JP3169458B2 - Seawater purifier - Google Patents
Seawater purifierInfo
- Publication number
- JP3169458B2 JP3169458B2 JP33325492A JP33325492A JP3169458B2 JP 3169458 B2 JP3169458 B2 JP 3169458B2 JP 33325492 A JP33325492 A JP 33325492A JP 33325492 A JP33325492 A JP 33325492A JP 3169458 B2 JP3169458 B2 JP 3169458B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- seawater
- residual chlorine
- concentration
- chlorine concentration
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、大規模海水プールやマ
リーナ，泊地等の閉鎖性海域内の海水の殺菌，殺藻を行
なう海水清浄装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seawater purifying apparatus for disinfecting and killing seawater in closed sea areas such as large-scale seawater pools, marina, and lodgings.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、海水プールやマリーナ，泊地等の
閉鎖性海域の海水には、汚れが発生し、例えば、海水プ
ールの殺菌，殺藻を行なう際には、次亜塩素酸ナトリウ
ムや次亜塩素酸カリウム等の薬が使用されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, seawater in closed sea areas such as seawater pools, marinas, and basins have become contaminated. Drugs such as potassium chlorite are used.
【０００３】また、マリーナ，泊地等の閉鎖性海域にお
ける水の美観を創出するために、海水の清浄度を維持す
る必要があり、閉鎖性海域内で自然発生する藻類の除
去，或いは、その発生の抑制は重要な技術とされてい
る。[0003] Further, in order to create an aesthetic appearance of water in a closed sea area such as a marina or a staying place, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness of seawater. Suppression is an important technology.
【０００４】そこで、閉鎖性海域で発生する赤潮等の対
策には、モンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物や硫酸アルミニウ
ム等が用いられ、赤潮等を擬集沈殿させている。[0004] Therefore, in order to prevent red tides and the like generated in closed sea areas, montmorillonite clay minerals, aluminum sulfate, and the like are used, and red tides and the like are pseudo-sedimented.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、海水中に残
留塩素を供給するために、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム，次亜
塩素酸カリウム等の薬が必要で、コストアップを招くと
いう問題がある。However, in order to supply residual chlorine into seawater, a drug such as sodium hypochlorite and potassium hypochlorite is required, which causes a problem that the cost is increased.
【０００６】また、モンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物や硫酸
アルミニウム等を用いて赤潮等を擬集沈殿する対策も、
その散布方法が難しく、場所によってその濃度が異な
り、清浄度も異なるという問題がある。[0006] Measures for pseudo-precipitation of red tide and the like using a montmorillonite clay mineral, aluminum sulfate, etc.
There is a problem that the spraying method is difficult, the concentration varies depending on the place, and the cleanliness varies.
【０００７】本発明は、上述の問題点を解決するために
なされたもので、その目的は、海水中への残留塩素の拡
散を容易に行い、且つ、その海水中における残留塩素の
濃度を所定の濃度にすることができ、さらに、コストダ
ウンを図った海水清浄装置を提供することである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to easily diffuse residual chlorine into seawater and to determine the concentration of residual chlorine in the seawater. It is an object of the present invention to provide a seawater purifying apparatus which can achieve a low concentration and further reduce costs.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、海水中に対向
して配置された陽電極及び陰電極と、陽電極と陰電極に
電流を供給する電源と、海水中に陽電極の下方に位置し
て設けられ、海水中に気泡を供給する散気装置と、海水
中の残留塩素を検出する残留塩素濃度検出器と、残留塩
素濃度検出器に接続され、残留塩素濃度が設定濃度より
小さい場合に電源に出力命令を出す残留塩素濃度制御装
置とを備えていることを特徴とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to facing seawater.
And anode and cathode disposed to a power source for supplying a current to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, provided positioned below the anode in seawater, a diffuser for supplying bubbles in sea water , A residual chlorine concentration detector for detecting residual chlorine in seawater, and a residual chlorine concentration control device connected to the residual chlorine concentration detector and issuing an output command to a power supply when the residual chlorine concentration is smaller than a set concentration. It is characterized by being.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】本発明においては、残留塩素濃度検出器によっ
て海水中の残留塩素濃度が検出されるが、その信号が残
留塩素濃度制御装置に送られる。残留塩素濃度制御装置
においては、海水中の塩素濃度が設定濃度より小さい場
合に残留塩素濃度制御装置から電源に出力命令が出され
る。According to the present invention, a residual chlorine concentration detector detects the residual chlorine concentration in seawater, and the signal is sent to a residual chlorine concentration control device. In the residual chlorine concentration control device, when the chlorine concentration in the seawater is smaller than the set concentration, an output command is issued from the residual chlorine concentration control device to the power supply.
【００１０】電源から、陽電極及び陰電極に電流が供給
され、海水を電解水溶液として、電気分解が陽電極と陰
電極の間で行なわれ、海水中の陽電極に塩素ガスが発生
する。同時に、陽電極の下方の散気装置から気泡が散気
され、この気泡の上昇とともに塩素ガスが海水中に撹拌
される。A current is supplied from a power source to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and electrolysis is performed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode using seawater as an aqueous electrolytic solution to generate chlorine gas at the positive electrode in the seawater. At the same time, bubbles are diffused from the diffuser below the positive electrode, and the chlorine gas is stirred into the seawater as the bubbles rise.
【００１１】この塩素ガスは、海水に溶けて次亜塩素酸
が生じ、さらに、この次亜塩素酸は、水素イオンと次亜
塩素酸イオンに電離し、次亜塩素酸及び次亜塩素酸イオ
ン（残留塩素）によって海水が殺菌，殺藻される。This chlorine gas is dissolved in seawater to produce hypochlorous acid, and this hypochlorous acid is ionized into hydrogen ions and hypochlorite ions, and forms hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions. (Residual chlorine) sterilizes and algae-kills seawater.
【００１２】海水の塩素濃度が設定濃度になると、電源
からの出力命令が停止される。このようにして、海水の
残留塩素濃度が所定の濃度に保たれる。When the chlorine concentration of the seawater reaches the set concentration, the output command from the power supply is stopped. In this way, the residual chlorine concentration of seawater is maintained at a predetermined concentration.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】以下、図面により本発明の実施例について説
明する。図１は本発明の実施例に係わる海水清浄装置を
示す。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a seawater purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【００１４】図において、符号１は、閉鎖性海域として
の泊地を示し、この泊地１の海水中に、２組の陽電極２
及び陰電極３が対向して配置されている。４は直流定電
圧電流装置で、各陽電極２，２及び陰電極３，３に配線
５Ａ，５Ｂ，５Ｃ，５Ｄを介して接続されている。In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a harbor as a closed sea area, and two sets of positive electrodes 2 are provided in the seawater of the harbor 1.
And negative electrode 3 are arranged opposite. Reference numeral 4 denotes a DC constant voltage / current device, which is connected to the positive electrodes 2 and 2 and the negative electrodes 3 and 3 via wires 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D.
【００１５】泊地１には、電極式の残留塩素センサ６，
６が海水中に没して設けられ、残留塩素センサ６，６
は、各陰電極３，３の上方に位置している。各残留塩素
センサ６，６は、残留塩素分析計７に接続されている。
残留塩素センサ６，６と残留塩素分析計７とにより残留
塩素濃度検出器が構成されている。An electrode type residual chlorine sensor 6,
6 is provided submerged in seawater, and a residual chlorine sensor 6, 6 is provided.
Are located above the respective negative electrodes 3. Each of the residual chlorine sensors 6 and 6 is connected to a residual chlorine analyzer 7.
The residual chlorine sensors 6, 6 and the residual chlorine analyzer 7 constitute a residual chlorine concentration detector.
【００１６】８は残留塩素濃度制御装置で、その入力側
が残留塩素分析計７に接続されている。この残留塩素濃
度制御装置８は、残留塩素濃度が設定濃度より小さい場
合に直流定電圧電流装置４に後述する内容の出力命令を
出すようになっている。Reference numeral 8 denotes a residual chlorine concentration control device, the input side of which is connected to the residual chlorine analyzer 7. When the residual chlorine concentration is smaller than the set concentration, the residual chlorine concentration control device 8 issues an output command to the DC constant voltage / current device 4 as described later.
【００１７】上記残留塩素濃度制御装置８の出力側は、
空気圧縮機９と、電動開閉弁１０と、上記直流定電圧電
流装置４に接続されている。空気圧縮機９には配管１１
が接続され、この配管１１の先端に上記電動開閉弁１０
が設けられている。電動開閉弁１０には、空気供給管１
２，１２の基端が接続され、各空気供給管１２の先端に
は、それぞれ散気装置１３，１３が設けられ、各散気装
置１３，１３は各陽電極３，３の下方に位置している。The output side of the residual chlorine concentration controller 8 is
It is connected to the air compressor 9, the electric on-off valve 10, and the DC constant voltage / current device 4. The pipe 11 is connected to the air compressor 9.
Is connected to the end of the pipe 11,
Is provided. The electric open / close valve 10 includes an air supply pipe 1
The base ends of the air supply pipes 2 and 12 are connected, and air diffusers 13 and 13 are provided at the distal end of each air supply pipe 12, respectively. The air diffusers 13 and 13 are located below the positive electrodes 3 and 3, respectively. ing.
【００１８】しかして、本実施例においては、残留塩素
センサ６，６により、泊地１内の海水の残留塩素濃度が
常時監視され、検出された信号が残留塩素分析計７によ
り増幅され、あらかじめ標準試料等によって作成された
検量線をもとに換算された分析結果が、濃度信号として
残留塩素濃度制御装置８に送られる。In the present embodiment, however, the residual chlorine concentration in the seawater in the harbor 1 is constantly monitored by the residual chlorine sensors 6 and 6, and the detected signal is amplified by the residual chlorine analyzer 7 and is standardized in advance. The analysis result converted based on the calibration curve created by the sample or the like is sent to the residual chlorine concentration control device 8 as a concentration signal.
【００１９】残留塩素濃度制御装置８においては、検出
された残留塩素濃度と設定濃度とを比較し、残留塩素濃
度が設定濃度より大きい場合には、直流定電圧電流装置
４の運転が停止され、空気圧縮機９の運転が停止され、
電動開閉弁１０が閉じられている。In the residual chlorine concentration control device 8, the detected residual chlorine concentration is compared with the set concentration, and when the residual chlorine concentration is larger than the set concentration, the operation of the DC constant current device 4 is stopped, The operation of the air compressor 9 is stopped,
The electric on-off valve 10 is closed.
【００２０】そして、泊地１内の海水の環境が悪くな
り、海水中の残留塩素が消費されると、残留塩素濃度が
設定濃度より小さくなる。このように、残留塩素濃度が
設定濃度より小さくなった場合に直流定電圧電流装置４
からの指令で、直流定電圧電流装置４が運転され、空気
圧縮機９が運転され、電動開閉弁１０が開かれる。When the environment of the seawater in the harbor 1 deteriorates and the residual chlorine in the seawater is consumed, the residual chlorine concentration becomes smaller than the set concentration. As described above, when the residual chlorine concentration becomes smaller than the set concentration, the DC constant voltage / current device 4
, The DC constant-voltage / current device 4 is operated, the air compressor 9 is operated, and the electric on-off valve 10 is opened.
【００２１】かかる状態の作用を以下に説明する。直流
定電圧電流装置４から電流が、陽電極２及び陰電極３の
間に供給されると、海水を電解水溶液として、電気分解
が陽電極２及び陰電極３の間で行なわれ、海水中の陽電
極２に以下のような化学作用で塩素ガスが発生する。The operation in such a state will be described below. When a current is supplied between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 from the DC constant voltage / current device 4, electrolysis is performed using seawater as an aqueous electrolytic solution.
Is performed between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, and chlorine gas is generated on the positive electrode 2 in seawater by the following chemical action.
【００２２】陽電極２及び陰電極３間に電圧が印加され
ると、海水を電解水溶液として、海水中の陽イオン（ナ
トリウムイオン）が陰電極３に向って泳動し、陰イオン
（塩素イオン）が陽電極２に向って泳動する。When a voltage is applied between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, cations (sodium ions) in the seawater migrate toward the negative electrode 3 using seawater as an electrolytic aqueous solution, and anions (chlorine ions) are formed. Migrates toward the positive electrode 2.
【００２３】陽電極２では、陰イオン（塩素イオン）の
酸化反応が起こり、塩素ガスが発生する。一方、陰電極
３では、陽イオン（ナトリウムイオン）が還元されて、
ナトリウムが析出する。At the positive electrode 2, an oxidation reaction of anions (chlorine ions) occurs, and chlorine gas is generated. On the other hand, at the negative electrode 3, cations (sodium ions) are reduced,
Sodium precipitates.
【００２４】同時に、空気圧縮機９から圧縮空気が電動
開閉弁１０を介して各散気装置１３，１３に導かれ、散
気装置１３，１３から圧縮空気が海水中に気泡として曝
気される。塩素ガスは、各散気装置１３，１３からの散
気する気泡により、海水中に撹拌されて拡散する。At the same time, compressed air is guided from the air compressor 9 to each of the air diffusers 13 and 13 via the electric on-off valve 10, and the compressed air is aerated from the air diffusers 13 and 13 into seawater as bubbles. The chlorine gas is agitated and diffused into the seawater by the air bubbles diffused from the air diffusers 13 and 13.
【００２５】この塩素ガスは、海水に溶けて次亜塩素酸
が生じ、さらに、この次亜塩素酸は、水素イオンと次亜
塩素酸イオンに電離して残留塩素濃度が上がり、次亜塩
素酸及び次亜塩素酸イオンによって海水の殺菌・殺藻作
用が営まれる。This chlorine gas is dissolved in seawater to produce hypochlorous acid, and this hypochlorous acid is ionized into hydrogen ions and hypochlorite ions to increase the residual chlorine concentration, In addition, the disinfection and algicidal action of seawater is performed by the hypochlorite ion.
【００２６】海水の塩素濃度が設定濃度になると、直流
定電圧電流装置４からの出力命令が停止されるととも
に、散気装置１３，１３から圧縮空気の曝気が停止され
る。このようにして、海水の残留塩素濃度が所定の値に
保たれる。When the chlorine concentration of the seawater reaches the set concentration, the output command from the DC constant current device 4 is stopped, and the aeration of the compressed air from the air diffusers 13 and 13 is stopped. In this way, the concentration of residual chlorine in seawater is maintained at a predetermined value.
【００２７】以上の如き構成によれば、海水を電気分解
することにより塩素ガスを発生させると同時に、散気装
置１３からの気泡の上昇により塩素ガスを海水の全域に
亘って攪拌し、海水の全域に残留塩素を簡単にかつ自動
的に拡散させ、この残留塩素により、海水の殺菌，殺藻
を全域に亘って行なうことができる。According to the above-described structure, chlorine gas is generated by electrolyzing seawater and, at the same time, the chlorine gas is stirred over the entire area of the seawater by rising bubbles from the air diffuser 13 to thereby produce a chlorine gas. The residual chlorine is easily and automatically diffused throughout the entire area, and the residual chlorine enables the sterilization and algicidal treatment of the seawater to be performed over the entire area.
【００２８】また、常に、残留塩素濃度検出器８で海水
中の残留塩素濃度を監視し、残留塩素濃度制御装置８に
より、その残留塩素濃度を制御しているので、海水中の
残留塩素濃度を所定の濃度に保ことができる効果を奏す
る。Further, since the residual chlorine concentration in the seawater is constantly monitored by the residual chlorine concentration detector 8 and the residual chlorine concentration is controlled by the residual chlorine concentration control device 8, the residual chlorine concentration in the seawater is monitored. This has the effect of being able to maintain a predetermined concentration.
【００２９】従って、海水の殺菌，殺藻操作をその全域
に亘って充分に行ない、閉鎖性海域の海水を好気的環境
に保つことができる。例えば、図２に示すように、
（Ａ）クロロフィルａ量より（Ｂ）フェオ色素量を差し
引いた値が藻類の生存量を表し、この値が抑制されると
いう試験結果が得られている。Therefore, the sterilization and algicidal operations of the seawater can be sufficiently performed over the entire area, and the seawater in the closed sea area can be maintained in an aerobic environment. For example, as shown in FIG.
A test result has been obtained in which the value obtained by subtracting the amount of (B) pheo pigment from the amount of (A) chlorophyll a represents the survival amount of algae, and this value is suppressed.
【００３０】また、海水中の塩化ナトリウムを利用して
残留塩素を生成しているので、従来における残留塩素を
発生させるための次亜塩素酸ナトリウム，次亜塩素酸カ
リウム等の薬が不要になり、コストダウンを図ることが
できる。そのランニングコストは従来技術の１／１００
程度となっている。Further, since residual chlorine is generated by using sodium chloride in seawater, conventional chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite and potassium hypochlorite for generating residual chlorine are not required. Thus, costs can be reduced. Its running cost is 1/100 of the conventional technology
It has become about.
【００３１】なお、本実施例においては、閉鎖性海域と
して泊地を挙げて説明しているが、大規模海水プールや
マリーナ、或いは内湾にも適用できる。In the present embodiment, the description is made by taking a stay as a closed sea area. However, the present invention can be applied to a large-scale seawater pool, a marina, or an inner bay.
【００３２】[0032]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によれば、海
水を電気分解することにより塩素ガスを発生させると同
時に、散気装置からの気泡の上昇により塩素ガスを海水
の全域に亘って攪拌し、海水の全域に残留塩素を簡単に
かつ自動的に拡散させ、この残留塩素により、海水の殺
菌，殺藻をその全域に亘って行なうことができる。As described above, according to the present invention, chlorine gas is generated by electrolyzing seawater and, at the same time, chlorine gas is stirred over the entire area of seawater by rising bubbles from the air diffuser. Then, the residual chlorine is easily and automatically diffused in the entire area of the seawater, and the residual chlorine enables the sterilization and algicidal treatment of the seawater to be performed over the entire area.
【００３３】また、常に、残留塩素濃度検出器で海水中
の残留塩素濃度を監視し、残留塩素濃度制御装置によ
り、その残留塩素濃度を制御しているので、海水中の残
留塩素濃度を所定の濃度に保ことができる効果を奏す
る。Further, the residual chlorine concentration in the seawater is always monitored by the residual chlorine concentration detector and the residual chlorine concentration is controlled by the residual chlorine concentration control device. It has the effect of being able to keep the concentration.
【００３４】従って、海水の殺菌，殺藻操作をその全域
に亘って充分に行ない、閉鎖性海域の海水を好気的環境
に保つことができる。また、海水中の塩化ナトリウムを
利用して残留塩素を生成しているので、従来における残
留塩素を発生させるための次亜塩素酸ナトリウム，次亜
塩素酸カリウム等の薬が不要になり、コストダウンを図
ることができる。Therefore, the sterilization and algicidal operations of the seawater can be sufficiently performed over the entire area, and the seawater in the closed sea area can be maintained in an aerobic environment. In addition, since residual chlorine is generated using sodium chloride in seawater, conventional chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite and potassium hypochlorite for generating residual chlorine are not required, and costs are reduced. Can be achieved.
【図１】本発明の実施例に係わる海水清浄装置の構成図
である。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a seawater purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本実施例の効果の説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an effect of the present embodiment.
２ 陽電極 ３ 陰電極 ４ 直流定電圧電流装置 ６ 残留塩素センサ ７ 残留塩素分析計 ８ 残留塩素濃度制御装置 １３ 散気装置 2 Positive electrode 3 Negative electrode 4 DC constant voltage current device 6 Residual chlorine sensor 7 Residual chlorine analyzer 8 Residual chlorine concentration control device 13 Air diffuser
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｃ０２Ｆ 1/76 Ｃ０２Ｆ 1/76 Ａ (72)発明者 渡辺 寛子 東京都江東区南砂２丁目５番14号 株式 会社竹中工務店技術研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 平６−153744（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平１−168224（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭54−166500（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) C02F 1/46 C02F 1/50 - 1/50 560 C02F 1/76 A01K 61/00 - 63/06 B63B 35/00 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification code FI C02F 1/76 C02F 1/76 A (72) Inventor Hiroko Watanabe 2-5-14 Minamisuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo Takenaka Corporation (56) References JP-A-6-153744 (JP, A) JP-A-1-168224 (JP, A) JP-A-54-166500 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl 7, DB name) C02F 1/46 C02F 1/50 -. 1/50 560 C02F 1/76 A01K 61/00 - 63/06 B63B 35/00
Claims (1)
陰電極と、 陽電極と陰電極に電流を供給する電源と、 海水中に陽電極の下方に位置して設けられ、海水中に気
泡を供給する散気装置と、 海水中の残留塩素を検出する残留塩素濃度検出器と、 残留塩素濃度検出器に接続され、残留塩素濃度が設定濃
度より小さい場合に電源に出力命令を出す残留塩素濃度
制御装置とを備えていることを特徴とする海水清浄装
置。1. A positive electrode and a negative electrode disposed opposite to each other in seawater, a power supply for supplying current to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and provided in the seawater below the positive electrode. An air diffuser that supplies air bubbles to the water, a residual chlorine concentration detector that detects residual chlorine in seawater, and a residual chlorine concentration detector that issues an output command to the power supply when the residual chlorine concentration is smaller than the set concentration A seawater purification device comprising a residual chlorine concentration control device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33325492A JP3169458B2 (en) | 1992-12-14 | 1992-12-14 | Seawater purifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33325492A JP3169458B2 (en) | 1992-12-14 | 1992-12-14 | Seawater purifier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06178982A JPH06178982A (en) | 1994-06-28 |
| JP3169458B2 true JP3169458B2 (en) | 2001-05-28 |
Family
ID=18264055
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP33325492A Expired - Fee Related JP3169458B2 (en) | 1992-12-14 | 1992-12-14 | Seawater purifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3169458B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0604336B1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2014-06-10 | Andre Luiz Cirne Silva | Electrochemical ballast or saline water treatment reactor and ballast or saline water treatment system using electrochemical reactor |
-
1992
- 1992-12-14 JP JP33325492A patent/JP3169458B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06178982A (en) | 1994-06-28 |
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