MXPA97004942A - Members of the install fusing system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fusing system member for use in an electrophotographic apparatus for fusing images of organic pigment to a copy substrate, the fusing member having a substrate, a heat generating layer provided thereon comprising a filled fluoroelastomer with fluorinated carbon, and an outer organic pigment release layer that is provided in the lime generating layer

Description

MEMBRANES OF INSTANT FLUSHING SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to fusing systems and more specifically to fluorinated carbon filled elastomers useful as layers for electrostatic members, especially xerographic members such as fusing system members and methods thereof. In embodiments, elastomers filled with fluorinated carbon are chosen which are useful as layers for components in electrostatic processes, especially xerographic processes including surfaces of donor strips, films, rollers and the like; pressure bands, film rollers and the like, especially instant ignition pressure rollers; and splicing bands, films, rollers and the like, especially instant ignition splicing rolls; and other similar members. In embodiments, the present invention allows the preparation and manufacture of fusion system members with superior mechanical and electrical properties. Furthermore, in embodiments, the heating period for the fusing member is decreased, and the energy consumption of the fusing member is decreased, while allowing a high operating temperature and mechanical strength. Also, in embodiments, the layers allow a decrease in contamination of other xerographic components such as photoconductors. In addition, in REF: 24709 modalities, the layers also exhibit excellent properties such as statistical conductivity insensitivity to increases in temperature and environmental changes. In addition, in embodiments, the layers have a low surface energy and the compliance of the layers is not adversely affected. In a typical electrotoxic reproduction apparatus, a light image of an original to be copied is recorded in the form of an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member and the latent image subsequently becomes visible by the application of electroscopic thermoplastic resin particles that are commonly referred to as organic pigment. The visible organic pigment image is then in a loose powdery form, and can easily be disturbed or destroyed. The organic pigment image is usually fixed or melted onto a support which may be a photosensitive member itself or another support sheet such as plain paper. The use of thermal energy to fix organic pigment images on a support member is well known. In order to fuse the organic electroscopic pigment material on a permanent support surface by heat, it is usually necessary to raise the temperature of the organic pigment material to a point at which the constituents of the organic pigment material coalesce and become sticky. This heating causes the organic pigment to flow in a certain proportion to the fibers or pores of the support member. Subsequently, as the organic pigment material cools, the solidification of the organic pigment material causes the organic pigment material to bond firmly to the support. Typically, the thermoplastic resin particles are fused to the substrate upon heating to a temperature of between about 90 ° C to about 200 ° C or higher depending on the range of softening of the particular resin employed in the organic pigment. However, it is undesirable to increase the temperature of the substrate substantially to more than about 250 ° C, due to the tendency of the substrate to discolor or fire at such high temperatures, particularly when the substrate is paper. Several approaches to thermal fusing of organic pigment-electroscopic images have been described. These methods include providing heat and pressure application substantially concurrently by various means, a pair of rollers held in pressure contact, a band member in pressure contact with a roller, a band member in pressure contact with a heater and the like. Heat can be applied by heating one or both of the rollers, plate members or band members. The fusing of the organic pigment particles is carried out when the appropriate combination of heat, pressure and contact time are provided. The balance of these parameters to achieve the fusing of the organic pigment particles is well known in the art and can be adjusted to meet the particular process conditions or machines. However, these heat fixing apparatuses demonstrate problems due to the prolonged heating time required before the heating body rises to a specified temperature. On some machines, the fusing member is in the heated mode 90 to 100% of the time the machine is turned on because the fuse is heated at all times, there is an increased change of overheating, and mechanical problems of overheating or decomposition of the merger member due to excessive use. Even more, with the fusing member that is continuously heated, a lot of energy is wasted. The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed new "Energy Star" guidelines for printers and copiers. Current fusers that operate in a continuous hot mode may not meet the expectations of a "green machine". A preferred fusing system for copying and printing is the use of an "instant activation" merger system where the image on a copy substrate merges when the paper is placed, through a clamping point between a fuser roller and a roller of pressure, the fusing roller and pressure roller comprise a core plastic substrate for high temperature, a heat generating layer and an organic pigment release layer (or heat transport layer). The merger converts electrical energy directly to thermal energy, and therefore is more energy efficient. The instantaneous activation fusing member is advantageous since the heating period is reduced since the heater is quick to respond. In addition, the instant activation merger member allows for a reduction in power consumption because the heater is off when the machine is not copying. Fusing systems with instantaneous activation as set forth above, are well known and described for example in US Pat. No. 5,087,946 issued to Dalal et al., The description of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. This reference discloses a fusing system with instantaneous activation that includes a fusing roll having a hollow plastic cylinder filled with conductive fibers and with a relatively thin wall, a back-up roll arranged in a coupling relationship, and a heating element arranged inside the fuser roller.

During operation of a fusing system where heat is applied to cause thermal fusion of the organic pigment particles on a support, both the organic pigment image and the support member are passed through to a holding point formed between the pair of rollers, or plate or band members, or film and heater. The concurrent transfer of heat and the application of pressure at the clamping point affect the fusing of the organic pigment image on the support. It is important in the fusing process that the organic pigment particles are not displaced from the support to the fusing member during normal operations. The organic pigment particles displaced on the fusing member can subsequently be transferred to other parts of the machine or on the support in subsequent copying cycles, thereby increasing the background or interfering with the material being copied. The aforementioned "thermal shift" occurs when the organic pigment temperature is increased to a point where the organic pigment particles liquefy and a separation of molten organic pigment is carried out during the fusing operation with a remaining portion in the member. merger The thermal displacement temperature or degradation of the thermal displacement temperature is a measure of the release property of the fusing roll, and accordingly it is desired to provide a fusing surface having a low surface energy to provide the necessary detachment. To ensure and maintain good releasing properties of the fusing roll, it has become usual to apply release agents to the fusing roll during the fusing operation. Typically, these materials are applied as thin films for example of silicone oil to avoid displacement of organic pigment. The U.S. Patent No. 5,084,738 describes the use of a resistive heating layer with resistivity in the range of 20 to 2000 ohm-c in a fusing apparatus. The resistivity of the layer is achieved by adding conductive carbon fillers in a polymer layer. There is a specific need for a member of the fusion system that is quick to heat, and that allows a decreased use of energy. Furthermore, there is a need for a surface of a fusing member that has a stable conductivity in the desired resistivity range and where the formability and low surface energy properties of the release layer are not affected. There is also a need for a fusing system that provides good release properties and a decrease in the occurrence of thermal displacement.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION Examples of objects of the present invention include: An object of the present invention is to provide fusing system members and methods therefor with many of the advantages indicated herein. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a member of the fusion system that allows a decrease in the heating time. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a fusing system member having high mechanical strength. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fusing system member having a low surface energy. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fusing system member that maintains excellent release properties, thereby decreasing the occurrence of thermal displacement. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a member of the fusion system that allows reduction in energy before use. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a fusing system member that is light in weight.

• An additional objective of The present invention is to provide a fusing system member having a conductivity that is virtually insensitive to environmental changes and increases in temperature. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fusing system member that allows a decrease in contamination of other xerographic components such as photoreceptors. A further object of the present invention is to provide a merger system member that is low in cost. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a fusing system member that has high thermal insulation, which provides the thermal efficiency of the fusion system. Yet another object of the present invention was to provide a fusing system member having high electrical isolation. Still another objective of the present invention is to provide a fusing system member that is light in weight. These and other objects have been met by the present invention which includes in modalities: a fused member comprising: a fusing member consisting of: (a) a plastic substrate; (b) a heat generating layer that is provided in the substrate, the heat generating layer comprises a fluoroelastomer filled with fluorinated carbon; and (c) an organic pigment release layer that is provided in the heat generating layer. These and other objects have been further fulfilled by the present invention which also includes in modalities: (a) a fusing member having the ability to heat at a temperature of up to about 200 ° C in a time of less than about 1 minute, comprising : a plastic cylindrical roller substrate; (b) a heat generating layer that is provided in the roll substrate, the heat generating layer comprises a fluoroelastomer filled with silver and fluorinated carbon; and (c) an organic pigment release layer that is provided in the heat generating layer. In addition, these and other objectives have been met by the present invention which further includes in embodiments: (a) a fusing member having the ability to heat at a temperature of up to about 200 ° C in less than about 30 seconds, which comprising: a plastic cylindrical roller substrate; (b) a heat generating layer that is provided in the roll substrate, the heat generating layer comprises a fluoroelastomer filled with silver and fluorinated carbon wherein the heat generating layer has a strength of about 5 to 100 ohms and (c) ) an organic pigment release layer that is provided in the heat generating layer. The splicing members provided herein, the embodiments of which are further described herein, allow control of a desired strength, allow for uniform electrical properties, allow for more stable mechanical properties, have improved insensitivity to environmental and mechanical changes, have rapid heating time, decrease the consumption of energy and reduce the contamination of other xerographic components such as photoconductors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the present invention, reference may be made to the accompanying drawing. FIGURE 1 is an illustration of a preferred embodiment of a merging member described herein. ! TPCTnH? IypAT.TADA? K TA PRESENT INVENTION The present invention relates to fuser systems comprising fuser members, which are here related, in modalities, with a fusing roller, donor roller or pressure roller, having a plastic substrate. of high internal temperature, and has on top, a thermal generating layer, and has on the outer surface an organic pigment release layer. A band or pressure roller is used in connection with the fuser roll and the copy substrate having organic pigment is brought into contact with the clamping point formed between the pressure roll or band and fusing roll. In general, the construction of the instantaneous activation fusioner is well known as set forth by Dalal et al. (U.S. Patent No. 5,087,946) discussed above in the background. With reference to Figure 1, a preferred fusion member 1 of the present invention is illustrated by way of example. The fusion member comprises a hollow cylindrical plastic core 2, comprising a high temperature plastic and on top of this a heat generating layer 3 constituted by a fluoroplastomer filled with fluorinated carbon, optionally filled with a conductive filler, and on top of it as the outer layer of the fiber. fusing member, an organic pigment release layer (or thermal transport layer) 4 which may be constituted by a fluoroelastomer or silicone material or other polymeric material, and optionally filled with a thermally conductive filler. Intermediate layers and / or optional additional adhesive layers may be present between the inner plastic core 2 and the heat generating layer 3 and / or between the heat generating layer 3 and the outer organic pigment release layer 4.

Members of the present fusion system contain heat generator layers consisting of fluoroelastomers filled with fluorinated carbon. In a preferred embodiment, silver powder is added to the heat generating layer, to make the conductive layer sufficiently conductive as a resistive layer. The use of a fluorinated carbon stabilizes the coating dispersion and also improves the uniformity of the filled layer. Fluorinated carbon is considered to be entangled with the fluoro elastomer when curing the coated carbon generating layer. Fluorinated carbon, sometimes referred to as graphite fluoride or carbon fluoride, is a solid material that results from the fluorination of carbon with elemental fluorine. The number of fluorine atoms per carbon atom can vary depending on the fluorination conditions. The variable stoichiometry of fluorine atom to carbon atom of fluorinated carbon allows systemic and uniform variation of its properties of electrical resistivity. A controlled and specific resistivity is a highly desirable feature for an outer surface of a fusing system member. Fluorinated carbon, as used herein, is a specific class of compositions that is prepared by the chemical addition of fluorine to one or more of the many forms of solid carbon. In addition, the amount of fluorine can be varied in order to produce a desired specific resistivity. Fluoro carbides are either aliphatic or aromatic organic compounds wherein one or more other fluorine atoms have been connected to one or more carbon atoms to form well-defined compounds with a simple defined boiling point or melting point. Fluoro polymers are simple linked identical molecules that comprise long chains linked by covalent bonds. Furthermore, fluoro elastomers are a specific type of fluoro polymer. Thus, despite some apparent confusion in the specialty, it is notable that the fluorinated carbon is neither a fluorocarbon nor a fluoro polymer and the term is used here in this context. The fluorinated carbon material can include the fluorinated carbon materials as described herein. The methods for the preparation of fluorinated carbon are well known and documented in the literature such as in the following U.S. Patents. Nos. 2,786,874; 3,925,492; 3,925,263, 3,872,032 and 4,247,608, the descriptions of which are fully incorporated by reference herein. Essentially, fluorinated carbon is produced by heating a carbon source such as amorphous carbon, coke, charcoal, carbon black or graphite, with elemental fluorine at elevated temperatures such as 150 ° -600 ° C. A diluent such as nitrogen is preferably mixture with fluorine. The nature and properties of fluorinated carbon vary with the particular carbon source, the reaction conditions and the degree of fluorination obtained in the final product. The degree of fluorination in the final product can be varied by changing the reaction conditions of the process, mainly temperature and time. In general, the higher the temperature and the longer the time, the higher the fluorine content. Fluorinated carbon from various sources of carbon and various fluorine contents is commercially available from several sources. Preferred carbon sources are carbon black, crystalline graphite and petroleum coke. One form of fluorinated carbon that is suitable for use in accordance with the invention is polycarbon monofluoride, which is usually written in condensed form CFX, with x representing the number of fluorine atoms and generally up to about 1.5, preferably at about .01 to 1.5 and particularly preferred to about 0.04 to about 1.4. The CFX formula has a laminar structure composed of layers of 6-carbon rings fused with fluorine atoms connected to the carbons and found above and below the plane of the carbon atoms. The preparation of CF * type fluorinated carbon is described, for example, in US Patents. previously mentioned Nos. 2, 786,874 and 3,925,492, the descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In general, the formation of this type of fluorinated carbon involves reacting elemental carbon with F2 catalytically. This type of fluorinated carbon can be obtained commercially from many distributors, including Allied Signal, Morristown, New Jersey; Central Glass International, Inc., White Plains, New York; Diakin Industries, Inc., New York, New York; and Advance Research Chemicals, Inc., Catosa, Oklahoma. Another form of fluorinated carbon which is suitable for use according to the invention is that which has been postulated by Nobuatsu Watanabe, as poly (dicarbon monofluoride) which is usually written in the short form (C2F) B. The preparation of fluorinated carbon type (C2F) n is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. aforementioned No. 4,247,608, the description of which is hereby fully incorporated, and also by Watanabe et al., "Preparation of Poly (dicarbon monofluoride) from Petroleum Coke" (Preparation of poly (dicarbon monofluoride) from petroleum coke , Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 55, 3197-3199 (1982), the description of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Further, preferred preferred fluorinated carbons include those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,524,119 issued to Luly et al., The subject matter of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, and those which bear the Accufluor brand "* (Accufluor ** is a registered trademark of Allied Signal, Morristown, New Jersey) eg Accufluor" * 2028, Accufluor "* 2065, Accufluor" "1000, and Accufluor * 4 * 2010, Accufluor ™ 2028, and Accufluor ™ 2010, have 28 and 11 percent fluorine content, respectively AccufluorHB 1000 and AccufluorMR 2065 have 62 and 65 percent of fluorine content, respectively. Also Accufluor "* 1000 comprises coal coke, while Accufluor14 * 2065, 2028, and 2010 all comprise conductive carbon black.These fluorinated carbons have the formula CF * and are formed by the reaction of C + F2 = CFX. Table shows some properties of preferred fluorinated carbons useful in the present invention ACCUFLUOR PROPERTIES UNITS GRADE 1000 2065 2028 2010 N / A Coke Material Black Carbon Feed Conductor N / A Fluoride Content 62 65 28 11% Real Density 2.7 2.5 2.1 1.9 g / cc Gross Density 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.09 g / cc Decomposition Temperature 630 500 450 380 ACCUFLUOR PROPERTIES UNITS GRADE 1000 2065 2028 2010 Uh Average particle size 8 < 1 < 1 < 1 Micrometers Surface Area 130 340 130 170 m2 / g Thermal Conductivity 10"10" 10"NA lime / cm-sec- ° C Electrical Resistivity 101 101 101 <10 ohm-cm CCoolloorr Gray White Black Black N / A The amount of The fluorinated carbon in the heat generating layer is from about 1 to about 50% by weight of the total solids content, and preferably from about 5 to about 7% by weight based on the total solids weight. amount that provides the roll resistance of the heat generating layer from about 2 ohms to about 500 ohms, preferably from about 5 ohms to about 100 ohms, and particularly from about 15 to about 25 ohms is preferred. Other conductive additives can be used in addition to fluorinated carbon to achieve a certain resistance in the heat generating layer, in addition, these additives can also be present in the organic pigment release layer, although it may not be convenient to use fluorinated carbon in the organic pigment release layer. Examples of suitable conductive additives include carbon black, graphite and the like; metal fibers and metallic powder particles such as silver, nickel, aluminum and the like; metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide and the like; together with other known conductive ceramic powders. It is preferred to add a metal such as silver together with fluorinated carbon in the heat generating layer. The specific desired strength can be designed by using the specific amount of silver and fluorinated carbon in the heat generating layer. These additives may be present in the heat generating layer in an amount of about 10 to about 80% by weight based on the total solids weight, preferably about 20 to about 70% by weight. Alternatively, in the organic pigment release layer, thermally conductive additives may be present in an amount of about 3 to about 40% by weight of the total solids, and preferably about 5% to about 30% by weight. Examples of the heat generating layers or capable of organic pigment detachment from the members of the instantaneous activation fusing system include elastomers such as fluoroelastomers. Specifically, convenient fluoroelastomers are those described in detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,166,031; 5,281,506; 5,366,772; and 5,370,931, together with the US Patents. US. 4,257,699; 5,017,432; and 5,061,965, the descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference in full. As described therein, these fluoroelastomers particularly of the class of copolymers and terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene are known commercially under various designations such as VITON A "*, VITON E" *, VITON E60C "*, VITON E430" *, VITON 910 ™ , VITON GHm, and VITON GF "*. The designation VITON" * is a trademark of DuPont de Nemours, Inc. Other commercially available materials include FLUOREL 2170"*, FLUOREL 2174" *, FLUOREL 2176"*, FLUOREL 2177" * and FLUOREL LVS 76"*, FLUOREL" * are trademarks of 3M Company. Additional commercially available materials include AFLAS "* such as poly (propylene tetrafluoroethylene) and FLUOREL II" * a poly (propylene tetrafluoroethylene vinylidene fluoride) both also available from 3M Company, as well as Tecnoflons identified as FOR-60KIR, FOR-LHF "*, NM" * FOR-THF "*, FOR-TFS" *, TH "*, TN505" * available from Montedison Specialty Chemical Company. Other polymers useful as heat generating and organic pigment release layers of the present invention include silicone rubbers, fluorosilicone and the like together with polytetrafluoro ethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), po 1 if luoroalcox and polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA) Teflon) and similar. These polymers together with adhesives can also be included as intermediate layers. Preferred polymers useful for the heat generating layer and the organic pigment release layers of the instantaneous activation fusing system members include elastomers, especially fluoro elastomers such as fluoroelastomers based on vinylidene fluoride containing hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoro ethylene as comonomers. Two known preferred fluoroelastomers are (1) a class of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymers commercially known as VITON A "* and (2) a class of polymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoro ethylene known commercially as VITON B "*. VITON A" * and VITON B "* and other designations VITON" * are trademarks of E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company. Other commercially available materials include FLUOREL ™ from 3M Company, VITON GH "*, VITON E60C" *, VITON B 910"*, VITON E 430" *. In another preferred embodiment, the fluoroelastomer is one that has a relatively low amount of vinylidene fluoride such as VITON GF *, available E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Inc. VITON GF * has 35 mol% vinylidene fluoride, 34 mol% hexafluoropropylene and 29 mol% tetrafluoroethylene with 2% curing monomer on site. In yet another preferred embodiment, the heat generating layer is a fluoroelastomer such as VITON fluoropolymer, and the organic pigment generating layer is a layer of silicone or a fluoroelastomer such as PFA or PTFE. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat generating layer is a VITON fluoro elastomer filled with fluorinated carbon or volume-graded fluoro elastomer having silver as an additive, and the organic pigment release layer is a silicone layer or a fluoropolymer layer such as PFA or PTFE or a volume grafted fluoroelastomer, and this organic pigment release layer includes a thermally conductive filler such as carbon black, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, graphite, carbide, silicon, aluminum nitride and the like. Examples of suitable elastomers for use herein in the heat generating layer and the organic pigment release layers also include elastomers of the above type, together with bulk grafted elastomers. Volume-grafted elastomers are a special form of hydrofluoroelastomers and are substantially uniform integral interpenetrating networks of a hybrid composition of a fluoroelastomer and a polyorganosiloxane, the graft by volume has been formed by dehydrofluorination of fluoroelastomer by nucleophilic dehydrofluorination agent, followed by addition polymerization by the addition of a polyorganosiloxane functionally terminated with alkylene or alkene and a polymerization initiator. Examples of specific volume graft elastomers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,031; U.S. Patent No. 5,281,506; U.S. Patent No. 5,366,772; and US patent. No. 5,370,931, the descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Volume grafting, in embodiments refers to a substantially uniform integral interpenetrating network of a hybrid composition, wherein both the structure and composition of fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxane are substantially uniform when taken through different slices of the fusing member. A bulk grafted elastomer is a hybrid composition of fluoroelastomer and polyorganosiloxane formed by dehydrofluorinating fluoroelastomer by nucleophilic dehydrofluorinating agent followed by addition polymerization followed by the addition of polyorganosiloxane terminated with alkene or alkyne functionality.

• Interpenetrating network in modalities refers to an addition polymerization matrix, wherein the polymer strands polyorganosiloxane and fluoroelastomer are intermingled with each other. The hybrid composition, in modalities refers to a composition grafted in volume, which is constituted by blocks of polyorganosiloxane and fluoroelastomers randomly arranged. In general, the volume graft according to the present invention is carried out in two stages, the first involving the dehydrofluorination of the fluoro elastomer preferably using an amine. During this stage, the hydrofluoric acid that generates unsaturation, carbon-carbon double bonds in the fluoroelastomer is eliminated. The second step is a peroxide-induced addition polymerization of free radicals of the alkene-terminated polyorganosiloxane or alkyne with the carbon-to-carbon double bonds of the fluoroelastomer. In embodiments, copper oxide can be added to a solution containing the graft copolymer. The dispersion is then provided on the fusing member or the conductive film surface. In embodiments, the polyorganosiloxane having functionality according to the present invention has the formula: wherein R is an alkyl of about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl of about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl of about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms; A is an aryl of from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkene of from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms; and n is from about 2 to about 400, and preferably, from about 10 to about 200 in embodiments. In preferred embodiments, R is an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, wherein the alkyl has from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; the alkali has from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms; and the aryl has from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms. R can be a substituted aryl group, wherein the aryl can be substituted with amino, hydroxy, mercapto or substituted with alkyl having for example from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms and preferably about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or substituted with an alkyl having for example about 2 about 24 carbon atoms and preferably about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment, R independently is selected from methyl, ethyl and phenyl. Functional group A may be an alkeno or alkino group having from about 2 to about 8 carbon atoms, preferably from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with an alkyl having, for example, from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and preferably from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having, for example, from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms. Functional group A can also be mono-, di- or tri-alkoxysilane having about 1 to about 10 and preferably about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in each alkoxy, hydroxy or halogen. Preferred alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy and the like.

Preferred halogens include chlorine, bromine and fluorine. A may also be an alkyne of about 2 about 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with an alkyl of about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms or aryl of about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms. The group n is from about 2 to about 4200 and in modalities of about 2 about 350 and preferably from about 5 to about 100. In addition, in a preferred embodiment n is from about 60 to about 80, to provide a sufficient number of groups reagents to graft in the elastomer fluoride. In the above formula, typical R groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, octyl, vinyl, allyl crotonyl, phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthril and typically substituted aryl groups are substituted at the ortho, meta and para positions with lower alkyl groups having about 1. to about 15 carbon atoms. Typical alkene and alkenyl functional groups include vinyl, acrylic, crotonic and acetenyl which can typically be substituted with methyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, tolyl and the like. The amount of the fluoroelastomer or silicone elastomer used to provide the heat generating layer or the organic pigment release layer of the present invention depends on the amount necessary to form the desired thickness of the surface layer or layers of materials. Specifically, the silicone elastomer or fluoro elastomer is added in an amount of about 60 to about 99%, preferably about 60 to about 99% by weight. Any known solvent suitable for dissolving a fluoro elastomer may be employed in the present invention. Examples of suitable solvents for the present invention include methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, n-butyl acetate, amyl acetate and the like. Specifically, the solvent is added in an amount of about 25 to about 99%, preferably about 70 to about 95%. The dehydrofluorinating agent which attacks the fluoroelastomer-generating unsaturation is selected from basic metal oxides such as MgO, CaO, Ca (OH) 2 and the like, and strong nucleophilic agents such as primary, secondary and tertiary, aliphatic and aromatic amines, in wherein the aliphatic and aromatic amines have from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms. Also included are aliphatic and aromatic diamines and triamines having from about 2 about 15 carbon atoms, wherein the aromatic groups can be benzene, toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, and the like. In general it is preferred in the aromatic diamines and triamines that the aromatic group be substituted in the ortho, meta and para positions. Typical substituents include lower alkyl amino groups such as ethyl amino, propylamino, isobutylamino, with propylamino being preferred. Particularly preferred curing agents are nucleophilic curing agents such as VITON CURATIVE VC-50"* which incorporate an accelerator (such as quaternary phosphonium salt or salts such as VC-20) and an entanglement agent (bisphenol AF or VC- 30); DIAK 1 (hexamethylenediamine carbamate) and DIAK 3 (N, N'-dicynaminilidene-1,6 hexandiamine). The dehydrofluorinating agent is added in an amount of about 1 to about 20% by weight and preferably about 2 to about 10% by weight. The substrate for the instantaneous activation fusing member, and for other members of the fusion system, includes fusing rolls, bands, films and the like; pressure rollers, belts, films and the like; and rollers, bands, films and such donors, according to the present invention may be of any convenient material. Typically, it is a roller and takes the form of a hollow cylindrical tube of certain selected plastics to maintain structural integrity, rigidity and high heat durability. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substrate is a hollow cylindrical plastic core. The plastic should be suitable to allow a high operating temperature (i.e. greater than about 180, preferably greater than 200 ßC). Capable of exhibiting high mechanical strength, providing thermal insulation properties (this in turn improves the thermal efficiency of the proposed fusing system), and possessing electrical insulating properties. In addition, it is preferred that the plastic have a flexural strength of approximately 140,600 to 210,900 Kg / cm2 (approximately 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 psi) and a flexural modulus of approximately 1,758 to 3,867 Kg / cm2 (approximately 25,000 to 55,000 psi). Plastics having the above characteristics and which are suitable for use as the substrate for the instant activation fuser members include Ultem "* available from General Elctric, Ultrapek" * available from BASF, PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) sold under the names Fortron commercials "* available from Hoechst Celanese, Ryton R-4" * available from Phillips Petroleum, and Supec "* available from General Electric; PAI (polyamide imide) sold under the Torlon brand" * 7130 available from Amoco; polyketone (PK) sold under the Kadel brand "* E1230 available from Amoco; Pl (polyimide); PEEK (polyether ether ketone) sold under the brand name PEEK 450GL30 from Victrex; polyphthalamide sold under the Amodel brand" * available from Amoco; PES (polyether sulfone); PEI (polyetherimide); PAEK (polyaryl ether ketone); PVA (polyparabanic acid); silicone resin; or fluorinated resin such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene); PFA (perfluoro alkyl); FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene); liquid crystalline resin (Xydar "*) available from Amoco and the like or mixtures thereof, these plastics can be filled with glass or other minerals in order to improve their mechanical strength without changing the thermal properties In preferred embodiments, the plastic core consists of a high temperature plastic with superior mechanical strength such as polyphenylene sulphide, polyamide imide, polyimide, polyketone, polyphthalamide, polyether, ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyether imide and polyparabanic acid.The use of a plastic core as previously established in The fusion members here allow a low-cost, light-weight fusion system member to be produced.Furthermore, the high-temperature plastic allows for rapid heating and is therefore more energy efficient than other known fusion members. that the core of the fusion member is made of plastic, there is a possibility it is real that these merging members can be recycled. Furthermore, these cores allow high thermal efficiency by providing superior insulation. Optional intermediate adhesive layers and / or elastomeric layers can be applied to achieve the desired properties and performance objectives of the present conductive film. An adhesive intermediate layer can be selected, for example, from epoxy and polysiloxane resins. Preferred adhesives are proprietary materials such as THIXON 403/404, UNION CARIBDE A-1100, Dow TACTIX 740, Dow TACTIX 741, and Dow TACTIX 742. A particularly preferred curing agent for the aforementioned adhesives is Dow H41. An adhesive layer can be provided between the substrate and the heat generating layer. An adhesive layer may also be between the heat generating layer and the organic pigment release layer. The heat generating layer of the instantaneous activation fusing member is deposited on the plastic substrate by a well known weft coating process or an extraction coating process. Other known methods for forming the outer layer in the substrate film such as centrifugation, dipping, spraying or by multiple applications of very thin film spraying, molding, plasma deposition or the like can also be employed. The organic pigment release layer is deposited in the heat generating layer in a manner similar to the heat generation layer that is deposited on the substrate. The thickness of the generating layer may vary depending on specific applications of about 10 to about 500 μm, preferably about 20 to about 250 μm. The thickness of the organic pigment release layer is from about 10 to about 500 μm, preferably about 20 about 250 μm in thickness. The plastic substrate has a diameter of approximately .508 to 7.62 cm (.2 approximately 3"). The plastic thickness will depend on the mechanical property of the plastic but preferably is approximately .3175 to 1.27 cm (1/8" a about 1/2"thick. The substrate in the form of a cylindrical roller can be about 7.62 to 50.8 cm (3 to about 20"), preferably with a length of about 22.86 to 35.56 cm (about 9 to 14"). The members of the fusion system of the present invention allow a relatively quicker heating time.The rapid heating time for the members of the fusion system of the present invention is up to about less than 1 minute preferably to less than about 30 minutes. This is the amount of time that the fusing member takes to heat from room temperature (24 ° C) to a temperature of approximately 200 ° C. This allows the fus The ionator is in an off mode when the particular machine is not used, which in turn allows a significant reduction in energy consumption. The fuser members present have a heat generating layer comprising fluoro elastomers filled with fluorinated carbon and optional additive (s) exhibiting superior electrical and mechanical properties. In addition, the fuser members present have decreased sensitivities to change in relative humidity and at high temperature. Still further, the present splicing members have sufficient release properties and exhibit a decrease in contamination of other xerographic components such as photoconductors. Further, by using the splicing members of the present invention, in embodiments, a reduction in heating time and a reduction in energy usage can be obtained. All patents and applications herein referred to and specified and fully incorporated by reference in this specification. The following examples further define and describe embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight. EXAMPLES Example I A resistive heating layer containing a mixture of Accufluor 2010 and silver powder dispersed in VITON GF is prepared in the following manner. First, a solvent (200 g of methyl ethyl ketone), steel shot (2300 g), silver powder (30 g, particle size 2-4 μm), Viton GF (22.5 g) and Accufluor 2010 (13.1 g) they were mixed at relatively low speed in a small counter attritor (model OIA). The mixture wears for 30 minutes. A healing package [(1.15) g of DuPont VC50, 0.45 g of Maglite-D and 0.1 g of (Ca (0H) 2) and a stabilizing solvent (10 g of methanol)], are then introduced and the mixture is formulated at high speed for another 15 minutes. After filtering the steel shot through a wire screen, the dispersion is collected in a 227 g (8 oz) prolipropilene bottle. the dispersion is then diluted with about 400 g of methyl isobutyl ketone and the resulting mixture is sprayed on air onto a polyimide capton film substrate to give a dry thickness of about .122 mm (4.8 mils). The sprayed layer is first air dried for about 2 hours and then heat cured in a programmable oven. The heating sequence was as follows: (1) 65 ° C for 4 hours; (2) 93 ° C for 2 hours; (3) 144 ° C for 2 hours; (4) 177 ° C for 2 hours; (5) 204 ° C for 2 hours; and (6) 232 ° C for 16 hours. A warming layer of .122 mm (4.8 mils) in thickness is cut to a dimension of 11.43 x 22.86 cm (4.5 x 9") @ and the strength of the layer is approximately 70 omega across the entire length. When the electrical current of approximately 240 watts is applied to the layer, the layer is heated from room temperature to approximately 23.3 ° C (74 ° F) to 176.7 ° C (350 ° F) in approximately 22 seconds.

Example II A coating dispersion similar to that of Example I is prepared with the exception that 38 g of silver powder are used instead. A heating layer of 11.43 x 22.86 cm (4.5 x 9") is coated, dried and cured according to the procedures described in Example I. The dry thickness is approximately .165 mm (6.5 mils) and the strength The coating took approximately 8 seconds to warm up from about 23.3 ° C (74 ° F) to 176.7 ° C (350 ° F) at an applied energy of about 350 watts. of coating is prepared by combining half of the dispersion prepared in Example II with 20 g of an Electrodag dispersion * * 504 from Acheson, Port Huron, Michigan comprising a silver / fluoro elastomer dispersion in MEK (56% silver, MEK 38% and fluoroelastomer 6%). The combination is mixed well in a roller mill. A heating layer is then prepared according to the procedure of Example I. The dry thickness of the layer was approximately .157 mm (5.4 mils) and the strength of a layer of 11.43 x 22.86 mm (4.5 x 9") was approximately 29 omega.This layer is heated from approximately 23.3 ° C (74 ° F) to 176.7 ° C (350 ° F) in approximately 4.3 seconds at an applied voltage of approximately 700 watts.

EXAMPLE IV A coating dispersion is prepared by first adding a solvent (200 g of methyl ethyl ketone), steel shot (2300 g) and Viton GF (22.5 g) and Accufluor 2010 (13.1 g) in a small counter attritor. The mixture wears at low speed for 30 minutes. A curative package [(1.15) g of DuPont VC50, 0.45 g Maglite-D and 0.1 g (Ca (0H) 2) and a stabilizing solvent (10 g of methanol)], are then introduced and the mixture is formulated in the attritor at a relatively high speed for another 15 minutes. After filtering the steel shot through a wire mesh, the dispersion is collected in a 227 g (8 oz) polypropylene bottle. Methyl isobutyl ketone is added until the total weight of the dispersion is about 300 g. The prepared dispersion of Accufluor 2010 / Viton GF is then combined with 100 g of a dispersion Electrodag "* 504 from Acheson (see example III) .The mixture is milled with rollers for approximately 1 hour. Prepare by spraying the dispersion on a Pyrex glass tube with outer diameter of 2.54 cm (1") with length of 22.86 cm (9") (thickness .397 cm) 5/32"). The drying and curing were carried out according to Example I. The resistive layer had a strength of about 10 omega and was approximately of thickness .1016 to .127 mm (4 to 5 mils). This prototype was heated from 23.3 ° C (74 ° F) to 176.7 ° C (350 ° F) in approximately 16 seconds when an energy of approximately 950 watts was applied. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific and preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that various modifications and variations will be apparent to the skilled in the art. All these modifications and modalities that can easily occur to a person skilled in the art are intended within the scope of the appended claims. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects to which it relates. Having described the invention as above, the content of the following is claimed as property:

Claims (33)

1. CLAIMS 1.- Merger member, characterized in that it comprises: (a) a plastic substrate; (b) a heat generating layer that is provided in the substrate, the heat generating layer comprises a fluoroelastomer filled with fluorinated carbon; and (c) an organic pigment release layer that is provided in the heat generating layer.
2. 2. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorinated carbon is present in an amount of about 1 about 50% by weight based on the weight of the total solids.
3. 3. A fusion member according to claim 2, characterized in that the fluorinated carbon is present in an amount of about 5 about 30% by weight based on the weight of the total solids.
4. 4. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorinated carbon has a fluorine content of about 5 to about 65 by weight, based on the weight of the fluorinated carbon, and a carbon content of about 95 to about 35% by weight.
5. 5. A fusion member according to claim 4, characterized in that the fluorinated carbon has a fluorine content of about 10 to about 30% by weight based on the weight of the fluorinated carbon, and a carbon content of about 90 to about 70% by weight.
6. 6. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorinated carbon is of the formula CFX wherein x represents the number of fluorine atoms.
7. 7. A fusing member according to claim 6, characterized in that the fluorinated carbon is of the formula CFX wherein x represents the number of fluorine atoms and is from about .02 to about 1.5.
8. 8. A fusion member according to claim 7, characterized in that the fluorinated carbon is of the formula CFX wherein x is from about .04 to about 1.4.
9. 9. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorinated carbon is selected from the group consisting of Accufluor "* 1000 having a fluorine content of 62 weight percent, Accufluor" * 2010 has a content of fluorine of 11 percent by weight, Accufluor "* 2028 has a fluorine content of 28 percent by weight, and Accufluor" * 2065 has a fluorine content of 65 percent by weight.
10. 10. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorelastomer of the heat generating layer is selected from the group consisting of a) copolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene and) b terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene.
11. 11. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorelastomer of the heat generating layer comprises 35 mol% of vinylidene fluoride, 34 mol% of hexafluoropropylene, 29 mol% of tetrafluoroethylene and 2% by weight. mol of a curing monomer on site.
12. 12. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorelastomer of the heat generating layer is a fluoroelastomer grafted in volume.
13. 13. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluoroelastomer of the heat generating layer is present in an amount of about 20 to about 60 weight percent.
14. 14. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the resistance of the heat generating layer is from about 2 to about 500 ohms.
15. 15. A fusion member according to claim 14, characterized in that the resistance of the heat generating layer is from about 5 to about 100 ohms.
16. 16. - A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat generating layer further comprises a conductive filler selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, silver and nickel.
17. 17. A fusion member according to claim 16, characterized in that the heat generating layer filling is silver.
18. 18. A fusion member according to claim 17, characterized in that the silver is present in the heat generating layer in an amount of about 20 to about 70 weight percent based on the total weight of solids.
19. 19. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat generating layer has a thickness of about 20 to about 250 μm.
20. 20. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment release layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, fluorosilicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyfluoroalkoxypolytetrafluoroethylene, a) copolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene and b) ter-polymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene.
21. 21. - A fusion member according to claim 20, characterized in that the organic pigment release layer comprises an elastomer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer and polyfluoroalkoxypolytetrafluoroethylene.
22. 22. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment release layer comprises a volume grafted elastomer.
23. 23. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment release layer comprises a thermally conductive filler selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, carbon black and graphite.
24. 24. A merger member according to claim 23, characterized in that the filler is present in the organic pigment release layer in an amount of about 5 to about 30 weight percent of the total solids.
25. 25. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment release layer has a thickness of approximately 20 to 250 μm.
26. 26. - A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate is a hollow cylindrical roller.
27. 27. A fusion member according to claim 26, characterized in that the cylindrical substrate roller comprises a plastic selected from the group consisting of its. polyphenylene furo, polyamide imide, polyimide, polyketone, polyphthalamide, polyether ether acetone, polyether sulfone, polyether imide, aryl ether ketone and polyparabanic acid.
28. 28. A merger member according to claim 27, characterized in that the plastic substrate has a thickness of approximately .3175 to 1.27 cm (1/8 to approximately 1/2").
29. 29.- A merger member in accordance with claim 26, characterized in that the substrate roll has a diameter of about .508 to about 7.62 cm (.2 to about 3").
30. 30. A fusion member according to claim 1, characterized in that the fusion member has the ability to heat from a temperature of about 24 ° C to a temperature up to about 200 ° C in a time less than about 1 minute.
31. 31. - A fusion member according to claim 30, characterized in that the heating time is approximately less than 30 seconds.
32. 32.- Melting member that has the capacity to heat from a temperature of approximately 24"C to a temperature to approximately 200 ° C in a time less than about one minute, characterized in that it comprises: (a) a substrate of a cylindrical plastic roller (b) a heat generating layer that is provided in the roll substrate, the heat generating layer comprises a fluoroelastomer filled with silver and fluorinated carbon, and (c) an organic pigment release layer that is provided in the layer heat generator
33. 33.- Melting member having the capacity to heat at a temperature of about 200 ° C in a time less than about 30 seconds, characterized in that it comprises: (a) a plastic cylindrical roller substrate; a heat generating layer that is provided in the roll substrate, the heat generating layer comprises a fluoroelastomer filled with silver and fluorinated carbon, wherein the heat generating layer has a resistivity of about 5 to 100 ohms; and (c) an organic pigment release layer that is provided in the heat generating layer.