JP3122295U - Heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a heating device that is low in running cost and is environmentally friendly and particularly suitable for a greenhouse.
A kiln (11) is provided with a wood combustion chamber (12) provided with a wood input port (13) for introducing wood and an ash storage chamber (17) for containing ash obtained by burning wood. The wood combustion chamber and the ash storage chamber are partitioned by a perforated plate 16. A heat chamber 22 is provided around the kiln, and a heat duct 23 extends from the heat chamber. An exhaust duct 26 is connected to the exhaust port 25 of the wood combustion chamber to discharge high-temperature exhaust generated by the wood combustion to the outside of the greenhouse. The hot air above the heat duct is taken from the air inlet 32 of the heat feedback duct 24 and supplied to the heat chamber. Waste wood is preferably used for wood as fuel.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a heating device, and more particularly, to a greenhouse heating device for cultivating and / or horticulture shiitake, vegetables, flower buds, etc. in an agricultural / horticultural greenhouse (hereinafter referred to as “plastic greenhouse”) such as a greenhouse.

  Growing and horticulture of shiitake mushrooms, vegetables and flower buds in the greenhouse in the winter has become widespread, but the sealed greenhouse has risen to a considerable temperature during the day on a sunny day. However, after sunset, the temperature inside the greenhouse is rapidly lost due to heat conduction into the ground and heat radiation that passes through the vinyl film, and after a few hours, it becomes almost equal to the outside temperature. For this reason, it is indispensable to heat and maintain the inside of a greenhouse at a temperature necessary for cultivation and cultivation, especially at night in winter. Also, especially in cold and snowy areas such as the Tohoku, Hokkaido, and Hokuriku regions on the Sea of Japan side, there is little sunshine time in winter, so it is necessary to heat the greenhouse even during the daytime.

As a conventional greenhouse heating device, a device that supplies heat generated by burning heavy oil through a duct that extends around the greenhouse is widely used. Moreover, the thing using a geothermal (patent document 1), the thing using a solar heat (patent document 2), etc. are proposed.
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-024208 JP-A-11-075754

  However, a heating device that uses heavy oil as a heat source has a heavy fuel cost as a running cost, and requires maintenance, so that the cost burden is large. There are also concerns about adverse environmental impacts associated with burning heavy oil and further increases in running costs due to the depletion of petroleum energy.

  In addition, geothermal and solar heat can be used for relatively small greenhouses in relatively warm areas, but in practical use in cold and snowy areas such as those exposed to harsh natural environments. Not worth it.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that it has a relatively simple structure, low initial cost and low running cost, and has a new structure for an environmental problem, especially for a greenhouse. The object is to provide a suitable heating device.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention according to claim 1 is provided with an ash storage chamber in which a timber combustion chamber provided with a timber input port for supplying timber is provided at the upper portion and ash obtained by combustion of wood is stored. Is installed in the lower part, the wood combustion chamber and the ash storage chamber are divided by perforated plates, a heat chamber provided around the kiln, and connected to the heat chamber to be heated One or a plurality of heat ducts extending to an arbitrary location in the room and opened at the location, and a chamber to be connected to the exhaust port of the wood combustion chamber of the kiln to heat exhaust generated by burning wood in the wood combustion chamber Exhaust duct for exhausting to the outside, a heat exchanger provided in the exhaust duct to take heat from the exhaust passing through the exhaust duct by heat exchange, and hot air from an air inlet opening above the heat chamber Take They crowded in a heating apparatus characterized by comprising: a thermal feedback duct supplied to the heat chamber.

  The present invention according to claim 2 is the heating device according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger has a hollow cylindrical shape surrounding the exhaust duct, and a peripheral wall portion thereof has a double wall structure. Thus, the double wall structure has a configuration in which water as a refrigerant is accommodated.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the heating device according to the second aspect, wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a steam discharge port that leads from the inside to the outside of the double wall structure, and is generated by burning wood in a wood combustion chamber. Heat exchange is performed by the heat exchanger in the middle of passing the exhaust duct from the exhaust port through the exhaust duct, and steam generated by evaporation of water is discharged from the steam discharge port into the room to be heated to humidify the room. It is characterized by that.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the heating device according to the third aspect, the steam outlet is connected to the heat duct, and the steam is discharged from the opening end of the heat duct to be humidified. .

  The present invention according to claim 5 is the heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an intake fan for actively taking in hot air from the intake port is provided in the heat supply duct. .

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the heating device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, a burner is provided close to the exhaust duct between the exhaust port of the wood combustion chamber and the heat exchanger. The exhaust gas passing through the exhaust duct is heated in order to substantially prevent white smoke from being emitted from the chimney at the tip of the exhaust duct during ignition.

  The present invention according to claim 7 is the heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an ash collection port for collecting ash obtained after burning wood in the wood combustion chamber is provided in the ash storage chamber of the kiln. Is provided, and the recovered ash can be returned to the field as a mineral resource.

  The present invention according to claim 8 is the heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the wood introduced from the inlet into the wood combustion chamber of the kiln is a waste material that can be obtained free of charge or very inexpensively. It is characterized by.

  Since the heating device according to the present invention has a relatively simple structure, the capital investment cost is low, and since wood that can be used as waste material is used as fuel, the running cost is extremely low compared with the heating device using conventional heavy oil. Since the cost is low, the effect of cost reduction is great, especially in cold and snowy areas such as the Tohoku, Hokkaido, and Hokuriku regions on the Sea of Japan side.

  Heat exchange inside the greenhouse using steam generated by evaporation of water by exchanging heat with a heat exchanger while high-temperature exhaust generated by burning wood in the wood combustion chamber passes through the exhaust duct from the exhaust port. At the same time, it can be humidified to a humidity suitable for cultivation and horticulture of agricultural products. When the steam discharge port is connected to the duct, steam obtained by evaporating water in the heat exchanger is discharged from the duct tip through the duct, so that efficient and uniform humidification is performed.

  Since wood is used as fuel, there is no concern about environmental destruction. Using waste as a fuel not only has an effect on cost reduction, but also provides new uses such as industrial waste wood and thinned wood, and has the effect of reducing the tremendous cost and labor involved in the treatment. .

  Ash remaining after burning wood can be recovered and returned to the field as a mineral resource, which promotes effective use of resources without waste.

  A greenhouse heating device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The heating device 10 includes a substantially cylindrical kiln 11. The upper part of the kiln 11 is a wood combustion chamber 12 where wood as fuel is burned. In the upper front surface of the kiln 11, a wood insertion port 13 for introducing wood into the wood combustion chamber 12 is provided. The wood insertion port 13 is provided with a door 14 that can be opened and closed, and is provided with a locking means 15 (which may be of any configuration) for locking the door 14 in a closed state. The capacity of the wood combustion chamber 12 is determined in consideration of the volume of the greenhouse to be heated, the temperature in winter, and the like. For example, it is assumed that about 1.5 square meters of wood can be accommodated.

  A perforated plate 16 such as a grating iron plate is provided on the bottom surface of the wood combustion chamber 12, and defines an ash containing chamber 17 provided at the lower portion of the kiln 11. The opening in the perforated plate 16 is sufficiently smaller than the size of wood (hereinafter referred to as “waste material”) to be put into the wood combustion chamber 12 so that the waste material does not pass through, and the ash obtained after the waste material is burned Is sufficiently large to pass through the ash storage chamber 17 in a sure manner.

  An ash collection port 18 that communicates with the ash storage chamber 17 is provided on the lower front surface of the kiln 11. The ash collection port 18 is provided with a door 19 that can be opened and closed, and is provided with a locking means 20 (which may be of any configuration) for locking the door 19 in a closed state. The door 19 can have the same configuration as the door 14.

  The kiln 11 is accommodated in an outer frame body 21 formed in a box shape having a substantially square cross section, for example, and a heat chamber 22 is formed between them. The heat chamber 22 is a continuous space formed so as to surround each surface except the bottom surface of the kiln 11, that is, the four side surfaces, the top surface, and the front surface (excluding locations where the doors 14 and 19 are installed). In the form, it leads to the heat duct 23 at the upper four corners). Although not shown, these heat ducts 23 extend in an arbitrary direction in the greenhouse H to be heated by the heating device 10, arbitrarily branch, and open at arbitrary locations. Moreover, the lower end of the heat feedback duct 24 described later is opened at an arbitrary position of the heat chamber 22, that is, an arbitrary position on the back side of the kiln 11 in this embodiment.

  An exhaust port 25 is provided at the top of the wood combustion chamber 12 of the kiln 11, and an exhaust duct 26 is connected to the exhaust port 25. The exhaust duct 26 is led out of the greenhouse to be heated by the heating device 10 and connected to the chimney 27.

  A heat exchanger 28 is provided in the exhaust duct 26. The heat exchanger 28 functions to remove heat from the hot exhaust gas passing through the exhaust duct 26 by heat exchange. The heat exchanger 28 used in this embodiment has a hollow cylindrical shape surrounding the exhaust duct 26, and the peripheral wall portion has a double wall structure, and the inside of the double wall structure serves as a refrigerant. This is a water cooling jacket configured as a refrigerant passage 29 through which water circulates. A steam outlet 30 is provided at the top of the heat exchanger or the water cooling jacket 28 so that the steam is discharged to the outside when the water in the refrigerant passage 29 evaporates by heat exchange.

  A burner 31 is provided in the exhaust duct 26 on the upstream side in the exhaust direction (location close to the exhaust port 25) from the position where the heat exchanger 28 is provided. By driving the burner 31, the exhaust discharged from the exhaust port 25 and passing through the exhaust duct 26 can be heated. For example, kerosene is used as a heat source for the burner 31.

  In this embodiment, the above-described thermal feedback duct 24 is erected in the vicinity of the back side of the outer frame body 21, the lower end thereof opens into the heat chamber 22, and the upper end thereof is directed upward from the outer frame body 21. The lower end side of the upper end thereof is obliquely cut to form an intake port 32 having a large opening area. That is, the air inlet 32 is open above the kiln 11 and the outer frame body 21 and has an opening area that substantially covers at least a part of the heat exchanger 28. Further, the heat feedback duct 24 is provided with an intake fan 33 for positively and efficiently performing intake from the intake port 32.

  The effect | action of the heating apparatus 10 for greenhouses comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated. First, the upper door 14 on the front surface of the kiln 11 is opened to open the wood charging port 13, and a predetermined amount of wood W is charged into and stored in the wood combustion chamber 12 from here. At this time, the lower door 17 on the front surface of the kiln 11 is closed and locked by the locking means 20. It is preferable to use waste wood, which is industrial waste generated in large quantities at construction sites and the like, so that effective utilization of resources and reduction of running costs can be achieved. Waste materials are generally available free of charge or at a very low price, and are supplied in large quantities and stably regardless of the time.

  Next, the wood put into the wood combustion chamber 12 is ignited and burned, and the door 14 is closed and locked by the lock means 15. Exhaust gas generated by burning wood is discharged from the exhaust port 25 through the exhaust duct 26 and from the chimney 27 to the outside of the greenhouse. Since the exhaust temperature is low immediately after ignition, if it is discharged as it is, white smoke may come out from the chimney 27 and contaminate the surrounding environment. To prevent this, the burner 31 is driven and the exhaust temperature is set to 600 ° C. Raise the temperature to the extent. If the exhaust due to wood combustion exceeds about 600 ° C., white smoke will not be produced even if it is discharged as it is, so the burner 31 is stopped after a reasonable time. Alternatively, a thermometer for measuring the exhaust temperature is provided in the vicinity of the exhaust port 25 or in the exhaust duct 26, and the burner 31 is automatically stopped when the temperature measured by this thermometer reaches a predetermined temperature of about 600 ° C. May be. In any case, since the burner 31 can be driven in a very short time immediately after ignition, the amount of fuel (kerosene, etc.) used is very small, and the cost burden is hardly a problem.

  As wood combustion proceeds, the wood combustion chamber 12 becomes high temperature, the air in the surrounding heat chamber 22 is heated by heat conduction, and the surrounding outside air is further heated. This hot air is taken into the heat feedback 24 from the intake port 32 by the action of the intake fan 33 and sent to the heat chamber 22 to further raise the temperature in the heat chamber 22. Thus, the air in the heat chamber 22 heated to high temperature is discharged from the front end through each heat duct 23, thereby efficiently and uniformly heating the inside of the greenhouse.

  In addition, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the wood combustion in the wood combustion chamber 12 is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 28 while passing through the exhaust duct 26 from the exhaust port 25, and the steam generated by the evaporation of the water 29 is discharged to the steam. Since it ejects upward from the outlet 30, it is possible to heat the inside of the greenhouse and to humidify it to a humidity suitable for cultivation and horticulture of agricultural products and the like. Instead of directly ejecting steam from the steam outlet 30 of the heat exchanger 28 into the greenhouse, when the steam outlet 30 is connected to the duct 23, water is evaporated in the heat exchanger 28. Since steam is discharged from the duct tip through the duct 23, humidification in the greenhouse can be performed efficiently and uniformly.

  The wood burned in the wood combustion chamber 12 falls as ash through the perforated plate 16 and is stored in the ash storage chamber 17. After all of the input wood has been burned, the locking means 20 is unlocked, the door 19 is opened, and the ash accumulated in the ash storage chamber 17 is collected. The ash collected in this way can be returned to the field as a mineral resource, and effective use of resources without waste is promoted.

1 is a side view schematically illustrating a greenhouse heating device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic front view of this greenhouse heating device. It is a schematic plan view of this greenhouse heating device. It is sectional drawing by the IV-IV line in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Greenhouse heating apparatus 11 Kiln 12 Wood combustion chamber 13 Wood input port 14 Door 15 Lock means 16 Perforated plate 17 Ash storage chamber 18 Ash recovery port 19 Door 20 Lock means 21 Outer frame 22 Heat chamber 23 Heat duct 24 Heat Feedback duct 25 Exhaust port 26 Exhaust duct 27 Chimney 28 Heat exchanger (water cooling jacket)
29 Water 30 Steam outlet 31 Burner 32 Air inlet 33 Air inlet fan

Claims (8)

A wood combustion chamber with a wood input port for introducing wood is provided at the top and an ash storage chamber for storing ash obtained by burning wood is provided at the bottom. The wood combustion chamber and the ash storage chamber are perforated plates. A furnace that is partitioned by the furnace, a heat chamber provided around the furnace, and one or a plurality of openings that are connected to the heat chamber and extend to an arbitrary place in the room to be heated and open at the place. A heat duct, an exhaust duct connected to an exhaust port of the wood combustion chamber of the kiln and exhausted by combustion of wood in the wood combustion chamber to the outside of the chamber to be heated, and exhaust through the exhaust duct A heat exchanger provided in the exhaust duct to take heat away from the heat exchanger, and heat feedback from the intake opening that opens above the heat chamber to supply the heat chamber Heating apparatus comprising: the extract, the. The heat exchanger has a hollow cylindrical shape surrounding the exhaust duct, and the peripheral wall portion has a double wall structure, and water as a refrigerant is accommodated in the double wall structure. The heating device according to claim 1, comprising: The heat exchanger includes a steam discharge port that leads from the inside to the outside of the double wall structure, and hot exhaust gas generated by wood combustion in the wood combustion chamber passes through the exhaust duct from the exhaust port. The heating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein heat is exchanged by the heat exchanger, and steam generated by water evaporation is discharged from a steam outlet into a room to be heated to humidify the room. The heating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the steam discharge port is connected to the heat duct, and the steam is discharged from the opening end of the heat duct to humidify. The heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an intake fan for actively taking in hot air from the intake port is provided in the heat supply duct. A burner is provided between the exhaust port of the wood combustion chamber and the heat exchanger in the vicinity of the exhaust duct, and the exhaust is substantially prevented from emitting white smoke from the chimney at the tip of the exhaust duct during ignition. The heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the exhaust gas passing through the duct is heated. The ash storage chamber of the kiln is equipped with an ash recovery port for recovering ash obtained after burning wood in the wood combustion chamber, and the recovered ash can be returned to the field as a mineral resource. The heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the wood introduced into the wood combustion chamber of the kiln is a waste material that is available free of charge or at a very low cost.

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