JP3092164B2 - Automatic performance device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic performance apparatus capable of synchronizing automatic performance of musical tones in an electronic musical instrument or the like with reproduction of music by a compact disk (CD) or digital audio tape recorder (DAT). .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Anyone can easily enjoy music with excellent sound quality by automatically making a sequencer play music or the like in accordance with the reproduction of audio such as a CD.

In such a case, there has been no system for synchronizing the performance of the CD and the sequencer in the past.
The recording or reproduction of the sequencer is performed at the same time as the reproduction starts from the beginning of the music of D, and only the start timing of both the CD and the sequencer can be adjusted.

In such a conventional example, if a pause or fast forward is performed during reproduction of a CD, the synchronization between the CD and the sequencer is lost at that point. Even if the pause and the fast-forward are not performed, if the reproduction of the CD and the sequencer is not synchronized, the deviation of the performance timing between the two increases with time.

In order to prevent such a situation, it is necessary to synchronize the clock (abbreviated as CDCK) of a subcoding frame such as a CD with the recording / playback clock (abbreviated as SQCK) of the sequencer.

[0006] The sub-coding frame is 00 per second.
The frame number is up to 74, which is 75 Hz in terms of frequency. On the other hand, in a sequencer, for example, 125 Hz
Clock is required.

This 125 Hz clock is generally obtained by dividing the frequency (about 1 MHz) of a clock oscillator for a timer in an internal circuit.

[0008]

However, the original CD
Is different from the clock source of the sequencer, the frequency ratio between the two clocks is not completely constant, and there is a slight error in the frequency ratio. For this reason, conventionally, the clock of the CD and the clock of the sequencer could not be completely synchronized.

An object of the present invention is to prevent the frequency ratio error between the two clocks, which gradually increases with the lapse of time, from being accumulated, and to perform a non-reproduction operation such as fast-forwarding a CD or the like, and then resume the reproduction state. Even if you return to
The object is to keep the reproduction of the CD and the sequencer synchronized.

[0010]

First, the present invention has an audio reproducing means for reproducing an audio signal. The means is, for example, a compact disc player or a digital audio tape recorder.

Next, there is provided first reference clock generating means for generating a first reference clock having a frequency of f ₁ hertz (f ₁ is a natural number) in synchronization with the reproduction operation of the audio signal. The means generates a CD clock having a frequency of f ₁ = 75 Hz as a first reference clock based on a subcoding frame such as a compact disc.

Subsequently, there is provided second reference clock generating means for generating a second reference clock having a frequency of f ₂ (f ₂ is a natural number) hertz. This means, for example, divides the frequency of a 1 MHz oscillator by 1/8000 to generate a clock having a frequency of f ₂ = 125 Hz.

Further, there is provided the following sequencer clock generating means. That is, the first means is synchronized with the audio signal reproducing operation by the audio reproducing means.
At the position of the pulse of the first reference clock generated from the reference clock generating means, the second reference clock generating means is caused to start generating the second reference clock. After the start of the generation, the second reference clock is output as a sequencer clock. Further, the common multiple of 1 / f ₁ and 1 / f ₂ is represented by X (for example, 1 / f ₁ = 1/75 and 1 / f ₂ = 1/12)
When the common multiple of 5 is X = 1), the pulse of the (X × f ₂ ) (= 125) th second reference clock from the position without including the pulse at the generation start position is (X × f ₂ ).
f ₁ ) The start-up synchronization is established with respect to the (75) th pulse of the first reference clock, and the above operation is repeated with that time as the new generation start position to generate a sequencer clock.

Then, at least in synchronization with the above-mentioned sequencer clock (ie, for example, it may be synchronized with a clock whose phase is shifted by 180 degrees from the sequencer clock), performance data for automatically playing a musical instrument, ie, pitches Sequencer means for recording / reproducing information relating to sound and tone or velocity.

Further, according to the present invention, the musical instrument is automatically played in synchronization with the playback of the audio signal by the audio playback means based on the performance data output from the sequencer means. In the case of returning to the reproduction state after shifting to the state described above, the above-described sequencer means may be configured as described below, and may be configured to include the following calculation means.

That is, first, when recording the performance data, the sequencer means starts from the pulse position of the first reference clock generated by the first reference clock generation means synchronized with the reproduction operation of the audio signal by the audio reproduction means. The bar line data indicating the counted bar boundaries is also recorded.

Next, there is provided the following arithmetic means.
That is, the arithmetic means calculates the number of pulses of the second reference clock (excluding the pulse at the reproduction start position) from the start of the reproduction of the audio signal by the audio reproduction means to the measured reproduction return position of the audio reproduction means. further,
The sequencer divides the calculated number of pulses by the number of second reference clocks corresponding to one bar of the music to be automatically played. Then, the arithmetic means detects the position of the bar line data corresponding to the number of measures of a value obtained by adding 1 to the value of the quotient obtained by the division, and instructs the sequencer means from the position of the bar line data to the above-mentioned value. Automatic performance is resumed from a position advanced by the number of pulses of the second reference clock corresponding to the value of the remainder obtained by the division.

Further, in addition to the configuration of the present invention described above, the reproduction tempo of the audio signal in the audio reproduction means is varied, and the frequencies f ₁ and f ₂ of the first reference clock and the second reference clock are changed accordingly. In addition to the change, a tempo control means for transposing the pitch at the time of the automatic performance may be provided.

[0019]

When the automatic performance is performed in synchronization with the reproduction of the audio reproduction means such as a compact disk player, the sequencer clock generation means performs a predetermined time (for example, one time).
Every second), the sequencer clock can be synchronized with the clock of the audio reproducing means in the start-stop mode.

Therefore, even if a synchronization timing error occurs due to the eccentricity of the CD or the frequency error of the sequencer clock, the error is not accumulated, and the automatic performance is performed at the correct timing synchronized with the audio reproduction. be able to.

Further, when the audio reproducing means returns to a reproducing state from a state other than reproduction, such as fast-forward, for example, even if the position to be returned is in the middle of the music, the audio reproduction means starts from the beginning of the music. The position of the first reference clock or the second reference clock based on the time to the position is determined as the start position of the automatic performance, and the automatic performance can be started immediately (in synchronization) with the music to be reproduced. .

Further, even when the tempo of the audio reproducing means is changed, the automatic performance can be correctly synchronized.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A description will now be given of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a system for automatically playing an electronic keyboard instrument in accordance with the reproduction of a CD player.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of this embodiment, which is roughly divided into a CD player section 100 and an electronic keyboard instrument section 200. The stereo output (L, L) of the CD playback sound in the CD player section 100 and the performance sound in the electronic keyboard instrument section 200, respectively.
R) is mixed in the mixers 300, 303.
The mixing ratio depends on the operation position of the mixer knob 202a in FIG. 7 (a part of the musical instrument operating unit 202 in FIG. 6 described later).
It is set by being output from 0.

The outputs of the mixers 300 and 303 are emitted from the speakers 302 and 305 via the amplifiers 301 and 304 as musical sounds in which the reproduced sound of the CD player section 100 and the performance sound of the electronic keyboard instrument section 200 are mixed. .

Next, the configuration of the CD player unit 100 will be described with reference to the block diagrams of FIGS. In the figure, a CD 101 is set in a holder (not shown) of the CD player 100. CD operation unit 11
Reference numeral 5 denotes a music selection button for selecting a music, in addition to a CD operation switch group 124 for performing operations such as reproduction / stop / pause / fast-forward / fast-reverse as shown in FIG. (When this button is pressed at the time of music selection), a CD music selection switch group 125 composed of numeric keys is provided.

Referring back to FIGS. 2 and 3, the system control circuit 116 is, for example, a microprocessor.
The entire control of the CD player unit 100 is performed. In addition, when driving CD101, CLV (Constant Linear Ver.
ocity) A drive control signal is output to the servo circuit 108, the focus servo 104, the feed servo 107, and the tracking servo 105.

The CLV servo circuit 108 controls the number of revolutions of the spindle motor 102 for driving the CD 101 to rotate so that the linear velocity of each track of the CD 101 becomes constant.

The focus servo 104 detects a focus error from the state of the reflected light of the laser beam, and based on the focus error, the optical pickup 1
The objective lens 03 is controlled and driven in the optical axis direction. The feed servo 107 detects the deviation of the laser beam from the center of the track of the CD 101,
The optical pickup 103 is moved in the radial direction by the feed motor 106. In addition, the tracking servo 105 causes the optical pickup 103 itself to follow a track with respect to a fast movement due to eccentricity of the disk or the like.

As described above, the laser beam emitted from the optical pickup 103 is controlled by the feed servo 107 and the tracking servo 105 so that the center of the track of the CD 101 is accurately emitted.

By the way, a projection called a pit is formed on the side of the CD 101 to which the laser beam is irradiated, so that a digital signal is recorded. The optical pickup 107 detects the presence or absence of a pit based on the amount of reflected light of the irradiated laser beam, reads out a digital signal corresponding to the presence or absence of the pit and its length, and outputs a digital signal as a reproduction signal. Input to the extraction circuit 110.

This reproduced signal is a kind of pulse train, and its pulse width varies in length from 3 to 11. When this pulse is differentiated, a non-continuous pulse train in which a pulse is partially missing is obtained. Become. Therefore, the data extraction circuit 110
, A clock extracting PL (not shown)
It is converted into a continuous pulse train using L (Phase Locked Loop), and a bit clock is extracted. One frame of a CD signal is composed of a 588-bit bit clock, and a frame synchronization signal is provided at the beginning of each frame. Also, since six samples (12 sample data words) of each of the L and R channels are included in one frame, the time of one frame is 1 / fs × 6 (sec) (fs: sampling frequency), and this frequency is 7.35. KHz. 588 in this
There are bits, so the read bit clock is 7.35
KHz × 588 = 4.3218 MHz, and the above-mentioned 7.35 KHz is used as a clock for detecting a frame synchronization signal.

Next, the frame synchronization circuit 111 detects a frame synchronization signal using the bit clock output from the data extraction circuit 110. Further, by using the detected frame synchronization signal, an EFM described later in each frame is used.
14-bit digital data (subcode, audio data, and the like) modulated by the modulation method is demodulated by the EFM demodulation circuit 112.

At this time, it is not known at what probability the logic "1" and the logic "0" of each bit of the digital data occur. Then, the optical pickup 103 in FIG.
When digital data is detected as an electrical signal from a pit on D101, if one of the logic "1" or "0" continues for a long time, a DC component is generated, and the bit interval information is interrupted. In such a state, the focus servo 104 performs a control operation based on the output of the optical pickup 103.
This may cause a malfunction in other servo circuits.

Therefore, in order to remove such a DC component as much as possible, data conversion is performed such that one of logic "1" or "0" does not continue for a long time in continuous bits of digital data to be recorded on the CD 105. , CD101
Will be recorded. This is called EFM modulation. In this way, in order to reproduce the EFM modulated signal recorded on the CD 101, the EFM demodulation circuit 112 performs a demodulation process reverse to the above-described modulation process.

Of the data subjected to the EFM demodulation as described above, the audio data is input to the signal processing circuit 113, and the subcode is input to the system control circuit 116. This subcode is used for searching for the beginning of a song when selecting a song, or for displaying the playing time.

Since one frame of a CD corresponds to six samples, this time is 6/44100 (sec), and 98 frames of this time is one subcoding frame, and the clock of this subcoding frame is used. The pulse CDCK is 6 × 98/44100 = as shown in FIG.
1/75 = 13.333 ... (ms). That is, the sub-coding frame is composed of 75 frames of 00 to 74 per second.

In the present invention, as will be described later, the sequence control section 203 in the electronic keyboard instrument section 200 detects the 00 sub-coding frame, and generates the zero frame detection signal and the above-described sub-coding frame. Is used for synchronous recording and synchronous reproduction described later.

This sub-coding frame has nine bits of P, Q, R, S,...
It consists of six frames (the remaining two frames of the above-mentioned 98 frames are for the sync pattern of the subcode). Of these, the P channel is based on the bit P and is used to represent the interval between music pieces as 1, as shown in FIG. The Q channel is based on the bit Q. As shown in FIG. 5, at each time during reproduction, fast forward, or fast reverse, the track number (song number) and relative time data (elapsed time from the beginning of the song) , And others. The relative time data is represented by minutes, seconds, and frame numbers (00 to 74).
The data is output from the system control circuit 116 in the D player unit 100 to the musical instrument control unit 201 in the electronic keyboard musical instrument unit 200.

When the CD player 100 is in the reproducing state, a “CD reproducing state signal” to be described later is output from the system control circuit 116 to the musical instrument control unit 201. Next, in FIG. 2 and FIG.
Writes sequentially the input audio data into the RAM 114, and stores the data in a CIRC (Cross Interleaved Reed-Solomo
n Code), an error correction process is performed, and a de-interleave process is performed to restore each sample of 16-bit digital audio data in frame units. The RAM 114 is also used as a buffer circuit for correcting a time axis that fluctuates due to the influence of motor rotation jitter and the like.

Thereafter, each sample of the 16-bit digital audio data is separated into a stereo L / R by an L / R separation circuit 119, and each is separated into a D / A converter 12.
After being converted into analog signals by 0 and 122, they are output from the low-pass filters LPF 121 and 123 as analog audio data.

The clock generation circuit 118 includes several frequency dividers (not shown) that sequentially divide the oscillation frequency of an internal oscillator by a factor of one. The 88.2 KHz and 44.1 KHz clocks obtained by these frequency dividers are used for L / R separation and D / A conversion, respectively, and the 7.35 KHz clock is used as a CLV servo reference clock.
The oscillation frequency of the internal oscillator of 1.4112 MHz is used for the clock of the LSI constituting each circuit in FIG.

In the above configuration, the clock at the input of the CLV servo circuit 108 is
The phase is compared with the input reference clock (frequency: 7.35 KHz), and it is completely locked to the reference clock. At this time,
At the input of the divider 109, a clock frequency of 7.35 kHz × 588 = 4.3218 MHz is obtained. This is a bit clock having the same accuracy and stability as the frequency of the crystal oscillator used as a reference. Of course, the linear velocity during reproduction of each track of the CD 101 is always kept constant.

When the frequency of the reference clock (7.35 KHz) at the input of the CLV servo circuit 108 is changed, the frequency of the output of the frequency divider 109 to be locked with the reference clock is changed. This frequency is proportional to the reproduction speed of the CD 101. That is, the reproduction speed of the CD 101 can be arbitrarily changed by changing the frequency of the reference clock (change of the reproduction speed will be described later).

In order to automatically play the electronic keyboard and musical instrument section 200 (in this case, the automatic playing is called synchronous playback) in accordance with (in synchronization with) the above-described playback operation of the CD player section 100, first, the player Is the keyboard 202 of the musical instrument operation unit 202
By performing the operation of b, event data (events such as note number, note on / off, and time data relating to the time between each event, see FIG. 10) and bar line data described later are recorded in the sequence memory 204. You.

In this case, the timing clock used for generating the time data between the above-mentioned events is CD.
For example, the case of synchronizing with a sub-coding frame, which will be described later, is referred to as synchronous recording. On the other hand, event data for a mere ordinary automatic performance (called normal reproduction in this case) without considering such synchronization is a sequence. Memory 2
When recorded in 04, it is called normal recording. Note that synchronous recording and normal recording are collectively referred to as sequencer recording, and synchronous reproduction and normal reproduction are collectively referred to as sequencer reproduction.

Next, the configuration of the electronic keyboard instrument section 200 is shown in FIG. First, the musical instrument operation unit 202 (see FIG. 6)
As shown in FIG. 7, in addition to a mixer knob 202a and a keyboard 202b for mixing a musical instrument sound and a CD reproduction sound, the following operation buttons used for the above-mentioned recording / reproduction are provided.

That is, as the operation buttons used for "sequencer recording", a push button switch 202d for performing "normal recording" and a push button switch for "CD synchronous recording" for performing synchronous recording with a CD are performed. 20
2e, and "OF" for ending the above recording operation.
There is an "F" button switch 202c.

On the other hand, as the operation buttons used for “sequencer playback”, “normal playback”, “CD synchronized playback”, “O”
FF "push button switches 202g, 202h, and 202f.

The instrument operating section 202 is further provided with a tempo setting key 202i, which will be described later. Next, the musical instrument control unit 201 of FIG. 6 includes a key press detection / sound assignment circuit, scans the key press state of the keyboard 202b in the musical instrument operation unit 202 at a fixed cycle, and presses and releases each key. Import key information. When the key is depressed, the control unit 2
Reference numeral 01 denotes a key which is assigned to one of a plurality of sounding assignment channels, and based on operation information of the key, event data such as key press / release information, pitch information, velocity information, time information, and the like. , And bar line data indicating the bar line number (number of bars) from the beginning of the song (at the start of automatic performance) are written into the sequence memory 204, and the above-described event data is stored in the tone generator 205.
Is output to The tone generator 205 generates a key code for specifying the key pressed based on the pitch information.

In this case, if the player does not operate a tempo setting key 202i, which will be described later, the tone waveform data of the pitch corresponding to this key code is output from the tone generator 2.
05, the D / A converter 206 and the LPF 209
Is converted to an analog tone signal. In this case, if the chorus effect is selected, the tone signal is separated by the chorus effect circuit 208 into two-channel (L, R) tone signals having a pseudo stereo effect.

The above is a case where the tempo setting key 202i (FIG. 6) of the musical instrument operating section 202 is not operated. For example, when the reproduction speed of the CD 101 is too fast for the player, the operation of the key is operated. Then, the reproduction speed (tempo) can be changed at a ratio in semitone intervals. That is, a setting signal corresponding to the tempo setting key 202i selected by the player from the musical instrument operating section 202 is output to the musical instrument control section 201. Then, tempo data based on the tempo setting signal is output to system control section 116 (FIG. 3) of CD player section 100. afterwards,
Tempo control data based on tempo data is output from system control section 116 to clock generation circuit 118, and the frequency of the internal oscillator is changed as described above. As a result, the playback tempo of the CD 101 is changed at a ratio in semitone intervals according to the selected tempo setting key 202i.

As described above, the tempo setting key 202i is operated to change the semitone (the ratio of the pitch is 1.059 or 1 / 1.05).
9 = 0.943). For example, if "± 0" of the tempo setting key 202 is pressed, the reproduction speed does not change, but "-1"
Press "" to reduce the playback speed to 94.3% of the reference speed, and "-2" to reduce the playback speed to 0.943 x 0.943 = 0.890, or 89%.

When the playback speed (tempo) of the CD is changed as described above, the pitch of the playback sound also changes.
It is necessary to transpose (transpose) the pitch of the electronic musical instrument. This transpose is performed as follows.

When a key is depressed, a key code based on the pitch information of the depressed key and a sound corresponding to the tempo setting key 202i out of the event data output from the musical instrument control unit 201. A high control signal is input to tone generator 205. This key code is composed of an octave code with an octave name given for each octave from the lowest note of the keyboard used, and 12 octaves within one octave.
It consists of chords corresponding to sounds.

Next, the key code and the pitch control signal are added or subtracted by the tone generator 205. Thus, for example, when 1 is subtracted from the value of the key code as the value of the pitch control signal, a sound having a pitch corresponding to a key that is a semitone lower than the pressed key is generated.

In this way, when the reproduction speed of the CD is changed, the pitch of the musical tone that changes with the change can be automatically transposed. Next, the above-described synchronous recording, synchronous reproduction, normal recording, and normal reproduction will be described.

First, the basic operation of recording and reproducing the automatic performance data will be described. The automatic performance data is recorded in the sequence memory 204 of FIG. This recording operation is performed by the musical instrument control unit 201 when the player operates the musical instrument operating unit 202.
The performance information (hereinafter, referred to as event data) such as a note number obtained by performing a performance operation on the keyboard 202b or the like is sequentially recorded in the sequence memory 204. More specifically, the musical instrument control unit 20
1 operates a predetermined interrupt program by a timer interrupt (hereinafter, referred to as a timer interrupt B) of a sequencer clock SQCK-B, which will be described later, output from the sequence control unit 203. At this timing, the musical instrument operating unit 202 When some event data is input from the, the event data is fetched. At the same time, the musical instrument control unit 201 fetches the time data output from the sequence control unit 203 and indicating the time from the generation of the previous event data to the generation of the current event data. Then, the musical instrument control unit 201 records the event data and the time data as a pair in the sequence memory 204 as automatic performance data. The sequence control unit 203 clears the time data at this event occurrence timing and starts counting again based on the sequencer clock SQCK-B.

On the other hand, in the operation of reproducing the automatic performance data, after the musical instrument control unit 201 reads out the time data from the sequence memory 204, a timer interrupt (described later) of a sequencer clock SQCK-A output from the sequence control unit 203 is performed. Hereinafter, this is referred to as a timer interrupt A), and a predetermined interrupt program is operated. At this timing, the time data indicating the elapsed time from the previous reproduction of the event data output from the sequence control unit 203 is fetched and stored in the sequence memory. Compare with the time data read from 204. Then, the value of the time data from the sequencer control unit 203 is stored in the sequence memory 2.
When the time reaches the value of the time data read out of the sequence memory 204, the musical instrument control unit 201
To read out the next event data to control the tone generator 205, and to read out new time data recorded in pairs with the event data. The sequence control unit 203 clears the time data at this timing, and starts counting again based on the sequencer clock SQCK-B. Hereinafter, the musical instrument control unit 201 controls the performance of the tone generator 205 based on the event data while controlling the timing of the automatic performance based on the both time data.

Based on the basic operation of recording and reproducing the automatic performance data described above, normal recording, normal reproduction, synchronous recording, and synchronous reproduction are realized. That is, in the case of the normal recording, the player operates the musical instrument operation unit 20.
When the "NORMAL RECORD" button 202d (see FIG. 7) is pressed, the output of the sequencer clock SQCK-B from the sequence control unit 203 is started by the normal start signal output from the musical instrument control unit 201.
The above-described automatic performance data recording operation is executed.

In the normal reproduction, when the player presses the "normal reproduction" button 202g in the musical instrument operation section 202, the sequence control section 203 starts outputting the sequencer clock SQCK-A. The operation of reproducing the automatic performance data is executed.

On the other hand, in the synchronous recording / synchronous reproduction, an operation for synchronizing with the reproduction operation of the CD is added to the recording / reproduction operation of the automatic performance data described above. The operation of synchronizing here means, firstly, the operation of synchronizing the start of reproduction of music on a CD with the start of recording / reproduction of automatic performance, and the second,
And the third is an operation of synchronizing the reproduction of the automatic performance when the reproduction of the CD is interrupted and then resumed after the reproduction is resumed. Hereinafter, each synchronous operation will be sequentially described.

First, at the time of synchronous recording, the player uses the CD selection switch group 125 shown in FIG. 4 to select a CD tune to be used using the numeric keypad. Next, the player presses a "CD synchronous recording" button 202e (see FIG. 7) in the musical instrument operating section 202 of the electronic keyboard musical instrument section 200. As a result, the “synchronous playback command” is transmitted from the musical instrument control unit 201 to the system control circuit 116 of the CD player unit 100, and
Playback of D is started. As a result, the relative time data by the Q channel of the sub-coding frame of the CD (FIG. 5)
), The system control circuit 1 of the CD player unit 100.
16 to the sequence control unit 203 via the musical instrument control unit 201 of the electronic keyboard instrument unit 200, and thereafter, the recording operation of the above-mentioned automatic performance data is started based on the performance operation of the player.

On the other hand, at the time of synchronous reproduction, the player
Using the D music selection switch group 125, a predetermined CD music is selected. Next, the player performs the “CD
Press the "Synchronous playback" button 202h. As a result, the “synchronous playback command” is sent from the musical instrument control unit 201 to the CD player unit 10.
0 is sent to the system control unit 116, and the reproduction of the CD is started. As a result, the relative time data is stored in the system control circuit 116 of the CD player unit 100 as in the case of the synchronous recording.
Then, it is input to the sequence control unit 203 via the musical instrument control unit 201 of the electronic keyboard musical instrument unit 200, and thereafter, the above-described automatic performance data reproducing operation is started.

By the above-mentioned synchronous recording / synchronous reproduction operation, C
The above-described first synchronization operation for synchronizing the start of the reproduction of the music piece D with the start of the recording / reproduction of the automatic performance is realized. At this time, the sequencer clocks SQCK-A and SQCK-B and the time data output from the sequence control unit 203 are synchronized with the CD playback timing in the CD player unit 100 as follows.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the sequence control section 203 for realizing the synchronous operation. First, when the player presses the "CD synchronous recording" button 202e (FIG. 7), the CD starts to be reproduced from the rise of the above-described P channel of the subcode, that is, the start point between music pieces. The relative time detection unit 210 in FIG. 8 detects the 00:00:00 frame from the relative time data (see FIG. 5) of the above-described Q channel of the CD subcode sent from the system control circuit 116 of the CD player unit 100. Then, a zero-time detection signal is output at that timing. In addition, the detection unit 210
Thereafter, 00 frames of A minutes and B seconds (representing an arbitrary time) are detected every second from the relative time data, and FIG.
(a) Outputs a zero-frame detection signal having a frequency of 1 Hz. Note that the relative time detection circuit 209 does not output a zero frame detection signal between songs whose time data decreases as shown in FIG. 5, and detects the beginning of the song when the relative time data becomes zero at the beginning of the song. The zero-time detection signal shown and the zero-frame detection signal every second thereafter are output.

Next, a sequencer clock generator (SQ
The CK generation unit 209 starts the sequencer clock S shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D from the time when the zero time detection signal is generated.
The generation of QCK-A and SQCK-B is started. here,
In the specification of the present embodiment, the sequencer clock SQCK-B is generated as a clock whose phase is shifted by a half cycle from the SQCK-A.

Here, each pulse of the zero frame detection signal shown in FIG.
When comparing with the 125th pulse of the sequencer clock SQCK-A shown in FIG. 9C generated in the QCK generation unit 209, the generation timings of both are ideally simultaneous, but actually, SQCK Due to the influence of the frequency error of -A, the time variation, the eccentricity of the CD, etc., there is a possibility that the difference between the timings of the two becomes large as time passes.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the following start-stop synchronization is performed every second.

That is, during synchronous recording, SQCK
The generation unit 209 outputs the 124th sequencer clock SQC
When the timer interrupt B of KB is generated, the generation of the timer interrupt A of the 125th sequencer clock SQCK-A to be generated next is prohibited. Then, the interrupt prohibition state is released by the zero frame detection signal generated from the relative time detection unit 210, and the generation of the sequencer clock SQCK-A is restarted from that point.

As described above, the reproduction clock of the CD is synchronized with the sequencer clock SQCK-A used for recording and reproduction of the automatic performance, the sequencer clock SQCK-B generated based on the clock, and the time data. Thus, the above-described second synchronous operation is realized.

The time interval at which the CD and the sequencer are made to start-stop as described above is determined by the CD clock CDCK (FIG. 9).
(See (b)) and the sequencer clock SQCK-A or the like. In the above example, the clock interval of the sequencer clock SQCK-A and the like is 8 ms, and C
The clock interval of the D clock CDCK is 13.3 ms. Therefore, their least common multiple is 40 ms, but if the start-stop synchronization is too short, the number of times of processing increases, and if it is too long, there is a problem in synchronization accuracy. Therefore, as described above, around 1000 ms = 1 s is appropriate.

Here, in the present embodiment, as described above, the CD
Is changed, the SQCK generator 20
The interruption period of the timer at 9 is also changed at the same rate. Depending on the accuracy of the timer, a slight error may occur from the desired period, but the error can be absorbed by the above-described start-stop synchronization operation.

Finally, during synchronous reproduction, the CD player unit 1
00 is in a state other than playback, such as fast-forward, and when returning from that state and starting playback, or after the CD is in a data reading error state and temporary playback is stopped, the CD is again in the data reading state. (In this case, an error signal is output from the signal processing circuit 113 to the system control circuit 116) will be described.

First, the principle of operation will be described. First, assuming that the frequency of the sequencer clocks SQCK-A and SQCK-B is 125 Hz, the time resolution of the automatic performance is 8 ms. Also, the number of minimum time units that divide the time signature of a musical piece into a quarter time signature and a quarter note length (this is called resolution, and the larger this value is, the finer the note length of automatic performance is). Assuming a value of 48, which can change and reproduce subtle nuances), the resolution per bar is 48 x 4 = 192.

Now, the point at which the CD is returned to the playback state after being in a state other than the above-described playback state is referred to as the CD.
And the frame unit is m minutes s seconds f (where f is an integer multiple of 3).

Next, this m-minute s-second f-frame is the sequencer clock SQCK of what bar and what pulse of the music.
-A is determined. In this case, the CD generates the clock pulse CDCK of the sub-coding frame of 75 Hz as described above, whereas the frequency of the SQCK-A is 125 Hz, so that the SQCK is generated as shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C.
Five periods (40 ms) of -A are equal to three periods of the clock of CDCK.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 11, synchronous reproduction is restarted at a position where the clock number of CDCK is an integer multiple of 3, and the position is obtained as follows.
First, an m-minute-s-second f-frame is equal to 125 (60m + S) + (5/3) f (1) SQCKs.

Next, the resolution per bar, that is,
By dividing equation (1) by the number 192 of SQCK, {125 (60m + S) + (5/3) f} / 192 (2) is obtained. Assuming that the quotient of this equation (2) is Q and the remainder is R, m
The minute s second f frame is a position advanced by {R + (5/3) f} sequence clocks SQCK-A in the (Q + 1) bar. For example, assuming that 3 minutes, 38 seconds, and 21 frames from the beginning of the music are the reproduction return point of the CD, from equation (2), Q = 142 and R = 21 are obtained, and a point advanced by 21 SQCK-A from the 143rd bar. Is the return point.

In practice, first, the musical instrument control unit 201 shown in FIG.
Monitors the CD playback status signal from the system control circuit 116 of FIG. 3, and when the CD shifts to a state other than playback, the musical instrument control unit 201 stops the automatic performance operation.

Next, the arithmetic section 211 in the sequence control section 203 shown in FIG. 6 determines the state of the CD reproduction state signal, and detects the CD detected only after the CD returns to the reproduction state.
It is delayed more than 40ms from the value of the clock CDCK, and
An m-minute s-second f-frame in which f is a multiple of 3 is determined (see FIG. 11).

Subsequently, the arithmetic unit 211 obtains the above-mentioned (Q + 1) and {R + (5/3) f} based on the above equations (1) and (2), and uses them as position data, Output to the control unit 201.

As a result, the musical instrument control unit 201 temporarily returns the pointer (address indication value) of the automatic performance data on the sequence memory 204 to the start address, and
The bar line data previously written in the same memory corresponding to (+1) as shown in FIG. 10 is obtained, the pointer is moved to the beginning of the bar, and the resolution is further increased by {R + (5/3) f} Move the pointer forward.

With the above operation, the reproduction point of the automatic performance corresponding to the frame of m minutes s seconds f can be determined. It should be noted that the bar line data is calculated and written by the musical instrument control unit 210 from the note length and the like of each event during synchronous recording.

As described above, when the CD returns to the reproduction state from a state other than reproduction, such as fast forward, the CD is immediately returned to the reproduction state.
The automatic performance synchronized with the playback of can be restarted. In this embodiment, the case where the electronic keyboard instrument is played along with the reproduction of the CD player has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a digital audio tape recorder (DAT) may be used as an audio reproducing apparatus. For example, a compact cassette recorder, an LP record player, or the like may be used, and the instrument may be an electronic wind instrument, an electronic string instrument, or the like, in addition to the electronic keyboard instrument.

[0085]

According to the present invention, a zero frame detection signal (frequency is 1 Hertz) based on a sub-coding frame of a CD or the like, for example, when the sequencer performs an automatic performance in synchronization with the reproduction of audio such as a CD. For example, since the synchronization timing clock for automatic performance is newly synchronized every predetermined time (for example, one second), there is no accumulation of synchronization timing errors. Therefore, it is possible to always perform an automatic performance that is correctly synchronized with a music performance such as a CD, regardless of the performance time.

In the state of the automatic performance described above, for example, C
Even if D is brought into a state other than reproduction, such as fast-forward, and then returned to the reproduction state again, it is possible to immediately resume the automatic performance synchronized with the music performance of the CD.

Further, even when the tempo of the audio reproducing means is changed, the automatic performance can be correctly synchronized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a CD player unit 100 (part 1);
It is.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the CD player unit 100 (part 2).
It is.

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a CD operation unit 115.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of each of P and Q channels in a lead-in area and a program area.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the electronic keyboard instrument unit 200.

FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the musical instrument operation unit 202.

FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram of a sequence control unit 203.

FIG. 9 is a time chart of the sequence control unit 203.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data configuration of a sequence memory 204.

FIG. 11 is a time chart of the present embodiment when returning from a state other than reproduction to a reproduction state.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 CD player unit 101 CD, 102 spindle motor 103 optical pickup 104 focus servo 105 tracking servo 106 feed motor 107 feed servo 108 CLV servo circuit 109 frequency divider 110 data extraction circuit 111 frame synchronization circuit 112 EFM demodulation circuit 113 signal processing circuit 114 RAM 115 CD operation section 116 System control circuit 118 Clock generation circuit 119 L / R separation circuit 120, 122 D / A converter 121, 123 LPF 124 CD operation switch group 125 CD selection switch group 200 Electronic keyboard instrument section 201 Musical instrument control section 202 Musical instrument operation unit 202a Mixer knob 202b Keyboard 202c Push button switch for sequencer recording OFF 202d Push for normal recording of sequencer recording Button switch 202e Push button switch for sequencer recording CD synchronous recording 202f Push button switch for sequencer reproduction OFF 202g Push button switch for sequencer reproduction normal reproduction 202h Push button switch for sequencer reproduction CD synchronous reproduction 202i Tempo setting Key 203 Sequence control unit, 204 Sequence memory 205 Tone generator 206 D / A converter 207 LPF 208 Chorus effect circuit 209 SQCK generation unit 210 Relative time detection unit 211 Operation unit 300, 303 Mixer 301, 304 Amplifier 302, 305 Speaker

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] When f ₁ and f ₂ are real numbers and a common multiple of 1 / f ₁ and 1 / f ₂ is X, an audio reproducing means for reproducing an audio signal and a synchronizing operation for reproducing the audio signal are provided. A first reference clock generating means for generating a first reference clock having a frequency of f ₁ Hertz; a second reference clock generating means for generating a second reference clock having a frequency of f ₂ Hertz; At the pulse position of the first reference clock generated by the first reference clock generation means synchronized with the reproduction operation of the audio signal by the reproduction means, the second
The generation of the pulse of the second reference clock is started by the reference clock generation means, and after the start of the generation, the second reference clock is output as a sequencer clock. X × f ₂ )
The pulse of the second reference clock (X × f
₁ ) a sequencer clock generating means for establishing start-stop synchronization with the first pulse of the first reference clock, repeating the above operation with that time as the new generation start position, and generating the sequencer clock; in synchronization with the sequencer clock, and performs recording and reproduction of the performance data in order to automatically play a musical instrument door
When recording the performance data, the audio playback
Before the operation of reproducing the audio signal by the means
The first clock generated by the first reference clock generating means;
Indicates bar boundaries counted from quasi-clock pulse positions
Sequencer means for recording the bar line data together; and based on the performance data output from the sequencer means.
When the audio signal is reproduced by the audio reproducing means.
Automatically play the instrument in synchronization with the live, and during the automatic performance
After moving the audio playback means to a state other than playback,
When returning to the playback mode, the audio
In synchronization with the reproduction operation of the audio signal by the reproduction means.
The first reference clock generating means generates the second reference clock.
The audio clocked from the pulse position of one reference clock
The second reference clock up to the reproduction return position of the reproducing means;
Calculate the number of pulses excluding the pulse at the playback start position of
Then, the calculated pulse number is used for the music to be automatically played.
Dividing by the number of the second reference clocks corresponding to one measure,
The number of measures obtained by adding 1 to the position of the quotient obtained by division
The position of the corresponding bar line data is detected, and the sequencer
From the bar line data, the above-mentioned division
The second reference clock signal corresponding to the obtained remainder value
A calculator that resumes automatic performance from the position advanced by the number of
Automatic performance apparatus characterized by comprising: a stage, a. 2. The audio reproducing means according to claim 2, wherein
The playback tempo of the audio signal is varied, and the
The frequency f of the first reference clock and the second reference clock
With to change the ₁ and f _2, bet the pitch at the time of automatic performance
2. The automatic performance apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a tempo control means for transposing . 3. The audio reproducing means is compact.
3. The automatic performance device according to claim 1, wherein the automatic performance device is a disc player . 4. The audio reproducing means according to claim 1 , wherein
3. The automatic performance device according to claim 1, wherein the automatic performance device is an audio tape recorder . 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first reference clock generating means includes a sub-clock.
The first reference clock based on a coding frame
The automatic performance device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the automatic performance device generates: