JP3148265B2 - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, many air conditioners using a refrigeration cycle have been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-94748
The air conditioner disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H11-15064 detects the temperature behind the evaporator in order to cope with fluctuations in the air conditioning load, and makes the capacity of the compressor variable. In addition, as air conditioning by detecting skin temperature,
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-27904, the set temperature is corrected based on the skin temperature, and the number of revolutions of the compressor is controlled accordingly. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-37642, the environmental temperature is corrected based on the skin temperature. Temperature and compressor on / off control.

[0003]

However, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-62
In the air conditioner disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 94748, no consideration is given to the thermal sensation, and in the devices disclosed in other publications, no consideration is given to the unsteady state. From the viewpoint of power saving of the refrigeration cycle in the air conditioner, it was not enough.

[0004] It is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner capable of securing a warm feeling in an unsteady state and saving power.

[0005]

As shown in FIG. 1, an index that leads to a power saving effect is ΔTs (difference between the current skin temperature Ts and a target skin temperature Ts ′ in a steady state that produces a warm feeling),
Ts (absolute value of skin temperature) and ΔTsa (difference between current skin temperature and skin temperature in previous sampling) are used.

That is, the relationship between the warm feeling and the skin temperature is expressed by the skin temperature and its rate of change as shown in equation (1).

[0007]

S = K ₁ · Ts + K ₂ · Tsa + C (1) where S is a warmth (a numerical value of a human's sense of warmth, with the plus side being hot and the minus side being cold) Yes), Ts
Is the current skin temperature, Tsa is the skin temperature change rate, K ₁ and K ₂
Is a coefficient and C is a constant.

When cooling is considered from the equation (1), the change in skin temperature for keeping a person 's warm feeling constant becomes a curve falling to the right as shown in FIG. 1, and finally ΔTsa = 0. And stabilize at a certain skin temperature. The skin temperature at this time becomes the steady-state target skin temperature Ts' when the index ΔTs is obtained. FIG. 2 shows three index changes when air conditioning is performed to keep a person 's thermal sensation constant during cooling.

Each of the indices has a downward-sloping curve, and Ts is T
At s ′, ΔTs and ΔTsa approach “0”. Further, in order to obtain these changes (to keep the thermal sensation constant), as shown in FIG. 3, the capacity of the air conditioner has a high-low performance at the beginning and a low performance at a low performance in a steady state. . In other words, each index is related to the required ability to create a warm feeling and can be used as a criterion.

[0010] Considering the change of these indices during cooling and heating, as shown in FIG. 4, ΔTs and ΔTsa show changes approaching “0” with time, and as shown in FIG.
s is a change approaching Ts'. When the required capacity of the air conditioner is similarly arranged by each index, as shown in FIG.
s and ΔTsa are centered on “0”, and as shown in FIG. 7, as Ts increases around Ts ′, the cooling capacity increases as the value increases, and the heating capacity increases as the value increases toward the negative side. It becomes a form. Factors related to power in creating the necessary capacity to achieve this person 's warmth include the capacity and speed of the compressor.

Therefore, the invention of claim 1 provides a blower for introducing indoor or outdoor air into a duct and blowing the air into the room, a heat exchanger disposed in the duct, and a refrigeration cycle together with the heat exchanger. With low capacity and low rotational speed
At least one of the compressor is variable, skin temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of human skin in the room ,
A heat load detecting means for detecting at least one of the heat loads;
At least the outside temperature and solar radiation detected by the load detection means
The target skin temperature of the person in the room based on
The target skin temperature determining means for constant, the hand detecting skin temperature to the skin temperature detecting means the target skin temperature determining means
The air conditioner comprises a control means for reducing at least one of the capacity and the number of revolutions of the compressor as the skin temperature approaches the target skin temperature determined in the above.
The invention of claim 2 introduces indoor or outdoor air into the duct.
Blower to blow out indoors and placed in the duct
And a refrigeration cycle together with the heat exchanger.
Compression with variable capacity and / or rotation speed
Temperature detector that detects the temperature of human skin in the room
Output means and the current temperature detected by the skin temperature detection means.
Skin that calculates the deviation between the skin temperature and the skin temperature immediately before it
Temperature deviation calculating means and the skin temperature deviation calculating means
As the deviation presented approaches zero, the capacity of the compressor
And control means for reducing at least one of the number of rotations.
The gist of which is an air conditioner characterized by having
It is.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF] According to the first aspect, the control means detects skin temperature is the target skin temperature determined by the skin temperature detecting means
As the target skin temperature determined by the means is approached, at least one of the capacity and the number of revolutions of the compressor is reduced. This
Target skin temperature is at least one of
Is determined based on the indoor heat load.
A more comfortable skin temperature control is realized. Also, such skin
Realization of temperature control saves power as an air conditioner
You. According to the configuration of claim 2, the control means is configured to control the skin temperature deviation.
As the deviation calculated by the difference calculation means approaches 0,
Reduce at least one of the capacity and speed of the compressor
You. This deviation is the current value detected by the skin temperature detection means.
Is calculated from the skin temperature of the skin and the skin temperature immediately before it,
Skin temperature is in the most stable state, deviation is 0
Control, skin temperature control is more comfortable.
You. In addition, by realizing such skin temperature control, air conditioners
Power saving.

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 8, a vehicle 1 is provided with an air conditioning unit 2. The air conditioning unit 2 is provided with a duct 3 and an inside / outside air switching device 4 for selectively introducing indoor air or outdoor air. Further, a blower 5 is provided in the air conditioning unit 2, and by driving the blower 5, inside air or outside air is introduced into the duct 3. An evaporator 6 as a heat exchanger is arranged in the duct 3, and a heater core 7 to which engine cooling water is supplied is arranged downstream of the evaporator 6. The air is cooled by passing the air through the evaporator 6, and is heated by the air passing through the heater core 7. The ratio between the amount of air passing through the evaporator 6 and the amount of air passing through the heater core 7 is adjusted by the opening of the air mix damper 8. further,
The air conditioning unit 2 has a vent outlet 9 and the like, and air passing through the evaporator 6 and the heater core 7 is blown into the vehicle interior from the vent outlet 9 and the like.

A microcomputer (hereinafter referred to as a microcomputer) 10 as a control means includes an outside air temperature sensor 1
1. A signal from a solar radiation sensor 12, a switch panel 13, an internal temperature sensor 14, and an infrared skin temperature sensor 15 as a skin temperature detecting means is input. The infrared skin temperature sensor 15 is an infrared detection type sensor that detects the skin temperature from the face of the occupant M without contact, and the microcomputer 10 detects the occupant M's skin temperature based on a signal from the sensor 15. The blower 5, the air mix damper 8, and the compressor 16 are connected to the microcomputer 10. The compressor 16 is provided with the evaporator 6.
Together, they constitute a component of the refrigeration cycle, and the capacity and the rotation speed of the compressor 16 are variable. Then, the microcomputer 10 controls the amount of air blown by the blower 5, the opening degree of the air mix damper 8, the capacity of the compressor 16, and the number of revolutions.

FIG. 9 shows a memory 10a of the microcomputer 10.
Is stored. In other words, the horizontal axis represents ΔTs (the difference between the current skin temperature Ts and the target skin temperature Ts ′ in a steady state that creates a warm feeling), and the vertical axis represents the air mix damper 8.
, The capacity of the compressor 16 and the number of revolutions of the compressor 16, and ΔTs is divided into five regions. In the A / M damper control region Z1 of (ΔTs) a to (ΔTs) b with ΔTs sandwiching “0”, the capacity of the compressor 16 is the minimum value, the rotation speed of the compressor 16 is the minimum value, and , The opening degree of the air mix damper 8 takes a value that achieves the target blowing temperature. Further, in the capacity control area Z2 of (ΔTs) b to (ΔTs) c where ΔTs is larger on the cooling side than the A / M damper control area Z1, the rotation speed of the compressor 16 is the minimum value and the air mix damper 8 Is the cooling-side maximum value, and the capacity of the compressor 16 takes a value directly proportional to ΔTs. Also, ΔT
s is larger on the cooling side than capacity control area Z2 (ΔTs)
In the rotation speed control region Z3 of c to (ΔTs) d, the compressor 1
6 is the maximum value, the opening of the air mix damper 8 is the maximum value on the cooling side, and the rotation speed of the compressor 16 is ΔT
It takes a value directly proportional to s. Further, in a region Z4 where ΔTs is larger on the cooling side than the rotation speed control region Z3, the compressor 1
6 is the maximum value, the capacity of the compressor 16 is the maximum value, and the opening of the air mix damper 8 is the maximum value on the cooling side. In the fifth zone Z5 in which the air mix damper 8 is on the heating side from the heating-side maximum value, the compressor 16 is turned off because circulation of the refrigerant is unnecessary.

As described above, the map of FIG. 9 shows, for example, a case where the compressor 16 has an 80% capacity and the maximum rotation speed, and a case where the compressor 10 has a capacity of 10%.
Even if there is a difference in power at the same capacity between 0% and 80% of rotation, this index difference cannot be determined by each index. Therefore, the zones Z2 and Z3 that independently control the factors of the rotation speed and the capacity are created. Then, when the maximum is reached in that area, the use ability is improved in combination with other factors.

Next, the operation of the thus configured vehicle air conditioner will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
FIG. 11 shows the change in skin temperature at this time. In step 100, the microcomputer 10 receives the detection signal from each sensor and takes in the skin temperature Ts, the outside air temperature Tam, the amount of solar radiation ST, and the like.
Then, in step 101, the microcomputer 10 obtains the target thermal sensation S ', the target skin temperature Ts', and the ΔTs by the following equations.

[0018]

S ′ = K1 · Trint + K2 · Tam + K3 · ST + C, where K1, K2, K3, and C are constants, Trin is the vehicle interior temperature at the start of air conditioning (initial value), Tam is the outside air temperature, and S
T is solar radiation.

[0019]

Ts' = (S'-C) / K1, where K1 and C are constants.

[0020]

ΔTs = Ts−Ts ′, where Ts is the current skin temperature of the occupant, and Ts ′ is the steady-state skin temperature that achieves the target warmth. At this time, as the target thermal sensation S ′, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, a comfortable thermal sensation is obtained by the outside air temperature Tam.
Corrected to the negative side (cool side) by T.

Next, the microcomputer 10 determines in step 102
The air volume V is determined based on Ts and the air volume pattern shown in FIG. Further, the microcomputer 10 determines in step 103
Then, the control factor is determined from the map of FIG. In other words, it is determined which region ΔTs is at that time. Further, the microcomputer 10 obtains the rotation speed and capacity of the compressor 16 corresponding to ΔTs at that time from the map of FIG.
Further, the opening degree of the air mix damper 8 (whether the maximum value during heating or the maximum value during cooling or outside the control range) is determined.

Then, the microcomputer 10 determines whether or not it is within the control range Z1 of the air mix damper 8 in step 104, and if it is in the A / M damper control area Z1, step 1 is executed.
The opening degree (control amount) of the air mix damper 8 at 05 to 108
Is calculated. That is, in step 105, the target skin temperature change Tsa 'is calculated from the following equation.

[0023]

Tsa ′ = {S ′ − (K1 · Ts + C)} / K2 Next, in step 106, the target vehicle compartment temperature Ta for generating the target skin temperature change Tsa ′ under the air flow V is calculated. In the present embodiment, the human body in the vehicle interior is modeled in advance, and the relationship between the vehicle interior temperature Ta and the skin temperature change Tsa ′ under the vehicle interior environment that changes according to the amount of solar radiation and the amount of air blow is simulated. Target compartment temperature T for generating target skin temperature change Tsa 'based on
a is calculated. Then, in step 107, a target outlet temperature Ta0 for realizing the target compartment temperature Ta is calculated,
In step 108, the opening degree of the air mix damper 8 at which the target blow-out temperature Ta0 for achieving the target vehicle compartment temperature Ta is calculated.

Thereafter, the microcomputer 10 outputs each command value (the opening degree of the air mix damper 8, the capacity of the compressor 16, the number of revolutions of the compressor 16) in step 109. As a result, in FIG. 11, at the timing of t0, ΔTs0 is larger than (ΔTs) d in FIG. 9, so that all the controlled objects (damper opening, capacity, rotation speed) take the maximum value. This state is ΔTs1 =
It continues until the timing (t1) in FIG.

Thereafter, by repeating the control, Δ
Ts decreases. And, from t1 to t2, the compressor 16
Temperature control is performed by controlling the number of rotations of (ΔTs2 = (ΔT
s) c) During t2 to t3, temperature control is performed by controlling the capacity of the compressor 16 (ΔTs3 = (ΔTs) b), and after t3, temperature control is performed by controlling the opening of the air mix damper 8.

As described above, in this embodiment, the skin temperature sensor 15 (skin temperature detecting means) for detecting the occupant's skin temperature in the passenger compartment is provided, and the microcomputer 10 (control means) uses the skin temperature sensor 15 to detect the occupant's skin temperature. Achieves a comfortable steady-state target temperature sensation. The capacity and the number of revolutions of the compressor 16 are reduced as the steady-state target skin temperature is approached.
As a result, it is possible to secure a sense of warmth in an unsteady state and to save power.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the index that leads to the power saving effect is ΔTs
In addition to (the difference between the current skin temperature Ts and the target skin temperature Ts' at the time of steady state that produces a feeling of warmth), Ts (absolute value of skin temperature) and △ Tsa (current skin temperature and the value of the previous sampling) (Difference from skin temperature) may be used. When Ts is used, the skin temperature Ts in step 100 of FIG. 10 is used as it is, and when ΔTsa is used, the skin temperature Tsn _-1 immediately before sampling is used to obtain the following equation.

[0028]

[6] ΔTsa = Ts _n -Ts _n-1 Further, since the priority of the rotational speed control and capacity control of the compressor 16 to which the power is changed by the specification of the compressor 16, the one to be power saving by the system The priority should be given. That is, Z3 in FIG. 9 is a capacity control area, and Z2 is a rotation speed control area.

Further, in the above embodiment, the displacement and the rotation speed are controlled by using the compressor 16 having the variable capacity and the rotation speed. However, the displacement control is performed by using the compressor having the variable capacity and the rotation speed. The number of rotations may be controlled using a compressor whose number is variable. Further, the skin temperature of the occupant may be detected by a pseudo skin temperature sensor instead of the infrared skin temperature sensor 15.

[0030]

As described in detail above, according to the invention described in each of the claims , more comfortable skin temperature control can be realized.
Air conditioning by realizing such skin temperature control
Power saving can be achieved as a device.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining ΔTs, Ts, △ Tsa.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing transition of ΔTs, Ts, and △ Tsa.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a transition of required capacity.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing transition of ΔTs and △ Tsa.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a transition of Ts.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between ΔTs, ΔTsa and the required air conditioning capacity.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between Ts and the required air conditioning capacity.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle air conditioner of an embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a map for air conditioning.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a flowchart.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing changes in skin temperature.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a relationship between an outside air temperature and a feeling of warmth.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between ΔTs and the amount of air blow.

[Explanation of symbols]

3 duct, 6 evaporator as heat exchanger, 10 microcomputer as control means, 15 skin temperature sensor as skin temperature detecting means, 16 compressor.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Yosuke Taniguchi 41 Toyota Chuo Research Institute, Inc. 41 at Yokomichi 1 Toyota Central Research Laboratory Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-63-99449 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B60H 1/32 624 B60H 1 / 00 101

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A room or outdoor air constitute a blower that blows into the room is introduced into the duct, and a heat exchanger disposed in said duct, the refrigeration cycle with the heat exchanger, capacity and times < a compressor having at least one of a variable number of rotations, a skin temperature detecting means for detecting a human skin temperature in a room, and a heat load detecting means for detecting at least one of an outside air temperature and an amount of solar radiation.
Means leaving, outside air temperature and solar radiation detected by the thermal load detecting means
Target human skin in the room based on at least one
The target skin temperature determining means for determining the temperature, the hand detecting skin temperature is the eye on the skin temperature detecting means
Approaches the target skin temperature determined by standard skin temperature determining means, at least of the capacity of the compressor and the rotational speed
An air conditioner comprising: control means for reducing one of the air conditioners. 2. Introducing indoor or outdoor air into a duct
A blower that blows out indoors, A heat exchanger arranged in the duct, Construct a refrigeration cycle together with the heat exchanger,
A compressor in which at least one of the number of turns is variable; Skin temperature detecting means for detecting human skin temperature in a room
When, The current skin temperature detected by this skin temperature detecting means and
Skin temperature deviation calculator that calculates the deviation from the skin temperature immediately before
Delivery means, The deviation calculated by the skin temperature deviation calculating means is close to 0.
As a result, the capacity and rotation speed of the compressor
And control means for reducing one of them.
Air conditioner.