eyeglasses for expanding the field of view. Glasses for enlarging the field of view described in Crab.