JP3131815B2 - Vacuum electric water heater using ceramic heater and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water heater. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electric water heater for hot water supply. In addition, it can be installed in a space-saving and simple manner that is suitable for the late-night power rate regulations, can be adopted in any place where hot water is required, regardless of the type of business, and has the approval of the Occupational Safety and Health Act such as a pressurized boiler. The present invention relates to a vacuum-type electric water heater that does not require the above.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional hot water supply / hot water supply systems include a burner heating system using gas or oil as fuel and an electric heating system. These hot water facilities have a structure in which a boiler or a vacuum boiler and a hot water tank are directly connected via a circulation pipe as shown in FIGS.
A pressure type hot water having a temperature controlled at about 0 ° C. to 65 ° C. and a structure as shown in FIG. 12 having an electric heating sheath heater directly incorporated in the hot water tank and a hot water supply temperature of 85 ° C. to 90 ° C. There is a vessel. The vacuum water heater includes, for example, a Bacotin heater manufactured by Takuma Corporation using a gas or oil burner as a heat source as shown in FIG.

[0003]

Among the conventional hot water facilities, those which combine a boiler and a hot water tank have large installations and are limited in their installation locations, and those which use gas or oil as fuel are subject to the Air Pollution Control Law and the Fire Service Law. There are restrictions and restrictions such as the height of the chimney according to the Building Standards Law, and the pressure type hot water equipment is regulated as a boiler etc. by the Industrial Safety and Health Law, and is inspected at the time of manufacturing and performance inspection about once a year ( Open inspection). Although pressure-type electric water heaters can also avoid the above-mentioned regulations such as the Air Pollution Control Law, the Fire Service Law, and the height of the chimney according to the Building Standards Law, the head pressure of the hot water tank is 10 m because the electric heating sheath heater enters the hot water directly. If the electric capacity of the heater exceeds 160 kW, it is applicable as a boiler, etc. under the Industrial Safety and Health Act, and must be inspected at the time of production and about once a year to be qualified for use. There is a problem that the handling method is stipulated by the operator and that bothers are inevitable to both manufacturers and contractors.
Further, in the conventional electric water heater, a sheathed heater is used as a heating element, so that there is a disadvantage that a large-power one is larger than a device using gas or oil.

[0004] The present invention can be installed in a space-saving manner without being subject to the various laws and regulations and restrictions of the above-mentioned problems, and can be applied to the safe and no risk of pollution and to the economical late-night power rate regulation. It aims to provide a vacuum electric water heater.

[0005]

According to the present invention, the size of the apparatus is reduced by using a ceramic heater 1 for a heating element which is a heat source of an electric water heater, and a heat pipe 17 is used for a heat exchanger for hot water heating. By adopting the thermosiphon heater 2, the hot water supply / hot water tank 27 and the thermosiphon heater 2 can be integrated, so that the heating efficiency can be improved and the size can be reduced, and the space for the construction site can be saved. .
Furthermore, the heat radiating section 7 of the thermosiphon heater 2 and the hot water supply hot water tank
27 hard anodized 15 or far infrared radiation
15 increases mechanical strength and enhances corrosion resistance
be able to.

Further, the heater element is not directly buried in the hot water supply hot water tank 27, and the thermosiphon heater 2
By controlling the temperature of the heat transfer fluid 10 filled in the inside of the device to less than 100 ° C. and further incorporating an overheat prevention safety device 24, the device is not subject to the application as a boiler according to the Industrial Safety and Health Act, and inspection at the time of manufacturing is completed. , handling by about once of sexual tolerance test and qualified personnel years are exempt. Also, to provide a vacuum electric water heater that does not use gas or petroleum fuel and has no restrictions on chimney height according to the Air Pollution Control Law, the Fire Service Law, the Building Standards Law, etc., and can be further applied with electricity charges at midnight. Can be done.

The structure and manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are diagrams of the basic configuration of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the thermosiphon heater 2 and the hot / cold water / hot water tank 27 are connected and integrated by the connecting flange 12, and the ceramic heater 1 is integrated. inserted from the direction of the arrow from the heater mounting hole 3 of the heater mounting flange 6 thermosiphon heater 2 was sealed fixedly mounted in the heater packing 4 and the heater mounting nut 5, mounted overheating prevention safety device 24 to the heater mounting flange 6 I do.

The thermosiphon heater 2 is evacuated and depressurized using a vacuum / heat medium filling valve 8 provided on the heater mounting flange 6 of the thermosiphon heater 2, and a suitable amount of the heat medium liquid 10 is filled and sealed. The hot water tank 27 has a water supply port 22 at the bottom and a water supply port 23 at the top center, and a temperature sensor 25 for water temperature control on the lower side, and is connected to the controller 26 together with the heater wiring and the overheat prevention safety device 24 wiring. .

In the above structure, the thermosiphon heater 2 is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The surface may be configured by applying a hard alumite processing 15 or a far infrared radiation processing 15 or by performing a hard alumite processing 15 and then performing a far infrared radiation processing 15 thereon. Further, the inner surface of the heat pipe 17 of the heat radiating portion 7 of the thermosiphon heater 2 having the above-mentioned basic structure shown in the partially cutaway side view of FIG. 2 and the cross sectional view of FIG. May be provided with a plurality of heat pipes 17 having an outer diameter of 1 to several centimeters, and the surface may be further subjected to hard alumite processing 15 and / or far infrared radiation processing 15. or,
Further, as shown in FIG.
In order to protect the structure, a protective tube 19 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy may be integrally formed with the heater mounting flange 6 so as to be subjected to hard alumite processing 15 and / or far-infrared radiation processing 15. In the above-described structure, the heat pipe 17 of the heat radiating section 7 is not limited to a plurality of cylindrical ones having an outer diameter of several centimeters. Good.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the heat radiating portion 7 has a large cylindrical heat pipe structure, and a plurality of convection through pipes 18 of the heat radiating portion 7 shown in the top view of FIG. It is obvious that if the structure is such that it can flow through in the vertical direction, the heat radiation area can be increased and the heat exchange efficiency due to the convection of water can be further improved. The diameter, length, and number of the heat pipes 17 and the convection through pipes 18 may be designed and provided according to the amount of hot water supply, hot water temperature, and electric heat capacity. The type and amount of the heat medium liquid 10 to be filled in the thermosiphon heater 2 and the filling vacuum pressure may be designed according to the amount of hot water supplied, the amount of hot water stored, and the temperature of hot water.

Next, a method of manufacturing the thermosiphon heater 2 will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, the thermosiphon heater 2 is composed of a heat radiating portion 7 of a heat exchanger composed of an upper heat pipe 17 and a lower ceramic portion. The heater 1 is mounted on a heater mounting flange 6 for mounting the heater 1 and a heating medium liquid storage tank 9 composed of a vacuum and heat medium liquid filling valve 8.
The thermosiphon heater 2 is manufactured by performing a hard alumite processing 15 or a far-infrared radiation processing 15 on each part and then combining them together with a connection flange 12. At this time, the connection flange 12 may be a dual-purpose connection flange 12 for attaching the thermosiphon heater 2 to the hot water supply / hot water supply tank 27. Also, as shown in FIG. 9, a connection flange 12 is provided in the heat medium liquid storage tank 9, and the periphery of the opening of the heat radiating portion 7 is welded and integrated with the connection flange 12 to manufacture the thermosiphon heater 2. Further, the heat radiating portion 7 and the heat medium liquid storage tank 9 of the thermosiphon heater 2 may be manufactured by casting, die casting, or the like, and then subjected to a hard alumite processing 15 and / or a far infrared radiation processing 15. I can do it.

The thermosiphon heater 2 thus produced
If a ceramic heater 1 is attached to the heater and the heating medium liquid 10 is filled by depressurizing the vacuum and filling it as a single unit, the number of units can be increased or decreased according to the capacity of the water heater or the power capacity. Then, it can be attached to the hot water supply hot water tank 27, and a vacuum electric water heater according to the scale can be manufactured.

The thermosiphon heater 2 and the hot water supply / hot water tank 27 are attached to the thermosiphon heater 2 from the manhole 21 provided on the side of the hot water supply / hot water supply tank 27 as shown in FIG.
Is inserted into the connection flange hole 20 of the thermosiphon heater 2 provided at the bottom of the hot water supply / hot water supply tank 27 with the heat medium liquid storage tank 9 facing down, and the hot water is supplied by the connection flange 12 and the connection packing 13. It is mounted on the hot water tank 27 with the mounting bolts 14.

[0014] Also, if the hot-water storage water heater hot water tank 27 to apply the far-infrared paint manufactured in corrosion resistance of metal or heat-resistant reinforced plastic such as stainless steel (FRP), and made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the inner surface hard alumite processing Fifteen
And / or a far-infrared radiation processing 15 may be performed. In each of the hard anodizing treatments 15, a ceramic coating layer of γ-alumina having good far-infrared radiation efficiency may be formed to a thickness of 30 to 50 μm by an anodic oxide coating method or the like. Further, even when the thermosiphon heater 2 and the hot water supply / hot water tank 27 are made of a material other than aluminum or aluminum alloy, for example, iron or copper or an alloy thereof, an aluminum layer is formed by electroplating or electroless plating. Thus, the hard alumite processing 15 can be performed by the above method.

Further, the above-mentioned far-infrared radiation processing
Reference numeral 15 denotes a heat-resistant far-infrared radiation paint according to the material of the thermosiphon heater 2 or the hot water supply / hot water tank 27, such as a 500 ° C heat-resistant high-efficiency far-infrared radiation paint TJ manufactured by Terumo Corporation.
It is preferable to apply P500 or the like, spray-coat a far-infrared radiation ceramic, or form a film of silicon nitride, silicon carbide, or titanium nitride with high far-infrared radiation efficiency, for example, by CVD or PVD. The outer periphery of the vacuum electric water heater assembled in this manner is covered with a heat insulating material 28, and is subjected to a heat insulating process to complete it.

[0016]

[Action] In the vacuum type electric water heater that is configured as described above, in the water supply to full capacity than the water supply port 22 in the hot water storage water heater hot water tank 27, the ceramic heater 1 when put the power switch of the controller 26 is heat transfer fluid 10 is heated to generate a heat medium vapor 11, which diffuses and fills the thermosiphon heater 2. At this time, since the internal pressure of the thermosiphon heater 2 is reduced, the heat medium vapor 11 quickly diffuses and fills the thermosiphon heater 2 even at a low temperature. The filled heat medium vapor 11 radiates heat to the water in the hot / cold hot water tank 27 in the heat radiating section 7 of the heat pipe 17 and exchanges heat to give heat to the water. At the same time, the water is cooled and condensed on the inner wall of the heat pipe 17 or the wick 16 surface. The heat pipe 17
The heat medium liquid storage tank 9 vertically below the inner wall or wick 16 of the
And heated by the ceramic heater 1 to become a heat medium vapor 11. This heating / cooling cycle is the principle of thermosiphon heating. By this cycle operation, the water in the hot water supply / hot water supply tank 27 is heated and becomes hot water, and the temperature is raised or kept warm by the temperature sensor 25 and the controller 26 to store or supply hot water.

The heated or warmed hot water is stored in a hot water supply hot water tank.
Hot water is supplied from a hot water supply port 23 provided on an upper portion of a hot water supply / hot water supply tank 27 by using a pressure supplied from a water supply port 22 provided on a lower portion of the hot water supply tank 27. At this time, the supplied cold water and hot water are not agitated, and the cold water is supplied to the bottom of the hot / cold hot / water tank 27 at the top and separated by the difference in specific gravity, so that it is constant without lowering the hot water temperature. The amount of hot water can be supplied.

[0018] The thermal siphon heater 2 and the hot-water storage water heater hot water tank 27 mechanical strength is increased by applying a hard alumite processing 15 or far-infrared radiation processing 15, Ru can enhance the corrosion resistance. Further increase the heat transfer efficiency and heat exchange efficiency,
Also, by receiving the far-infrared radiation, an active action of hot water also appears.

Structurally, the maximum specified size of the ceramic heater 1 is a column having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 145 mm, a load power density of 21 w / cm 2 and a sheath heater of 3 to 5 mm.
Since it has twice the electric heat capacity, the mounting space is small and it can be designed compact. Also, by providing the protection tube 19 for the ceramic heater 1 as shown in FIG. 4, the ceramic heater 1 can be prevented from being damaged or broken due to a mechanical shock or a temperature difference shock (heat shock). There is an advantage that the work can be directly performed without the heater mounting packing 4 and the work can be performed without leaking the heat medium 10. Further, when the thermosiphon heater 2 is attached to the hot / hot water supply / hot water tank 27 by the above method, the own weight and the water pressure of the thermosiphon heater 2 act on the connection packing 13 to improve the sealing property, and the water leakage preventing effect is high. At the same time, mounting bolts 14 having a small torque can be used, and the assembling work is also facilitated. Furthermore, if the internal pressure of the thermosiphon heater 2 is reduced by vacuum decompression and the temperature of the heat medium liquid 10 is controlled to less than 100 ° C., there is an advantage that there is no legal restriction as a boiler.

[0020]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing an embodiment of the present invention, which is a vacuum electric water heater having a hot water storage capacity of 1800 liters and a ceramic heater capacity of 15 kW. Hot water supply hot water tank 27
Is made of stainless steel and has a diameter of 1000 mm and a height of about 2920 mm. All components of the thermosiphon heater 2 are made of aluminum, and the heat pipe 17 of the heat exchanger has an outer diameter of 2 mm.
As shown in the top view of FIG. 5, 84 pieces having a diameter of 0 mm, an inner diameter of 16 mm, and a length of 700 mm are arranged radially at regular intervals from the center of a connection flange 12 having a diameter of 360 mm, and an outer diameter of 13 mm is attached to a heater mounting flange 6 having an outer diameter of 220 mm. , 15 protective tubes 19 having an inner diameter of 11 mm and a length of 150 mm were provided, hard anodized 15 by an anodizing film method, a 40 μm film of γ-alumina was formed, and the connecting flange 12 was integrated by the connecting method. A thermosiphon heater 2 was manufactured, the ceramic heater 1 was mounted in the same manner, the vacuum and heat medium liquid filling valve 8 was connected to a vacuum pump, and 600 milliliters of distilled water at a vacuum pressure of 50 torr.
Then , the ceramic heater 1 was connected to the controller 26 by star-connecting the ceramic heater 1 to the hot-water supply / hot-water tank 27 by the above method. Further, the entire water heater is covered with a heat insulating material 28, and the water supply port 22 is connected to a faucet to fill the water, and the power switch is turned on.
When the switch was turned on, 1800 liters of hot water at 85 ° C could be stored in about 9 hours during the midnight electricity rate application time zone. It was confirmed that the ceramic heater 1 and the thermosiphon heater 2 were operating normally.

[0021]

According to the present invention, the use of the ceramic heater 1 and the thermosiphon heater 2 makes it possible to produce an electric water heater that is much smaller and more efficient than any conventional water heater having the same hot water supply and hot water supply capacity. It can be installed in a small living space, and it can be installed in a small space.It is not subject to the boiler regulations under the Industrial Safety and Health Law. However, it is clear that sales and construction can be installed anywhere and at any time. Also, hard anodizing processing 15 and far infrared radiation processing
By applying (15), the thermal efficiency is improved, the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance are improved, the durability of the device is improved, and the warm water is activated by efficient far-infrared radiation. Furthermore, since the thermosiphon heater 2 can be manufactured as a unit,
By stocking units of several types of electric capacity, it is possible to easily manufacture a vacuum electric water heater that is suitable for the required nighttime electricity rate by a combination thereof. Or even
It is obvious that the present invention can be applied to small and medium-sized instantaneous water heaters of a wall-mounted type for home use, and it is also applicable to hot water circulating floor heating, for example, for oil fractionation in the chemical industry. The unit can be applied as a heat source.
It is clear that this will make a great contribution to the industry.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view of a basic configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially broken side view of one embodiment of a heat pipe having a wick structure.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a heat pipe having a wick structure.

FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway side view for explaining the installation of a heater protection tube and a ceramic heater.

FIG. 5 is a top view of one embodiment showing an arrangement of heat radiating portion heat pipes.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway side view of an embodiment of the present invention in which a thermosiphon heater provided with a convection through pipe is attached to a heat pipe of a heat radiating unit.

FIG. 7 is a top view of a heat pipe provided with a convection through pipe.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view in which a heat radiating part and a heat medium liquid storage tank are connected by a flange.

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view in which a heat radiating portion and a heat medium liquid storage tank are connected by welding.

FIG. 10 is a schematic conceptual diagram of an example of a conventional gas and oil boiler water heater.

FIG. 11 is a schematic conceptual view of an example of a conventional gas / oil vacuum type boiler water heater.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual schematic diagram of an example of an electric water heater using a conventional sheathed heater.

FIG. 13 is a conceptual schematic diagram of an example of a conventional vacuum water heater using oil or gas.

[Description of Signs] 1 Ceramic heater 2 Thermosiphon heater 3 Heater mounting hole 4 Heater mounting packing 5 Heater mounting nut 6 Heater mounting flange 7 Heat radiating unit 8 Vacuum and heat medium liquid filling valve 9 Heat medium liquid storage tank 10 Heat medium liquid 11 Heat medium vapor 12 Connection flange 13 Connection packing 14 Mounting bolt 15 Hard anodizing and / or far-infrared radiation processing 16 Wick 17 Heat pipe 18 Convection through pipe 19 Protection tube 20 Connection flange hole 21 Manhole 22 Water supply port 23 Hot water supply Mouth 24 Safety device to prevent overheating 25 Temperature sensor 26 Controller 27 Hot water supply / hot water tank 28 Insulation material 29 Degassing pipe 30 Gas reservoir

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Toshio Wakamatsu 1-2-9 Takamicho, Yao-shi, Osaka (56) References Japanese Utility Model Sho-63-55050 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed ( Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F24H 1/18 F28D 15/02

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A ceramic heater for a heating element.
(1) Use the heat radiator of the heat exchanger of the thermosiphon heater (2)
(7) and the heat medium liquid reservoir tank (9) Hard anodized processing (15) and / or far-infrared emitting processing (15) to vacuum-type electric you wherein <br/> it has integrally formed Water heater. 2. The vacuum according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic heater is mounted on the heat medium storage tank of the thermosiphon heater without a heater protection tube. Type electric water heater. 3. A ceramic heater (1) is provided with a hard alumite processing treatment (1) in a heat medium liquid storage tank (9) of a thermosiphon heater (2).
5. The vacuum electric water heater according to claim 1, wherein the water heater is protected and mounted by a protective tube (19) formed by a processing of (5) and / or a far-infrared radiation processing (15). 4. A radiator (7) of a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of heat pipes (17) of a thermosiphon heater (2) or a heat pipe (17) provided with a plurality of convection through pipes (18). ) And a heating medium liquid storage tank (9) composed of a heater mounting flange (6) and a vacuum and heat medium liquid filling valve (8) are separately manufactured,
Connect by bolting or welding with connecting flange (12), assemble together, attach ceramic heater (1), vacuum and depressurize with heat medium liquid filling pulp (8), fill with heat medium liquid (10) and seal To make a thermosiphon heater (2), put it as a unit from the manhole (21) of the hot water supply hot water tank (27), tighten it with the mounting bolt (14) to the connection flange (12), and attach it Concrete methods Ltd. vacuum type electric water heater <br/> according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising Te.