JP3112043B2 - Electric vehicle heating system - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heating apparatus for an electric vehicle in which hot water heated during charging is used as a heat absorbing source of a heat pump when riding on an electric vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an electric vehicle which does not have engine cooling water, such as an electric vehicle, a vehicle interior is heated using a heat pump.

[0003]

However, in an electric vehicle in which the interior of a vehicle is heated by a heat pump, an external heat exchanger serving as a refrigerant evaporator exchanges heat between the outside air (for example, 0 ° C.) and the refrigerant, thereby causing a heat pump. Is low, and a large power is required to obtain a desired heating capacity, so that the power consumed by the refrigerant compressor is large and the onboard power supply is greatly consumed. In addition, since the vehicle-mounted power supply also supplies power to the traveling motor of the electric vehicle, there is a problem that the traveling distance of the electric vehicle is reduced.
In addition, the heat pump has a problem in that heating of the passenger compartment cannot be performed immediately after getting on the vehicle because the heating rise at a low temperature is poor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a heating device for an electric vehicle that prevents a decrease in the traveling distance of the electric vehicle and that makes heating of a vehicle interior quicker.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electric refrigerant compressor which operates by receiving power supply from a vehicle-mounted power supply. An indoor heat exchanger that heats the interior of the vehicle by exchanging heat, and a heat pump that is disposed outside the vehicle and has a water-refrigerant heat exchanger that heats the refrigerant by exchanging heat between the refrigerant and hot water; and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger. A hot water circulation path for circulating hot water, a heat retention tank provided in the hot water circulation path for keeping warm water flowing into the inside, and a second heating means for heating the hot water in the heat retention tank when power is supplied from an external power supply. Technical means comprising 1 heating means and a second heating means for heating the hot water in the hot water circulation path by waste heat of an electric component which operates when electric power is supplied from a vehicle-mounted power supply is employed.

[0005]

According to the present invention, when electric power is supplied from the external power supply to the first heating means while the vehicle-mounted power supply is being charged, the hot water in the heat retaining tank is heated. Then, at the time of getting on the electric vehicle, the hot water in the heat retaining tank heated by the first heating means flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, so that the hot water and the refrigerant exchange heat with the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, and the refrigerant is cooled. Heated. The refrigerant heated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger is sent to the indoor heat exchanger by the operation of the electric refrigerant compressor, and radiates heat by the indoor heat exchanger, so that the heating of the vehicle interior starts up more quickly. In addition, when electric power is supplied from an on-board power source to an electric component when riding in an electric vehicle, the electric component generates heat when consuming electric energy. Then, in the second heating means, the hot water in the hot water circulation path is heated by the waste heat of the electric component and flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, so that the hot water and the refrigerant exchange heat with the water-refrigerant heat exchanger. The refrigerant is heated. The refrigerant heated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger is sent to the indoor heat exchanger by the operation of the electric refrigerant compressor, and the interior of the vehicle is heated by radiating heat in the indoor heat exchanger. Note that the coefficient of performance of the heat pump is improved by heating the vehicle interior by using the high-temperature thermal energy of the hot water as the refrigerant. Therefore, since the same heating capacity as that of the related art can be obtained with less power, the electric power consumed by the electric refrigerant compressor is reduced.
Therefore, the interior of the vehicle is heated while the consumption of the vehicle-mounted power supply is suppressed, so that the traveling distance of the electric vehicle is increased. Also,
In the present invention, when riding on an electric vehicle, it means a state in which a driving switch is turned on by a driver and a traveling motor can be rotated as soon as an accelerator pedal is depressed.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, a heating apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in FIGS. FIG.
Is a diagram showing a hot water heating device, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a heat pump, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an electric vehicle. The electric vehicle 1 includes a battery 4 serving as a vehicle-mounted power supply that is charged by a charger 3 serving as an external power supply via a junction box 2, an inverter 5 serving as an electric component supplied with power from the battery 4 via the junction box 2, A traveling motor 6 as an electric component whose frequency is changed by converting the frequency by the inverter 5,
A transmission 7 driven by the traveling motor 6 and a differential mechanism 9 connected to an output shaft 8 of the transmission 7 are mounted.

The electric vehicle 1 is equipped with an air conditioner 10 for air-conditioning the interior of the vehicle. The air conditioner 10 includes a blower duct 11 for sending air into the vehicle interior, a blower 12 for generating an airflow in the blower duct 11 toward the vehicle interior, a heat pump 13 for heating the vehicle interior, and a hot water for heating hot water. Heating device 14 and air conditioner 1
0 is provided for the control circuit 15. Inside air duct 11, inside air (vehicle interior air) introduced from inside air introduction port 16 or outside air (vehicle outside air) introduced from outside air introduction port 17 is supplied to differential air outlet 18, vent air outlet 19, or foot air outlet. An air flow path 21 for feeding to 20 is formed. The blower 12 is disposed on the windward side of the air flow path 21 and is driven to rotate by a blower motor 22. The blower motor 22
Rotates the blower 12 at a predetermined speed when power is supplied from the battery 4 mounted on the electric vehicle.

The heat pump 13 is a so-called accumulator type refrigeration cycle, and includes a refrigerant compressor 23, a first indoor heat exchanger 24, a pressure reducing device 25, a second indoor heat exchanger 26, an outdoor heat exchanger 27, a water refrigerant. The heat exchanger 28 and the accumulator 29 are connected. The heat pump 13 switches the flow direction of the refrigerant of the heat pump 13 between the heating operation and the cooling operation by the check valves 30 to 33, the four-way valve 34, and the solenoid valves 35 to 37. The refrigerant compressor 23 is housed in a closed housing 38. The refrigerant compressor 23 includes a housing 38
Is rotationally driven by an electric motor 23a mounted therein,
The refrigerant gas sucked into the inside from the suction side is compressed and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas is discharged from the discharge side. The electric motor 23
When the power is supplied from the battery 4 (see FIG. 3), the drive a drives the refrigerant compressor 23 at a predetermined rotation speed.

The first indoor heat exchanger 24 is the indoor heat exchanger of the present invention, and is disposed in the air passage 21 on the lee side of the second indoor heat exchanger 26, and includes a pressure reducing device 25 and a check valve 30. , 31 are connected. On the windward side of the first indoor heat exchanger 24, the amount of air passing through the first indoor heat exchanger 24 and the amount of air bypassing the first indoor heat exchanger 24 are adjusted to adjust the amount of air blown into the vehicle interior. An air mix door 24a for adjusting the temperature is rotatably mounted. The first indoor heat exchanger 24 functions as a refrigerant condenser that exchanges heat between a high-temperature refrigerant gas and air flowing through the air flow path 21 during heating operation to heat the air and condense the refrigerant. The first indoor heat exchanger 24 heats the air by exchanging heat between the high-temperature liquid refrigerant condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger 27 and the air flowing in the air flow path 21 during the cooling operation, and supercools the refrigerant. Work as a heat exchanger. The pressure reducing device 25 uses a fixed throttle such as a capillary tube, for example, and is connected between the first and second indoor heat exchangers 24 and 26.

The second indoor heat exchanger 26 is disposed in the air passage 21 on the windward side of the first indoor heat exchanger 24,
And the check valves 32 and 33. This second
The indoor heat exchanger 26 serves as a refrigerant evaporator that exchanges heat between the low-temperature and low-pressure mist-like refrigerant and the air flowing through the air flow path 21 to cool the air and evaporate the refrigerant during the heating operation and the cooling operation. The outdoor heat exchanger 27 is disposed outside the vehicle compartment, and is connected between the four-way valve 34 and the check valves 31 and 33. The outdoor heat exchanger 27 is connected to the low-pressure refrigerant gas evaporated in the second indoor heat exchanger 26 during the heating operation and the electric fan 2.
It functions as a refrigerant evaporator that heats the refrigerant by exchanging heat with the outside air blown by 7a. In addition, the outdoor heat exchanger 2
7 is a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas and electric fan 2 during cooling operation.
It functions as a refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with the outside air blown by 7a to condense the refrigerant. Water refrigerant heat exchanger 28
Are arranged outside the vehicle compartment and connected in parallel to the outdoor heat exchanger 27. The water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 evaporates the refrigerant by exchanging heat between the low-pressure mist-like refrigerant flowing through the first refrigerant pipe 39 and the electromagnetic valve 35 to be described later and the warm water flowing into the inside during the heating operation. Acts as a refrigerant evaporator.

The accumulator 29 includes a refrigerant compressor 23
The refrigerant flowing from the four-way valve 34 is separated into a liquid refrigerant and a refrigerant gas, and only the refrigerant gas is supplied to the suction side of the refrigerant compressor 23. Solenoid valve 35
Is a pipe line switching means of the present invention, which is disposed in a first refrigerant pipe 39 connected in parallel with the second indoor heat exchanger 26, and when energized, opens the valve to open the second indoor heat exchanger 26. When it is not necessary to dehumidify the refrigerant, the refrigerant is bypassed. When the energization is stopped, the valve is closed and the first refrigerant pipe 39 is shut off. The solenoid valve 36 is a conduit switching means of the present invention, and is disposed in the second refrigerant conduit 40 connected in parallel to the water refrigerant heat exchanger 28. When energized, the electromagnetic valve 36 opens to open the outdoor heat exchanger 27. The refrigerant is circulated through the flow path, and when the power supply is stopped, the valve is closed and the second refrigerant pipe 40 is shut off. Solenoid valve 3
7 is disposed in a bypass pipe 41 connected in parallel with the outdoor heat exchanger 27, and when energized, the valve opens to open the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2
The refrigerant is circulated to the bypass pipe 8, and when the power supply is stopped, the valve is closed to shut off the bypass pipe 41.

The hot water heater 14 includes a hot water circulation path 42, an electric heater 43, first and second waste heat recovery units 44 and 45, an outdoor heat exchanger 46, circulation pumps 47 and 48, three-way valves 49 and 5,
0 and solenoid valves 51, 52 and the like. A heat insulating material 53 for insulating the inside and the outside from each other is provided in the hot water circulation path 42.
Tank 5 for keeping warm water covered by
4 is attached. As the heat insulating material 53, a foam material, a vacuum bottle, or the like is used. This hot water circulation path 42
Insulation tank 54, three-way valve 49, water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, three-way valve 50, first and second waste heat recovery units 44, 45, circulation pump 4
7 is connected in an annular manner to circulate hot water (antifreeze) through the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 28. The hot water circulation path 42 includes a bypass path 55 that bypasses the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 and first and second bypass paths 55.
A bypass 56 that bypasses the waste heat recovery units 44 and 45, a hot water cooling path 57 that passes through the outdoor heat exchanger 46, and a bypass 58 that bypasses the outdoor heat exchanger 46 are connected.

The electric heater 43 is the first heating means of the present invention, and is provided in
When the battery is charged, the hot water in the heat retaining tank 54 is heated by the electric power from the charger 3, and for example, a nichrome wire heater is used. The first waste heat recovery device 44 is the second heating means of the present invention, and is disposed outside the vehicle compartment and connected between the three-way valve 50 and the second waste heat recovery device 45. This first waste heat recovery unit 4
4 is provided with a water jacket into which the warm water flows into the outer periphery of the running motor 6 of the electric vehicle 1, recovers waste heat generated by the operation of the running motor 6 of the electric vehicle 1, and heats the hot water by the waste heat. I do. The second waste heat recovery unit 45
A second heating means according to the present invention, wherein the second heating means is disposed outside the vehicle compartment and comprises a first heating means.
It is connected between the waste heat recovery unit 44 and the circulation pump 47. The second waste heat recovery device 45 includes a hot water chamber into which hot water flows around an outer periphery of a plate material having excellent thermal conductivity for fixing a heating element such as a transistor incorporated in the inverter 5, and a heating element generated by the operation of the inverter 5. Waste heat is recovered, and the waste heat heats hot water. The outdoor heat exchanger 46 is
The electric vehicle 1 is installed in a place where the traveling wind is apt to receive the traveling wind, and exchanges heat between high-temperature hot water and outside air blown by the electric fan 46a to cool the hot water.

The circulation pump 47 is driven to rotate by an electric motor 47a, is connected between the second waste heat recovery unit 45 and the heat retaining tank 54, and circulates hot water when power is supplied from the battery 4. The circulation pump 48 is driven to rotate by an electric motor 48a, is connected between the three-way valve 50 and the heat retaining tank 54, and circulates hot water when power is supplied from the battery 4. When electric power is supplied from the battery 4, the electric motors 47 a and 48 a
8 is driven. The three-way valve 49 is a circuit switching means of the present invention, and is set at a first position connecting the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 28 and the heat retaining tank 54 when the electromagnetic coil 49a is energized,
When the energization of the electromagnetic coil 49a is stopped, the electromagnetic coil 49a is set to the second position where the heat retaining tank 54 and the bypass path 55 are connected. The three-way valve 50 is a circuit switching means of the present invention, and when the electromagnetic coil 50a is energized, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 and the first and second
It is set to the first position where the waste heat recovery units 44 and 45 are connected, and is set to the second position where the bypass path 56 and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 are connected when the energization of the electromagnetic coil 50a is stopped.

When the three-way valve 49 is set at the first position,
When the three-way valve 50 is set to the second position, a first hot water circuit (heat storage hot water circulation circuit) in which hot water circulates through the heat retaining tank 54 → the water refrigerant heat exchanger 28 → the circulation pump 48 → the heat retaining tank 54 is formed. . When the three-way valve 49 is set to the first position and the three-way valve 50 is set to the first position, the heat retaining tank 54 → the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 28 → the first waste heat recovery unit 44 → the second waste heat recovery. Table 45
→ Circulation pump 47 → A second hot water circuit (waste heat hot water circulation circuit) in which hot water circulates in heat retention tank 54 is formed. Further, when the three-way valve 49 is set at the second position, the heat retaining tank 54 → the bypass path 55 → the first waste heat recovery unit 44 → the second waste heat recovery unit 45
→ Circulation pump 47 → Third hot water circuit (waste heat recovery circuit) in which hot water circulates in heat retention tank 54 is formed. The solenoid valve 51 is
When energized, the valve opens to supply hot water to the hot water cooling path 57,
When the energization is stopped, the valve closes and hot water is supplied to the bypass passage 58. Note that a thermostat (temperature-sensitive valve) may be used instead of the electromagnetic valve 51. The electromagnetic valve 52 opens when energized and partially supplies hot water to the heat retaining tank 54, and closes when energization is stopped to supply hot water only to the bypass 58.

The control circuit 15 includes a control computer 60 of the electric vehicle 1, a control panel 61 of the air conditioner 10, water temperature sensors 62 and 63, and an outside air temperature sensor 64.
Motor 22, electromagnetic valves 35, 51, 52, electric motors 23a, 47a, 48
a, controlling the energization (hereinafter referred to as ON) and stopping the energization (hereinafter referred to as OFF) of the electric fans 27a and 46a, the electric heater 43, and the electromagnetic coils 49a and 50a. The control computer 60 sends a charge signal to the control circuit 15 when the battery 4 is charged, and when the operation switch 65 is turned on,
That is, an operation signal is sent to the control circuit 15 when the traveling motor 6 operates. When the driver turns on the operation switch 65 and depresses an accelerator pedal (not shown), the traveling motor 6 is supplied with electric power from the battery 4 and rotates. The control panel 61 is mounted on the front side of the vehicle interior and controls various control switches (not shown) for switching between heating operation and cooling operation, switching between inside and outside air, switching between air outlets, setting a desired temperature in the vehicle interior, and the like. And sends an electrical signal (for example, a heating signal or a cooling signal) corresponding to various control switches to the control circuit 15. The water temperature sensor 62 detects the temperature of the hot water in the heat retaining tank 54, converts the detected temperature into an electric signal, and
Send to 5. The water temperature sensor 63 detects the temperature of the hot water after the recovery of the waste heat. In the present embodiment, the water temperature sensor 63 is provided between the downstream side of the circulation pump 47 and the upstream side of the solenoid valve 51, and the hot water at this location is provided. The temperature is detected, and the detected temperature is converted into an electric signal and sent to the control circuit 15. Further, the outside air temperature sensor 64 detects the outside air temperature (the temperature of the air outside the vehicle compartment),
The detected outside air temperature is converted into an electric signal and the control circuit 15
Send to

Next, the air conditioner 1 for an electric vehicle will be described.
0 will be briefly described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of the hot water heating device 14 when the battery 4 is charged by the control circuit 15. First, it is determined whether or not a charging signal has been input from the control computer 60 (step S1). If the determination result in step S1 is No, the process returns. If the result of the determination in step S1 is Yes, it is determined whether or not the temperature Tw1 of the hot water detected by the water temperature sensor 62 has fallen below the set temperature TL ° C. (for example, 10 ° C.) (step S2).

If the result of the determination in step S2 is No, the process returns. If the determination result in step S2 is Yes, the electric heater 43 is turned on (step S3), and thereafter, the temperature Tw1 of the hot water detected by the water temperature sensor 62 rises to a set temperature TH ° C (for example, 90 ° C) or more. It is determined whether or not it is performed (step S4). If the determination result of step S4 is No, the control of step S4 is performed. If the result of the determination in step S4 is Yes, the electric heater 43 is turned off (step S5), and the process returns. Therefore, at the time of charging,
4 so that the temperature of the hot water in the heater 4 becomes 90 ° C., for example.
, And the hot water is stored for immediate effect heating during the heating operation during riding. The above control becomes unnecessary if a PTC heater having a Curie point of 90 ° C. is used instead of the nichrome wire heater used as the electric heater 43 as the first heating means.

FIG. 5 shows the electric vehicle 1 in the control circuit 15.
4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of the hot water heating device 14 when the user gets on the vehicle. First, the control computer 60
It is determined whether or not an operation signal has been input from. That is, it is determined whether or not the operation switch 65 of the traveling motor 6 is turned on (step S11). If the determination result in step S11 is No, the process returns. If the determination result of step S11 is Yes, the electric motor 47a of the circulation pump 47 is turned on, and the electromagnetic valve 52
Is turned off (step S12), and then the water temperature sensor 63 is turned off.
The temperature Tw2 of the hot water detected at step S1 is set to T1 ° C. (for example, 9 ° C.).
(Step S13). If the determination result of step S13 is No, the electromagnetic valve 51, the electric fan 46 of the outdoor heat exchanger 46
a is turned off (step S14), and thereafter, the process returns.

Therefore, when the temperature Tw2 of the hot water detected by the water temperature sensor 63 is lower than the set temperature T1 ° C. (eg, 90 ° C.), the first waste heat recovery unit 44 → the second waste heat recovery unit 45 → circulation A waste heat circulation circuit is formed in which the hot water circulates through the pump 47 → the bypass path 58 → the first waste heat recovery unit 44.
Therefore, the temperature of the hot water increases due to the waste heat of the traveling motor 6 and the inverter 5. If the determination result of step S13 is Yes, the solenoid valve 51, the outdoor heat exchanger 4
The electric fan 46a of No. 6 is turned on (step S15), and thereafter, the process returns. Therefore, the temperature Tw2 of the hot water detected by the water temperature sensor 63 becomes the set temperature T1 ° C. (for example, 90 ° C.).
° C) or higher, the first waste heat recovery unit 44 → the second
The waste heat recovery circuit 45 → the circulation pump 47 → the electromagnetic valve 51 → the outdoor heat exchanger 46 → the waste heat radiating circuit in which the hot water circulates through the first waste heat recovery device 44 is formed. Therefore, by radiating the retained heat of the hot water in the outdoor heat exchanger 46, the overheating of the inverter 5 and the traveling motor 6 can be prevented.

FIG. 6 shows the electric vehicle 1 in the control circuit 15.
4 is a flowchart showing an example of heat storage recovery control of the hot water heating device 14 when the vehicle gets on. First, it is determined whether a heating signal has been input from the control panel 61 (step S21). If the determination result in step S21 is No, the blower motor 22, the circulation pump 47,
The electric motors 47a, 48a of 48 and the electromagnetic coils 49a, 50a of the three-way valves 49, 50 are turned off (end of the heating operation) (step S22), and thereafter, the process returns. If the determination result of step S21 is Yes, it is determined whether the temperature Tw2 of the hot water detected by the water temperature sensor 63 is higher than the temperature Tw1 of the hot water detected by the water temperature sensor 62 (step S23).

If the determination result in step S23 is No, the electric motor 48a of the circulation pump 48 and the three-way valve 4
9 to turn on the electromagnetic coil 49a and turn off the electromagnetic coil 50a of the three-way valve 50 (step S2).
4). Then return. In this heat storage recovery operation,
A first hot water circuit (heat storage hot water circulation circuit) in which hot water circulates through the heat retaining tank 54 → the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 → the circulation pump 48 → the heat retaining tank 54 is formed. Therefore, hot water of, for example, 90 ° C. stored in the heat retaining tank 54 at the time of charging circulates in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28.

The result of the determination in step S23 is Yes.
, The electric motor 47a of the circulation pump 47, the electromagnetic coils 49a and 50a of the three-way valves 49 and 50, and the electromagnetic valve 52
Is turned on, and the waste heat recovery operation of turning off the electric motor 48a of the circulation pump 48 is performed (step S25). Then return. In this waste heat recovery operation, the heat retention tank 54 → the water refrigerant heat exchanger 28 → the first waste heat recovery device 44 → the second waste heat recovery device 45 → the circulation pump 47 → the second hot water circuit in which the hot water circulates through the heat retention tank 54. Is formed. Therefore, the hot water heated by the waste heat of the traveling motor 6 and the inverter 5 circulates in the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 28. Further, the temperature of the hot water caused by waste heat of the traveling motor 6 and the inverter 5 due to a change in the traveling pattern of the electric vehicle 1 is smoothed by the heat retaining tank 54. As described above, the heat of the hot water circuit is effectively circulated to the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 28 by the heat storage recovery circuit and the waste heat recovery circuit.

FIG. 7 shows the electric vehicle 1 in the control circuit 15.
4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control for recovering heat from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 by a heating operation of the heat pump 13 when the vehicle is riding on the vehicle. First, it is determined whether a heating signal has been input from the control panel 61 (step S31). If the determination result in step S31 is No, the blower motor 22, the electric motor 23a of the refrigerant compressor 23, the solenoid valve 35, and the electric fan 2 of the outdoor heat exchanger 27
7a is turned off (the heating operation ends) (step S32), and thereafter, the process returns. If the determination result of step S31 is Yes, the electric motor 23 of the refrigerant compressor 23
a, solenoid valve 35, electric fan 27a of outdoor heat exchanger 27
Is turned on to control the heating operation for switching the four-way valve 34 to the heating operation side (step S33). The flow of the refrigerant in the heat pump 13 in the heating operation is changed by the refrigerant compressor 23 →
Four-way valve 34 → check valve 30 → first indoor heat exchanger 24 → pressure reducing device 25 → solenoid valve 35 → check valve 33 → outdoor heat exchanger 27
→ four-way valve 34 → accumulator 29 → refrigerant compressor 23
Becomes Then, it is determined whether or not the temperature Tw1 of the hot water detected by the water temperature sensor 62 is lower than the outside temperature To detected by the outside temperature sensor 64 (Step S34). If the determination result of step S34 is No, the solenoid valve 37
Is turned on, and the electromagnetic valve 36 is turned off (step S35), and thereafter, the process returns. If the determination result in step S34 is Yes, the solenoid valve 36 is turned on, and the solenoid valve 37 is turned on.
Is turned off (step S36), and thereafter, the process returns.
As described above, while the temperature of the hot water in the heat retaining tank 54 is higher than the outside air temperature, heat can be recovered from the hot water.

When the outdoor heat exchanger 27 is frosted, a defrosting operation is performed in which the electromagnetic valve 35 is turned off and the four-way valve 34 is switched to the cooling operation side. That is, by performing the defrosting operation of the heat pump 13, the flow of the refrigerant in the heat pump 13 is changed to the refrigerant compressor 23 → the four-way valve 34 → the outdoor heat exchanger 27 → the check valve 31 → the first indoor heat exchanger 24 → decompression. Device 2
5 → second indoor heat exchanger 26 → check valve 32 → four-way valve 34 →
The accumulator 29 becomes the refrigerant compressor 23. Therefore, frost on the outdoor heat exchanger 27 is removed by the flow of the high-temperature refrigerant gas into the outdoor heat exchanger 27. Also, at this time, the first indoor heat exchanger 24 functions as a refrigerant condenser, so that the heating state of the vehicle interior is ensured even during such a defrosting operation.

As described above, the air-conditioning apparatus 10 of this embodiment uses the hot water in the heat retaining tank 54, which has been heated by the electric heater 43 while the battery 4 is being charged, to heat the electric vehicle 1 when riding on the electric vehicle 1. At the beginning of operation, by flowing into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 and exchanging heat with the refrigerant, high-temperature heat energy is given to the refrigerant to heat the passenger compartment,
Even if the outside air temperature is low, the heating of the vehicle interior starts up quickly, and the vehicle interior is immediately heated. In addition, the first and second waste heat recovery devices 44 and 45 circulate hot water heated by the waste heat of the traveling motor 6 and the inverter 5 to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 when the electric vehicle 1 is boarded. The heating-side enthalpy width and the refrigerant compressor 23
Heat pump 13 which is the ratio to the enthalpy width worked
The coefficient of performance (cop) when using the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 can be significantly improved as compared with when using the outdoor heat exchanger 27. Therefore, the same heating capacity as that of the prior art can be obtained with less power, so that the refrigerant compressor 2
The electric power consumed by the third electric motor 23a can be significantly reduced. Therefore, even if the operation of the heat pump 13 is continued, the interior of the vehicle can be heated without greatly draining the battery 4, so that the traveling distance of the electric vehicle 1 is increased. Further, at this time, the first and second waste heat recovery units 44, 4
5 and the heat retaining tank 54 are used in a series circuit, so that the instability of the amount of waste heat coming from the traveling pattern of the electric vehicle 1 is smoothed, and the heating capacity is stabilized.

[Modification] In this embodiment, a nichrome wire heater is used as the electric heater 43 constituting the first heating means, but another electric heating means such as a PTC heater may be used as the first heating means. Further, the electric heater 43 may be used at the time of the heat storage operation of the hot water heating device 14. Further, a method may be used in which a heat storage agent utilizing latent heat is placed in a separate container in the heat retaining tank 54, and the heat storage of the heat storage agent is used for heating hot water. Then, first and second heating means for heating hot water may be provided in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28. In this embodiment, the traveling motor 6 and the inverter 5 are used as the electric components. However, other electric components such as an electric refrigerant compressor and a headlight of the electric vehicle 1 may be used. In the present embodiment, the first indoor heat exchanger 24 is arranged in the air duct 11, but the first indoor heat exchanger 24 may be installed directly in the vehicle interior. In this embodiment, the first refrigerant pipe 39 provided with the outdoor heat exchanger 27 and the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 are provided by comparing the temperature (Tw1) of the hot water in the heat retaining tank 54 with the outside air temperature (To). Although the heat is recovered by switching the second refrigerant pipe 40, the first refrigerant pipe 39 may be switched to the second refrigerant pipe 40 when a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the heating operation. The first refrigerant line 39 and the second refrigerant line 40 may be switched every time.

[0028]

According to the present invention, the interior of the vehicle can be heated while the consumption of the battery is suppressed, so that the traveling distance of the electric vehicle can be prevented from being reduced. In addition, the heating of the vehicle interior can be quickly started to quickly heat the vehicle interior.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a hot water heating device applied to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a heat pump applied to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing an electric vehicle applied to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of a hot water heating device when charging a battery in a control circuit applied to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the hot water heating device when the electric vehicle is boarded by the control circuit applied to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the hot water heating device when the electric vehicle is boarded by the control circuit applied to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a heating operation of the heat pump when the electric vehicle is boarded by the control circuit applied to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric vehicle 3 Charger (external power supply) 4 Battery (vehicle power supply) 5 Inverter (electric part) 6 Motor for driving (electric part) 13 Heat pump 14 Hot water heater 15 Control circuit 23 Refrigerant compressor 24 First indoor heat exchanger 27 outdoor heat exchanger 28 water refrigerant heat exchanger 35 solenoid valve (pipe switching means) 36 solenoid valve (pipe switching means) 39 first refrigerant pipe 40 second refrigerant pipe 42 hot water circulation path 43 electric heater ( 1 heating means) 44 first waste heat recovery device (second heating means) 45 second waste heat recovery device (second heating means) 49 three-way valve (circuit switching means) 50 three-way valve (circuit switching means) 54 thermal insulation tank

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Keita Honda, 1-1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Japan Inside Denso Co., Ltd. (72) Kenichi Fujiwara 1-1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Japan Japan Denso Stock In-company (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B60H 1/22

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A motor-driven refrigerant compressor which operates by receiving power supply from a vehicle-mounted power supply, is disposed in a vehicle interior, and exchanges heat between a refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor and air to form a vehicle. An indoor heat exchanger that heats the room, and is located outside the vehicle compartment,
A heat pump having a water-refrigerant heat exchanger that heats the refrigerant by exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the hot water; (b) a hot-water circuit that circulates hot water through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger; and (c) a hot-water circuit. (D) first heating means for heating the hot water in the heat retaining tank when electric power is supplied from an external power supply, and (e) electric power from the on-vehicle power supply. The hot water in the hot water circulation path is heated by waste heat of an electric component that operates when the hot water is supplied.
A heating device for an electric vehicle, comprising a heating unit. 2. A first hot water circuit for circulating hot water through the hot water circulation path to the water / refrigerant heat exchanger and the heat retaining tank; and a water / water refrigerant heat exchanger through the hot water circulation path and 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a second hot water circuit that circulates hot water through the heating device and the heat retaining tank; and a circuit switching unit that switches between the first hot water circuit and the second hot water circuit. 3. Heating system for electric vehicles. 3. A first refrigerant pipe connected to an outdoor heat exchanger in parallel with the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, for supplying a refrigerant to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger,
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second refrigerant pipe that supplies a refrigerant to the outdoor heat exchanger, and a pipe switching unit that switches between the first refrigerant pipe and the second refrigerant pipe. 3. The heating device for an electric vehicle according to claim 1.