JP3119661B2 - Two-layer tube - Google Patents
Two-layer tubeInfo
- Publication number
- JP3119661B2 JP3119661B2 JP02319714A JP31971490A JP3119661B2 JP 3119661 B2 JP3119661 B2 JP 3119661B2 JP 02319714 A JP02319714 A JP 02319714A JP 31971490 A JP31971490 A JP 31971490A JP 3119661 B2 JP3119661 B2 JP 3119661B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- tube
- layer tube
- weight
- added
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ＜産業上の利用分野＞ 本発明は各種特性を備えたフッ素系樹脂を含有する２
層チューブに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing resin having various properties.
For layer tubes.
＜従来の技術＞ フッ素系樹脂は耐熱性、非粘着性、耐薬品性、絶縁性
等に優れ、広範な用途に供されているが、一方では高帯
電性、非接着性、低弾性率等を有しており、用途によっ
てはこれらの性質が問題となる場合もある。そこでこれ
らの点をカバーするためにフッ素系樹脂中に各種フィラ
ーを入れたり、他の樹脂とブレンドしたりすることが知
られている。しかし乍らこうした場合応々にして前記し
た各種の優れた特性をそこなうこともある。例えば帯電
防止のため、カーボン等のフィラーを添加させると、帯
電性は改良されるが反面絶縁性、非粘着性と云った優れ
た性質が低減してしまう。<Conventional technology> Fluorine-based resins are excellent in heat resistance, non-adhesion, chemical resistance, insulation, etc. and are used for a wide range of applications, but on the other hand, high chargeability, non-adhesion, low elasticity, etc. And these properties may be problematic depending on the application. Therefore, in order to cover these points, it is known that various kinds of fillers are added to a fluorine-based resin or blended with another resin. However, in such a case, the various excellent characteristics described above may be lost. For example, when a filler such as carbon is added to prevent charge, the chargeability is improved, but excellent properties such as insulation and non-adhesion are reduced.
＜課題を解決するための手段＞ そこで本発明者らは、フッ素樹脂の優れた特性を維持
しながら、更に各種問題点を改良するために種々研究を
繰り返した結果、ついに本発明に到達したもので、その
特徴とするところは、熱流動性を有するフッ素系樹脂を
含有する高分子材料と同高分子材料とを共押出して得ら
れた２層チューブであって前記チューブの少なくとも１
層にフィラーが添加された構成を有する点にある。<Means for Solving the Problems> Accordingly, the present inventors have repeatedly conducted various studies in order to further improve various problems while maintaining the excellent characteristics of the fluororesin, and finally arrived at the present invention. The characteristic feature is a two-layer tube obtained by co-extrusion of a polymer material containing a fluorine resin having heat fluidity and the polymer material, wherein at least one of the tubes is formed.
It has a configuration in which a filler is added to the layer.
本発明に使用される２層チューブの高分子材料に含ま
れる熱流動性フッ素系樹脂は特に制限はなく各種のもの
が使用でき、その成形温度における溶融粘度も特に制限
はないが、好ましくは１×104〜１×106ポイズのものを
例示でき、この中にはフッ化ビニリデンのホモポリマー
及びコポリマー、クロロトリフルオロエチレンのホモポ
リマー及びコポリマー並びにテトラフルオロエチレンの
コポリマーなどが含まれる。The thermofluid fluororesin contained in the polymer material of the two-layer tube used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various types can be used. The melt viscosity at the molding temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1%. Examples thereof include those having a density of × 10 4 to 1 × 10 6 poise, and include homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride, homopolymers and copolymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene, and copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene.
就中、好ましいフッ素系樹脂としてはテトラフルオロ
エチレンとフッ素化されたエチレン性不飽和化合物との
コポリマーを例示でき、例えば次式で示される フルオロ（アルキルエチレン）： X1（CF2）nCX2＝CX3X4 フルオロ（オキシアルキルエチレン）： X1（CF2）nOCX2＝CX3X4 及び フルオロ（ビニルポリエーテル）： （式中X1X2X3及びX4はＦ又はＨ、n1〜８、ｍは１〜５） などのようなフッ素化されたエチレン性不飽和化合物と
テトラフルオロエチレンとのコポリマーやエチレン−テ
トラフルオロマチレンコポリマー（必要ならば少量の第
三成分が共重合されていてもよい）等をあげることがで
きる。これらのコポリマーの幾つかはテフロンFEP、PFA
（いずれも三井デュポンフロロケミカル（株）及びデュ
ポン社製フッ素樹脂の商品名）として市販されている。Among them, preferred fluororesins include copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and a fluorinated ethylenically unsaturated compound, for example, fluoro (alkyl ethylene) represented by the following formula: X 1 (CF 2 ) n CX 2 = CX 3 X 4 fluoro (oxyalkylethylene): X 1 (CF 2 ) n OCX 2 = CX 3 X 4 and fluoro (vinyl polyether): (Wherein X 1 X 2 X 3 and X 4 are F or H, n 1 to 8, m is 1 to 5) or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with a fluorinated ethylenically unsaturated compound such as -Tetrafluoromethylene copolymer (a small amount of a third component may be copolymerized if necessary) and the like. Some of these copolymers are Teflon FEP, PFA
(All are commercially available as Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemicals Co., Ltd. and DuPont fluoroplastics).
これらのテトラフルオロエチレンコポリマーのうち、
特に比溶融粘度が５×104〜１×106ポイズの比較的高い
溶融粘度を有するコポリマーは引き裂き強度が高く、２
層チューブの製造において、また被覆された物品の使用
において有利である。上記範囲を越える比溶融粘度を有
するコポリマーは熱流動性が不足し易く、チューブの成
形において不利をこうむる場合もあり、また例えば金属
などへの融着特性が不足し易い傾向もあるが、勿論用途
によってはどのような値であろうと使用可能で、上記比
溶融粘度の値は時に制限を受けるものではない。Of these tetrafluoroethylene copolymers,
In particular, a copolymer having a relatively high melt viscosity of 5 × 10 4 to 1 × 10 6 poise has a high tear strength,
It is advantageous in the manufacture of layer tubes and in the use of coated articles. Copolymers having a specific melt viscosity exceeding the above range are liable to have insufficient thermal fluidity, and may suffer disadvantages in tube molding, and also tend to have insufficient fusion characteristics to, for example, metals. Depending on the value, any value can be used, and the value of the specific melt viscosity is not limited in some cases.
このような熱流動性を有するフッ素系樹脂は各層同じ
ものを用いてもよいし、別な系統のものを用いてもよく
適宜でよく、例えば一方にテトラフルオロエチレン−パ
ーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体（以下「PF
A」という）、他方にエチレン−テトラフルオロエチレ
ン共重合体を用いることもでき、その応用範囲に極めて
広い。The same resin for each layer may be used for the fluorine resin having such heat fluidity, or a different resin may be used as appropriate. For example, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer may be used for one of the layers. ("PF"
A "), and an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer can be used on the other hand, and its application range is extremely wide.
高分子材料は以上に記載された如き熱流動性を有する
フッ素系樹脂のみから構成されていても、他の高分子材
料を第三成分として含有するものであってもいっこうに
差しつかえない。例えばポリパラバン酸、ポリイミド、
ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリイミドス
ルホン、ポリアミノビスマレイミド、ポリフェニレンサ
ルファイド、ポリアリレート、ポリスルフィド、ポリア
リールスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルフォ
ン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンエー
テル、ポリアリレーンサルファイド、オキシベンゾイル
ポリエステル、ポリベンツイミダゾールなどの耐熱性高
分子材料及び／またはその前駆体の如き第三成分の一種
もしくは二種以上をフッ素系樹脂中に混合することもで
き、必要ならばその他顔料などの各種添加剤や前記以外
の第三成分等をフッ素系樹脂中に混合することもでき
る。The polymer material may be composed of only the fluorine resin having thermal fluidity as described above, or may contain another polymer material as the third component. For example, polyparabanic acid, polyimide,
Polyamide imide, polyether imide, polyimide sulfone, polyamino bismaleimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polysulfide, polyaryl sulfone, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene ether, polyarylene sulfide, oxybenzoyl polyester, poly One or more of the third component such as a heat-resistant polymer material such as benzimidazole and / or a precursor thereof can be mixed in a fluorine-based resin. A third component other than the above may be mixed in the fluororesin.
このような耐熱性高分子材料やその前駆体の如き第三
成分を添加する場合、その添加量は耐熱性高分子材料や
その前駆体の混合された層を形成する樹脂量（２層チュ
ーブ全体の樹脂重量のことでない）を基準にして１〜80
重量％、好ましくは５〜30重量％程度を例示できる。か
かる耐熱性高分子材料は２層チューブの両方の層に混合
されていてもよいし、一方の層に混合されていてもよ
く、両方の層に混合されていなくてもよく、特に制限は
ない。この際、一方の層に混合されている場合はフィラ
ーの添加された層に混合されていても、フィラーの添加
されていない層に混合されていてもよいし、（以上は一
方の層にフィラーの添加されている場合のことで、両方
の層にフィラーの添加されている場合は必然的にフィラ
ーの添加された層に混合されることになる）、目的に応
じどのような態様を取ろうと自由である。When the third component such as the heat-resistant polymer material or the precursor thereof is added, the amount of the third component is determined by the amount of the resin forming the mixed layer of the heat-resistant polymer material and the precursor (the entire two-layer tube). 1 to 80 based on the resin weight)
% By weight, preferably about 5 to 30% by weight. Such a heat-resistant polymer material may be mixed in both layers of the two-layer tube, may be mixed in one layer, or may not be mixed in both layers, and there is no particular limitation. . At this time, when it is mixed with one layer, it may be mixed with the layer to which the filler is added, or may be mixed with the layer to which the filler is not added, or In the case where filler is added to both layers, it is inevitably mixed with the layer to which the filler is added), regardless of the mode according to the purpose. Be free.
本発明に用いるフィラーについては特に制限はない
が、フィラーの添加によって例えばチューブの原料組成
物の成形性、チューブの強度などが著しく損なわれない
範囲でチューブの耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性、熱及び電気
伝導性、その他の諸性質を向上せしめる目的で２層チュ
ーブの少なくとも一方の層にフィラーを添加する必要が
ある。Although there is no particular limitation on the filler used in the present invention, the addition of the filler, for example, the moldability of the raw material composition of the tube, abrasion resistance of the tube, creep resistance, heat and heat as long as the strength of the tube is not significantly impaired. It is necessary to add a filler to at least one layer of the two-layer tube for the purpose of improving electric conductivity and other properties.
フィラーの種類としては鉄、銅、アルミニウム、クロ
ム、ニッケル、錫、亜鉛などの金属及びこれらの金属の
合金の粉末、カーボン、グラファイト、ガラス、アルミ
ナ、炭化ケイ素、ケイ酸ジルコニウム、窒化硼素、雲母
などの無機粉末などを例示することができ、特に制限は
ないが、中でも導電性のカーボンブラック等を加えて２
層チューブの表面層や内面層の導電性、帯電防止性等を
制御するのが望ましい。Examples of the filler include powders of metals such as iron, copper, aluminum, chromium, nickel, tin, and zinc and alloys of these metals, carbon, graphite, glass, alumina, silicon carbide, zirconium silicate, boron nitride, mica, and the like. There is no particular limitation on the inorganic powder, but among them, conductive powder such as carbon black is added.
It is desirable to control the conductivity and antistatic properties of the surface layer and the inner layer of the layer tube.
上記フィラーの添加量はフィラーの種類及び添加目的
によって異なり特に制限はないが、およそ１〜30量％の
範囲であることが好ましく、１重量％以下の添加ではそ
の添加目的を充分に達成することができないこともあ
り、また30重量％を越えるフィラーの添加が原料組成物
の成形性を悪くすることもありうるが、目的如何ではか
かる範囲を越えてもよい。なお本発明における重量％は
次式で示されるものである。The amount of the filler to be added varies depending on the type and purpose of the filler and is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of about 1 to 30% by weight, and the addition of 1% by weight or less sufficiently achieves the purpose of addition. In some cases, addition of more than 30% by weight of a filler may deteriorate the moldability of the raw material composition, but may exceed the range for any purpose. The weight% in the present invention is represented by the following formula.
ここで樹脂重量とはフィラーが添加された層に用いる
樹脂の重量のことであり、２層チューブ全体の樹脂重量
のことでない。 Here, the resin weight refers to the weight of the resin used for the layer to which the filler is added, and does not refer to the resin weight of the entire two-layer tube.
フィラーの形状としては繊維状粉末、りんぺん状粉末
であっても良く特に制限はないが、球状又は球状に近い
形状の粉末を使用することが好ましい。またフィラーは
２層チューブの一方の層添加されていればよいが、同種
のフィラーの場合両方の層に添加量を付々異にして添加
されていてもいっこうに差しつかえないし、異種のフィ
ラーの場合は添加量の同異は問わず両層に適宜に添加さ
れていてもよい。The filler may be in the form of a fibrous powder or a phosphorous powder, and is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to use a spherical or nearly spherical powder. The filler may be added to one layer of the two-layer tube, but in the case of the same type of filler, it may be added even if it is added to both layers with different addition amounts. In this case, they may be appropriately added to both layers irrespective of the amount of addition.
本発明は環状共押出法により製膜された２層チューブ
であり、その製造条件は適宜に設定すればよい。The present invention relates to a two-layer tube formed by an annular coextrusion method, and the manufacturing conditions may be appropriately set.
本発明の２層チューブは、その中間、外表面、内表面
等に、更にフッ素系樹脂及び／または他の合成樹脂から
成形された適宜の層が形成され多層構成とすることも可
能であり、これらの態様も当然本発明の範囲である。The two-layer tube of the present invention may have a multilayer structure in which an appropriate layer molded from a fluorine-based resin and / or another synthetic resin is further formed on the middle, outer surface, inner surface, and the like, These embodiments are also within the scope of the present invention.
本発明に係る２層チューブの用途としては特に制限は
なく、あらゆる分野に広範に用いられるが、例えば複写
機用の定着ベルト、複写機用定着ロールにおける圧着ロ
ールの表面被覆材等、複写機、プリンター等の分野に好
んで用いられる。このように本発明の２層チューブはユ
ーザーの要望に合せて、好ましい設計とすることがで
き、そのメリットは図り知れないものがある。The use of the two-layer tube according to the present invention is not particularly limited and is widely used in various fields. For example, a fixing belt for a copying machine, a surface coating material of a pressure roll in a fixing roll for a copying machine, a copying machine, It is used favorably in fields such as printers. As described above, the two-layer tube of the present invention can be made to have a preferable design in accordance with the needs of the user, and the merits thereof are inevitable.
以上は本発明の好ましい実施態様を例示的に述べたま
でで、本発明はこれらの記載内容に制限を受けるもので
ないことは当然である。The above has been a description of preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited by these descriptions.
次に本発明の実施例を述べることにする。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
＜実施例１＞ PFA100重量％単体およびPFA88重量％とカーボンブラ
ック（アセチレンブラック）12重量％との混合物を各々
別の押出機に投入して２層環状ダイスに導き、共押出法
により、外層にPFA単体、内層に混合物を有し、内径19m
m、外層の厚み10μｍ、内層の厚み40μｍの２層チュー
ブを得た。こうして得た２層チューブの外表面は内層の
影響で帯電防止効果に優れ、かつ外層の影響で表面の離
型性の優れた好ましい特性を有していた。<Example 1> 100% by weight of PFA alone and a mixture of 88% by weight of PFA and 12% by weight of carbon black (acetylene black) were respectively charged into separate extruders, led to a two-layer annular die, and formed into an outer layer by coextrusion. PFA simple substance, with mixture in inner layer, inner diameter 19m
m, a two-layer tube having an outer layer thickness of 10 μm and an inner layer thickness of 40 μm was obtained. The outer surface of the two-layer tube obtained in this way had favorable characteristics of being excellent in antistatic effect due to the influence of the inner layer and having excellent surface releasability due to the influence of the outer layer.
かかるチューブの内面にケミカルエッチング処理を施
した上で、複写機の定着装置における圧着ロール用被覆
チューブとして、圧着ロールの弾性体表面に接着剤を介
して被覆したところ前記の特性を有する好ましいもので
あった。After subjecting the inner surface of such a tube to a chemical etching treatment, as a cover tube for a pressure roll in a fixing device of a copying machine, the surface of the elastic body of the pressure roll is coated with an adhesive, and is preferably a material having the above-mentioned properties. there were.
＜比較例１＞ PFA88重量％とカーボンブラック（アセチレンブラッ
ク）12重量％との混合物を押出製膜し、厚さ50μｍで内
径19mmの単層チューブを得た。かかるチューブは帯電防
止効果は十分であるが表面の離型性に劣り、実施例と同
様に圧着ロール用被覆チューブとして用いたところ離型
性が不十分で満足の行くものとはならなかった。Comparative Example 1 A mixture of 88% by weight of PFA and 12% by weight of carbon black (acetylene black) was formed into an extruded film to obtain a single-layer tube having a thickness of 50 μm and an inner diameter of 19 mm. Such a tube had a sufficient antistatic effect but was inferior in surface releasability, and when used as a coating tube for a pressure roll as in the examples, the releasability was insufficient and was not satisfactory.
＜実施例２＞ PFA88重量％とカーボンブラック（ケッチュンブラッ
クEC）12重量％との混合物およびPFA85重量％とポリイ
ミド樹脂（熱可塑性樹脂的挙動をするもの）15重量％と
の混合物を実施例１と同様にして外層にカーボンブラッ
クを含む混合物、内層にポリイミド樹脂を含む混合物を
有し、内径24mm、外層10μｍ、内層40μｍの２層チュー
ブを得た。このチューブは外層に帯電防止効果を有し、
内層に絶縁性と高弾性率（ポリイミド樹脂の添加によ
る）を有する好ましいものであった。<Example 2> A mixture of 88% by weight of PFA and 12% by weight of carbon black (Ketchun Black EC) and a mixture of 85% by weight of PFA and 15% by weight of a polyimide resin (having a thermoplastic resin behavior) were prepared in Example 1. A mixture containing carbon black in the outer layer and a mixture containing the polyimide resin in the inner layer was obtained in the same manner as described above to obtain a two-layer tube having an inner diameter of 24 mm, an outer layer of 10 μm, and an inner layer of 40 μm. This tube has an antistatic effect on the outer layer,
It was preferable that the inner layer had insulating properties and a high elastic modulus (by adding a polyimide resin).
こうして得られた多層チューブの内面に発熱体を配置
し、複写機の定着装置における定着ベルトとして用いた
ところ良好なコピーが得られた。When a heating element was arranged on the inner surface of the multilayer tube thus obtained and used as a fixing belt in a fixing device of a copying machine, a good copy was obtained.
＜比較例２＞ PFA88重量％とカーボンブラック（ケッチュンブラッ
クEC）12重量％との混合物からなる内径24mm、厚さ50μ
の単層チューブ得かかるチューブを実施例２と同様に定
着ベルトとして用いたところ弾性率が低いため伸び易
く、その上絶縁性が不十分で満足の行く定着ベルトは得
られなかった。<Comparative Example 2> A mixture of 88% by weight of PFA and 12% by weight of carbon black (Ketchun Black EC) having an inner diameter of 24 mm and a thickness of 50 μm.
When such a tube was used as a fixing belt in the same manner as in Example 2, it was easy to elongate because of its low elastic modulus, and furthermore, the insulating property was insufficient and a satisfactory fixing belt could not be obtained.
＜発明の効果＞ 本発明は以上の通りであり、従来の如く用途に応じて
各種フィラーを添加しその性質を改良する際に、フッ素
系樹脂の単膜チューブに生じる問題点を一挙に解決する
ものであり、フッ素系樹脂の本来の特性を維持する上
に、用途に応じて必要な特性も備わった極めて有用なも
のでその効果は格別顕著なものがある。<Effects of the Invention> The present invention is as described above. When various fillers are added and their properties are improved depending on the application as in the related art, the problems which occur in a single-layer tube made of a fluororesin can be solved at once. This is a very useful one that has necessary characteristics in accordance with the application in addition to maintaining the original characteristics of the fluororesin, and the effect is particularly remarkable.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B32B 1/00 - 35/00 G03G 15/20 F16L 11/00 - 11/24 B29C 47/00 - 47/96 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) B32B 1/00-35/00 G03G 15/20 F16L 11/00-11/24 B29C 47/00-47 / 96
Claims (3)
高分子材料と熱流動性を有するフッ素系樹脂を含有する
高分子材料とを共押出して得られた２層チューブであっ
て、少なくとも一方の前記高分子材料中に導電性フィラ
ーが添加された構成を有し、定着部材に用いられること
を特徴とする２層チューブ。1. A two-layer tube obtained by co-extrusion of a polymer material containing a fluorine resin having heat fluidity and a polymer material containing a fluorine resin having heat fluidity, wherein at least A two-layer tube having a configuration in which a conductive filler is added to one of the polymer materials and used for a fixing member.
高分子材料と熱流動性を有するフッ素系樹脂を含有する
高分子材料とを共押出して得られた２層チューブであっ
て、該２層チューブの内層に導電性フィラーが添加され
た構成を有し、定着部材に用いられることを特徴とする
２層チューブ。2. A two-layer tube obtained by co-extruding a polymer material containing a fluorine resin having heat fluidity and a polymer material containing a fluorine resin having heat fluidity, A two-layer tube having a configuration in which a conductive filler is added to an inner layer of a two-layer tube, and used for a fixing member.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の２層
チューブ。3. The two-layer tube according to claim 1, wherein the conductive filler is carbon black.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02319714A JP3119661B2 (en) | 1990-11-22 | 1990-11-22 | Two-layer tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02319714A JP3119661B2 (en) | 1990-11-22 | 1990-11-22 | Two-layer tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04314539A JPH04314539A (en) | 1992-11-05 |
| JP3119661B2 true JP3119661B2 (en) | 2000-12-25 |
Family
ID=18113359
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02319714A Expired - Fee Related JP3119661B2 (en) | 1990-11-22 | 1990-11-22 | Two-layer tube |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3119661B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05470A (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1993-01-08 | Nisshin Chem Kogyo Kk | Chemical-resistant tube and its manufacture |
| JP3351057B2 (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 2002-11-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Fixing belt |
| JP3347955B2 (en) * | 1996-10-23 | 2002-11-20 | 昭和電線電纜株式会社 | Fluororesin composition, fluororesin tube, fluororesin film and roller |
| JP2001188433A (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2001-07-10 | Nissei Electric Co Ltd | Heating roller for fixing |
| US6742952B1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-06-01 | Bic Corporation | Transparent or translucent tubular structure |
| JP2005062470A (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-03-10 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Pressure member for fixation, device and method for fixation, and image forming apparatus |
| JP6079424B2 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2017-02-15 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Fixing belt, fixing device, and image forming apparatus |
-
1990
- 1990-11-22 JP JP02319714A patent/JP3119661B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04314539A (en) | 1992-11-05 |
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