JP3159751U - Brass instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

Since no rectifying resistance is generated in the air flowing through a pipe valve mechanism of a brass instrument, the feeling of blowing is constant in any operating state of the piston valve at the time of playing, and an accurate sounding sound is obtained. be able to. When valve casings fitted with a plurality of pistons of a piston valve mechanism of a brass instrument are arranged at predetermined intervals, the outer surfaces of the valve casings adjacent to each other are formed in a joint portion formed by direct contact with each other. An external communication pipe is provided, and the central axis of the external communication pipe is eccentric within a range of 1.0 mm to 3.00 mm with respect to the central axis of the valve casing. An internal communication pipe provided in the piston is formed on the same plane parallel to the axis of the piston, and both ends of the internal communication pipe of the piston are connected to the external communication pipe of the valve casing. I made it. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  This invention relates to the improvement of a brass instrument piston mechanism.

  In general, a piston valve mechanism of a brass instrument moves a columnar piston up and down inside a cylindrical pipe called a valve casing, thereby switching the pipe line and changing the entire length of the pipe line, thereby increasing the pitch of the sound. It is going to be changed. Inside the piston, usually three communicating pipes are arranged in the vertical direction. When the piston is not operated, air passes through the lower communicating pipe, while when the piston is pushed down, The middle communication pipe is connected to the bypass pipe disposed in the valve casing, and the entire length of the pipe is changed.

  In the case of a brass valve piston valve, the most common form is a so-called three valve in which each piston valve has a detour pipe having a different length. In this case, when the piston called No. 1 piston is actuated, the whole sound distribution line is extended, when the No. 2 piston is actuated, the half sound distribution line is extended, and when the No. 3 piston is actuated, the whole sound half line is extended. Is done.

In the case of a trumpet, each valve casing of such a piston valve mechanism is disposed at a position that is the center of the pipe line at a predetermined interval.
The first piston is accommodated in the first valve casing, the second piston is accommodated in the second valve casing, and the third piston is accommodated in the third valve casing. The first valve casing and the second valve casing, and the second valve casing and the third valve casing are respectively connected by an external communication pipe.

  An internal communication pipe is provided inside each piston, and the shortest air flow path is provided by the external communication pipe of each valve casing and the internal communication pipe of each piston in a state where none of the pistons is operated. Is formed.

  The first valve casing is provided with a first bypass pipe, the second valve casing is provided with a second bypass pipe, and the third valve casing 3 is provided with a third bypass pipe. Has been arranged. Each valve casing is provided with an upper lid and a bottom lid. A compression coil spring is accommodated in the bottom of each valve casing, and always urges each piston upward. The pistons are operated by pressing a piston shaft connected to the pistons.

  Each said valve casing is arrange | positioned so that it may become standard valve casing width | variety L (for example, 73 mm), and the standard space | interval of the said pressing metal will be 24 mm. And each valve casing is mutually connected by the connection member, and the fixed position is maintained.

  According to such a configuration of the conventional example, since the external communication pipe of each valve casing and the internal communication pipe of each piston are adopted as curved pipes, the air flow path is bent so that it is twisted. It becomes a rectifying resistance against the air flow, and turbulence is generated.

  That is, a pipe formed by the external communication pipe and the internal communication pipe is bent in the horizontal direction and bent in the vertical direction. Therefore, in actuality, since both the folds are in a combined state, the pipe is a three-dimensionally bent pipe. As a result, the pipe line is largely bent at the connecting portion between the external communication pipe and the internal communication pipe, and this portion has been a factor that hinders the flow of air.

  Some piston valve mechanisms intended to solve such problems employ a straight pipe as the external communication pipe (for example, Patent Document 1). Even in this case, since the internal communication pipe of each piston is a curved pipe, the air flow in this portion is curved. In addition, since the openings of the external communication pipe and the internal communication pipe do not exactly match and a step is generated, there has been a serious problem that a smoothly continuous pipeline with a constant inner diameter cannot be desired.

  JP-A-49-107222

  In the conventional brass instrument of the piston valve mechanism including such a problem, the standing wave generated in the pipe is affected, so that the acoustic energy is reduced and the occurrence of squealing unevenness is caused. That is, in the brass instrument, the air in the pipeline vibrates and generates sound. In this case, the inner diameter of the pipeline must be constant. However, when a rectifying resistance is generated in the air flow in the pipe line or the inner diameters are not uniform as in the conventional example, the standing wave of the air in the pipe line is disturbed and the intended sound cannot be obtained.

  Conventionally, the external communication pipe 7 is connected to this. Therefore, when the pistons of the three valve casings are actuated in various ways, the external communication pipes interfere with each other, and the standing wave is affected. This is because the individually separated valve casings are connected only by the connecting members, so that the structural rigidity is low and the valve casings easily resonate.

  As is clear from the above, if the conduit formed by the external communication pipe and the internal communication pipe is smoothly continuous with a constant inner diameter and the structural rigidity of the valve casing is high, The problem can be solved.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above problems by means described below. That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a piston valve mechanism in which a plurality of valve casings containing pistons are arranged at predetermined intervals in a pipe of a brass instrument, and the piston is operated by operating the piston. It is a brass instrument whose length is changed,
An external communication pipe is disposed at a joint formed by contacting the outer surfaces of the valve casings adjacent to each other directly when arranged at a predetermined interval, and the central axis of the external communication pipe is defined as the central axis of the valve casing. And an internal communication pipe provided in the piston is formed on the same plane parallel to the axis of the piston, and the internal communication of the piston Both ends of the pipe are connected to the external communication pipe of the valve casing.

  As explained in detail above, according to the piston valve mechanism of the present invention, it is possible to enlarge the outer diameter of the piston while maintaining the operability of the valve by setting the overall width of the valve casing to the same size as the conventional one. It becomes. As a result, the curvature of the internal communication pipe in the piston can be increased, the inner diameter is constant, the curved portion is loose, and a smooth circular path is formed. Moreover, the connection between the external communication pipe and the internal communication pipe The bend can be prevented from occurring in the portion, and the intended blowing sound with no squealing unevenness can be obtained without disturbing the standing wave of the air in the duct, so that the feeling of blowing can be improved.

  In addition, since the adjacent outer surfaces of the valve casing that accommodates the piston are in direct contact with each other, the valve casing is integrated so that mechanical rigidity is improved and resonance is prevented. Can do. Since the external connection pipe is arranged at the joint of the valve casing, the conventional external communication pipe provided so as to be derived from the valve casing can be eliminated, and the problem of interference can be solved. did it.

  As described above, according to the brass instrument employing the piston valve mechanism constructed according to the present invention, no rectifying resistance is generated in the air flowing through the pipeline, so that the sensation of playing in any operating state of the piston valve during blowing This produces the effects peculiar to the present invention.

It is a bottom plan view of the piston valve mechanism according to the present invention. It is a side view of the piston valve mechanism of FIG. It is a bottom plan view showing another example of a piston valve mechanism according to the present invention. It is a side view of the piston valve mechanism of FIG.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a pipe line in a state where the bottom surface of a piston valve mechanism embodying the present invention is viewed from above. The valve casing width L shown in the figure in this embodiment is a standard dimension (73 mm) suitable for the performer to hold with the left hand, and the interval of the presser 17 operated with the right finger is also a standard dimension (24 mm). It is assumed that

  Reference numeral 1 denotes a first valve casing, reference numeral 2 denotes a second valve casing, and reference numeral 3 denotes a third valve casing. As described above, each dimension is assumed to be the same as the conventional one. 2 and 3 are formed with a relatively large diameter as compared with the conventional valve casing. Thereby, the adjacent outer surfaces of the valve casings 1, 2, 3 can be joined to each other and integrated by welding or the like. Or you may make it employ | adopt the thing integrated by mold forming etc. previously.

  A first piston 4 is accommodated in the first valve casing 1, a second piston 5 is accommodated in the second valve casing 2, and a third piston 6 is accommodated in the third valve casing 3. As described above, since the diameter of each valve casing 1, 2, 3 is large, the outer periphery of each piston 4, 5, 6 is determined so as to coincide with the inner periphery thereof. Become

  In each of the valve casings 1, 2, 3, external communication pipes 7, 8, 9, 10 are arranged at positions on the same plane 21 parallel to the piston axes of the pistons 4, 5, 6. . Here, the external communication pipe 8 is disposed in the joint portion where the thickness of the valve casings 1 and 2 is increased, and the external communication pipe 9 is disposed in the joint portion where the thickness of the valve casings 2 and 3 is increased. To do. Therefore, in the present invention, the conventional external communication pipe, which was a separate member, is eliminated, and the external communication pipes 8 and 9 are arranged inside the valve casings 1, 2, and 3. The central axis 9 is eccentric with respect to the central axis of the valve casings 1 and 2 within a range of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm.

Since the external communication pipes 8 and 9 are arranged in this way, the internal communication pipes 11, 12, and 13 arranged in the pistons 4, 5, 6 are also piston shafts of the pistons 4, 5, 6. Are formed on the same plane 21 that is parallel to the surface.
In the prototype example of the piston valve mechanism based on this embodiment, the inner diameter of each communication pipe is 11.65 mm, the outer diameter of the piston is 19.2 mm, the outer diameter of the valve casing is 25.0 mm, Although the stroke is set to 16.5 mm, it is not limited to such a dimension and can be changed as appropriate.

  Since the external communication pipes 7, 8, 9, 10 and the internal communication pipes 11, 12, and 13 are arranged in this way, the pipe line does not bend at all in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. The openings of the communication pipes 7, 8, 9, and 10 and the internal communication pipes 11, 12, and 13 are exactly aligned, and no step is generated. Since the outer diameters of the pistons 4, 5, and 6 are enlarged, the degree of bending of the internal communication pipes 11, 12, and 13 becomes gentle as shown in FIG. 2 (see FIG. 1A).

Therefore, as shown by hatching based on the actual curvature in FIG. 2, the pipe has a loose and smooth curve, and does not bend so that the air flow path twists as in the prior art. Since the cross-sectional shape is a continuous circle, there is no turbulence in the air flow.
In addition, since the outer diameter of each piston 4, 5, 6 has been expanded, the upper and middle internal communication pipes can also have a much larger curvature than conventional small-diameter pistons, making them looser and smoother. A simple pipe line can be formed, and even when each piston 4, 5, 6 is operated, air can be smoothly fed into the bypass pipe.

  Thus, according to the configuration of the present invention, the pipe formed by the external communication pipes 7, 8, 9, 10 and the internal communication pipes 11, 12, 13 is completely bent in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. Instead, it is only gently bent in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. Therefore, since only two-dimensional folds in the vertical direction are provided, it is necessary to prevent bending of the pipe line at the connecting portion of the external communication pipes 7, 8, 9, 10 and the internal communication pipes 11, 12, and 13. It was possible to eliminate the factors that obstruct the air flow.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which is a state in which the bottom surface of the piston valve mechanism is looked down, and is an explanatory view schematically showing a pipeline. This figure shows a trumpet having a current general configuration, and the third bypass pipe 16 is arranged in the same direction as the external communication pipes 7, 8, and 9.
This is the same as the external communication pipes 7, 8, and 9, in which the third bypass pipe 16 is disposed on the same plane 21 parallel to the piston axes of the pistons 4, 5, and 6. The internal communication pipe 13 of the third piston 6 connecting the 3 bypass pipe 16 and the external communication pipe 9 can be a straight pipe.

  Since it comprised in this way, as shown in FIG. 4 (FIG. 3A view), only the internal communication pipes 11 * 12 become the part which curves gently and smoothly, and it can further reduce possibility that a turbulent flow will occur. . Although there are trumpets in which the position of the first bypass pipe 14 is different, in such a case, the external communication pipe 7 is not necessarily provided on the same plane 21 parallel to the piston axes of the pistons 4, 5, 6. do not have to.

  As described above, according to the brass instrument employing the piston valve mechanism constructed according to the present invention, no rectifying resistance is generated in the air flowing through the pipe line, so that the sensation of playing in any operating state of the piston valve at the time of blowing. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a sound with a constant and accurate pitch, and to increase the range of use of brass instruments.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... 1st valve casing 2 ... 2nd valve casing 3 ... 3rd valve casing 4 ... 1st piston 5 ... 2nd piston 6 3rd piston 7 External communication tube 8 External communication tube 9 External communication tube 10 External communication tube 11 Internal communication tube 12 ... Internal communication pipe 13 ... Internal communication pipe 14 ... First bypass pipe 15 ... Second bypass pipe 16 ... Third bypass pipe 17 ... Pusher 18・ ・ ・ ・ Piston shaft 19 ・ ・ ・ ・ Top lid 20 ・ ・ ・ ・ Bottom lid 21 ・ ・ ・ ・ Plane parallel to piston axis

Claims (1)

A brass instrument that is provided with a piston valve mechanism in which a plurality of valve casings containing pistons are arranged at predetermined intervals in a conduit of a brass instrument, and the length of the conduit is changed by operating the piston. Yes,
An external communication pipe is disposed at a joint formed by contacting the outer surfaces of the valve casings adjacent to each other directly when arranged at a predetermined interval, and the central axis of the external communication pipe is defined as the central axis of the valve casing. And eccentric within a range of 1.0 mm to 3.00 mm,
The internal communication pipe provided in the piston is formed on the same plane parallel to the axis of the piston, and both ends of the internal communication pipe of the piston are connected to the external communication pipe of the valve casing. A brass instrument characterized by that.

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