JP3090763U - Multi-effect wick distillation apparatus utilizing solar heat - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To provide a multiple effect wick distillation apparatus which efficiently collects solar heat throughout the year in a low latitude area, has a high distillation performance, is simple in structure, and is low in cost. SOLUTION: A heat transfer plate 5 having one surface as a heat receiving surface 5a receiving solar heat or a condensing surface 5c where water vapor condenses, and the other surface as an evaporating surface 5b with a hydrophilic wick 4 attached thereto, is used as an evaporating surface and a condensing surface. Is a multiple-effect wick-type distillation apparatus in which a plurality of sheets are arranged in parallel with a narrow gap so as to face each other, in which a transparent body 3 is installed in front of a heat receiving surface, and a reflection surface can be directed upward in front of the transparent body 3 to change the inclination angle. The reflector 11 was installed as described above, and the caster 16 was attached to the gantry 15 so that the entire apparatus could be rotated. The heat receiving surface was directed to the sun, and the inclination angle of the reflector could be adjusted according to the solar altitude. The heat-receiving surface is exposed to sunlight having a high incident intensity almost all day, thereby improving the distillation performance.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

[Technical field to which the invention belongs]

 The present invention relates to a multi-effect wick distillation apparatus that obtains fresh water from raw water such as seawater by solar heat, and more particularly to a sun-tracking multi-effect wick distillation apparatus installed in low-latitude regions, for example, islands in Southeast Asia.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 There was no infrastructure such as water supply facilities and power grids, and low-cost desalination facilities that meet the demands of small and medium-sized settlements that rely on rainwater, groundwater, river water, etc. for domestic water have not been provided. Many seawater desalination devices that use solar heat have been proposed, but few have been put into practical use.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-156341 proposes a solar distillation apparatus for producing fresh water using solar heat. The outline of the apparatus is as follows: a black basin provided with an inclined transparent window for taking in sunlight. And a multiple-effect wick portion composed of a plurality of heat transfer plates (partition plates) with a wick (hydrophilic cloth) adhered to the back surface. Raw water such as seawater is put in the basin, and the wick on the back side of the heat transfer plate is soaked with raw water from above and flows down. Part of the sunlight entering through the transparent window heats and evaporates the raw water in the basin, and the rest heats the heat receiving surface of the first heat transfer plate of the multiple effect wick. Part of the water vapor generated from the raw water in the basin is condensed on the inner surface of the transparent window and collected as distilled water, and the remaining water vapor is condensed on the heat receiving surface of the first heat transfer plate and also collected as distilled water. You.

[0004] The latent heat of condensation when water vapor condenses on the inner surface of the transparent window is released to the atmosphere from the transparent window. The solar heat received on the heat receiving surface of the first heat transfer plate and the latent heat of condensation when water vapor from the basin condenses heat and evaporate the raw water flowing in the wick on the back surface of the first heat transfer plate, and are generated here. The water vapor condenses on the condensing surface of the facing second heat transfer plate and is collected as distilled water. The latent heat of condensation when condensing on the condensing surface of the second heat transfer plate heats and evaporates the raw water flowing in the wick on the back surface, and the generated steam condenses on the condensing surface of the third heat transfer plate. In the same manner, evaporation and condensation are repeated in each heat transfer plate to recover distilled water and concentrated raw water. The water vapor evaporated by the wick of the final heat transfer plate is released to the atmosphere. Thus, efficient reuse of distilled water can be achieved by reusing the latent heat of condensation when steam condenses.

However, when such a distillation apparatus is installed and fixed in a low latitude region where the daytime sun swings north and south in one year, the sunlight does not hit the heat receiving surface of the first heat transfer plate, and the multi-effect wick is not provided. The season that hits the back side of the final heat transfer plate of the part will come out, cooling will be worse, and the amount of solar energy incident from the inclined transparent window will also decrease, and the distillation performance will decrease.

[0006] Even in the case of a vertically arranged multiple effect wick type distillation apparatus having no water basin, there is a season in which sunlight does not hit the heat receiving surface of the multiple effect wick portion when fixed on the ground. Furthermore, in low-latitude areas, the sun is high during the day and sunlight enters from almost directly throughout the year, so it does not effectively hit the heat receiving surface of the multi-effect wick.

On the other hand, if the wick portion is inclined or arranged horizontally, the wick plate is deformed by its own weight, and the evaporation surface and the condensation surface may come into contact with each other, so that the distance between the wick plates is increased. It is necessary to attach many or spacers. If the distance between the wick plates is increased, the distillation performance will decrease. Also, if a spacer is inserted between the inclined or horizontally arranged wick plates, the liquid will flow down from the upper surface to the lower surface along the spacer, and the distillation performance will be reduced, or the raw water will be mixed into the distilled water. It is likely to be. Neither of these fixed-type solar distillation units can perform effective distillation in low-latitude regions.

[0008]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

 It is an object of the present invention to provide a distillation apparatus which is low-cost and has a simple structure, can effectively receive sunlight in a low latitude area, and has a high distillation performance.

[0009]

According to the present invention, one surface is a heat receiving surface receiving solar heat or a condensing surface on which water vapor condenses, and the other surface is attached with a hydrophilic wick, and heat is applied to the heat receiving surface or the condensing surface. A plurality of heat transfer plates, which are evaporation surfaces for heating and evaporating the raw water in the rack, are arranged vertically or almost vertically with a gap between them so that the evaporation surface and the condensation surface face each other. Raw water is supplied to the wick from above and heated and evaporated with the heat received on the heat receiving or condensing surface.The generated water vapor is condensed on the condensing surface facing the surface, and distilled water is collected from the lower part of the condensing surface. What is claimed is: 1. A multi-effect wick-type distillation apparatus configured to recover concentrated raw water concentrated from a lower part, wherein a transparent body for keeping heat is disposed in front of the heat receiving surface, and a reflecting surface is further directed forward. You can change the tilt angle The reflector is placed on the stand of the distillation apparatus to provide a solar thermal multi-effect wick type distillation apparatus, characterized in that the rotatable entire distillation apparatus about a vertical axis.

[0010] In the solar heat multiple effect wick distillation apparatus, the heat receiving surface of the multiple effect wick portion is directed substantially east in the morning and substantially west in the afternoon in order to utilize solar energy to the maximum extent. The above reflectors should be horizontal at sunrise, and the angle of inclination should be increased so that the reflected light from the reflecting surface would not protrude from the heat receiving surface if the sun height was high. Reduce the angle of the mirror so that the reflected sunlight does not protrude from the heat receiving surface, and make it horizontal before sunset. To adjust the tilt angle of the reflector, it is preferable to attach one end of the wire near the tip of the reflector and wind the multi-end side of the wire with a winder or the like. In addition, the direction of the sun entering and exiting changes depending on the season, so the direction of the heat receiving surface should be adjusted accordingly. Changing the direction of the heat receiving surface can be easily achieved by attaching a caster or the like to the lower part of the base of the distillation apparatus and rotating the distillation apparatus. Such a device can provide a distillation device that is lightweight and compact, can receive sunlight effectively even in low-latitude regions throughout the year, and can obtain a large amount of fresh water.

[0011]

[Embodiment of the invention]

 The solar heat multiple effect wick type distillation apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a sectional side view of an essential part of an embodiment of the distillation apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the distillation apparatus according to the present invention as viewed from the front, and FIG. 3 is an elevation view as viewed from the back of the distillation apparatus according to the present invention. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a part of the distillation apparatus according to the present invention, and Fig. 5 is a time change of the incident light intensity on the light receiving surface of the distillation apparatus of the present invention and the fixed distillation apparatus having the inclined transparent body. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, a plate having a hydrophilic wick 4 adhered to one surface thereof is referred to as a heat transfer plate 5, a black surface is applied without attaching the wick 4, a surface receiving solar heat is a heat receiving surface 5 a, and other wicks are provided. The surface on which the wick 4 is not attached is referred to as a condensation surface 5c, and the surface on which the wick 4 is attached is referred to as an evaporation surface 5b. On the evaporating surface 5b, raw water such as seawater is impregnated from the upper part of the wick, and the raw water is evaporated by heat received on the opposite surface (back surface). A plurality of such heat transfer plates 5 are arranged vertically or almost vertically so that the condensing surface 5c and the evaporating surface 5b face each other in parallel at a narrow interval.

Since the distillation amount increases as the gap between the heat transfer plates becomes narrower, it is preferable to arrange the heat transfer plates in a relatively narrow dimension of about 3 to 10 mm. In order to keep the space between the heat transfer plates small and prevent the wick from absorbing the distilled water on the condensing surface, a spacer 22 having a sufficient supporting force to maintain the space is attached to the condensing surface 5c. . A water supply gutter 6 for receiving raw water from an upper water supply pipe 18 through a water supply tank 17 and a water supply thin tube 21 is provided at an upper portion of the heat transfer plate 5, and an upper end of the wick 4 is immersed in the raw water in the water supply gutter 6. It is arranged so that. A fresh water receiving gutter 7 for receiving distilled water condensed on the condensing surface is provided below the condensing surface 5c. The distilled water is further recovered outside the apparatus by a fresh water take-out pipe 9. On the other hand, the concentrated surplus raw water that could not evaporate from the wick 4 is recovered from the lower end of the wick by the concentrated liquid gutter 8 below, and is discarded by the discharge pipe 10.

As a specific configuration of the heat transfer plate 5, a wick 4 is attached to one surface of a metal plate having high thermal conductivity and salt resistance, for example, a corrosion-resistant stainless steel plate, with an adhesive film or the like. . The wick is made of a material that is heat-resistant, durable, has high wettability, and allows it to flow slowly while retaining raw water such as seawater.For example, cotton, acrylic fiber, polyester fiber, etc. Use woven or non-woven fabric.

The final stage heat transfer plate wick may be configured to allow a large amount of raw water to flow down. Further, a protective cover 20 may be provided outside the final heat transfer plate. When the outer surface of the cover is cooled by the atmosphere, water vapor condenses on the inner surface, but this condensed water may be recovered as fresh water. It is also possible to provide cooling fins on the outer surface of the cover to promote cooling.

Heat-insulating packings 26 are applied to both side ends of the heat transfer plate so as to prevent heat from escaping to the adjacent heat transfer plate and prevent dissipation of water vapor generated from the wick. . In addition, all the heat transfer plates and the cover 20 may be formed by passing a plurality of bolts through the both lateral ends thereof and tightening them together on the heat transfer plate frame 27 to form the heat transfer plate unit 28.

The solar heat received by the heat receiving surface 5a of the first heat transfer plate 51 heats and evaporates raw water flowing down in the wick 4 of the evaporation surface 5b on the back surface. The evaporated water vapor condenses on the condensing surface 5c of the facing second heat transfer plate 52 to become distilled water (fresh water). The latent heat of condensation transmitted to the condensation surface 5c heats and evaporates the raw water in the wick 4 of the evaporation surface 5b, which is the back surface, as described above. A plurality of heat transfer plates are further disposed on the evaporation surface side of the second heat transfer plate, and condensation and evaporation are repeatedly performed on each heat transfer plate to produce distilled water.

On the front surface of the heat receiving surface 5 a of the first heat transfer plate 51, there is placed a transparent body 3 such as a glass that transmits the sunlight 2. This is preferably a double glass to suppress heat radiation from the heat receiving surface 5a. Further, in front of the transparent body 3, a reflecting mirror 11 having a reflecting surface facing upward is attached to a gantry 15 of a distillation apparatus by a hinge 12 so that an inclination angle with respect to the ground can be changed. Further, a projection 23 and a wire 13 are provided to fix the reflecting mirror at a required inclination angle. Support rods may be used instead of wires. The other end of the wire 13 is stopped by a tilt angle adjusting member 25 provided on a support column of the distillation apparatus main body. In addition, a plurality of casters 16 are attached to the lower side of the gantry so that the entire distillation apparatus can be rotated around its vertical axis.

When such a distillation apparatus is installed in a low-latitude area and used for a distillation operation, the heat receiving surface is directed almost east (in the direction of the sun) in the early morning hours, and the reflector is horizontal. It is put in. In this state, the sunlight directly passes through the transparent body and directly hits the heat receiving surface 5a of the first heat transfer plate to heat the heat transfer plate. The sunlight is reflected by a horizontally placed reflecting mirror, and the reflected light hits the heat receiving surface 5a. Since the angle of incidence of sunlight on the heat receiving surface is small, it can receive sunlight effectively.

As the solar altitude increases, the angle of inclination of the reflecting mirror is adjusted so that the reflected light of the sun does not protrude from the heat receiving surface. This adjustment may be intermittent. As the sun's altitude further increases, the angle of incidence at which the sun directly enters the heat-receiving surface increases, and the rate at which direct solar radiation can be directly received decreases gradually, but the light reflected from the reflector hits the heat-receiving surface at a small angle of incidence. As a result, the incident intensity on the heat receiving surface increases. When the position of the sun is almost right above, there is almost no direct incidence on the heat receiving surface, and all the light is reflected from the reflector.

At around noon when the position of the sun is near directly above, the direction of the heat receiving surface of the distillation apparatus may be in any direction, but the position of the sun around noon is slightly shifted north or south from directly above. In the season, it is better to turn the heat receiving surface toward the sun. After about noon, the heat receiving surface of the distillation unit is turned to the west where the sun is. Adjustment of the angle of inclination of the reflecting mirror, as opposed to in the morning, gradually reduces the angle of inclination so that the reflected light of the sun does not protrude from the heat receiving surface. As for the intensity of incident light on the heat receiving surface, the intensity of sunlight that directly enters gradually increases, and the intensity of light reflected from the reflector gradually decreases. If the solar altitude is low, place the reflector horizontally. Thus, the light directly incident from the sun and the reflected light from the reflector are complementary, and the energy density incident on the heat receiving surface is maintained at a high value all day.

FIG. 5 shows, as an example, the intensity of incident light on the transparent body light receiving surface (transparent body surface) of the distillation apparatus of the present invention and the stationary distillation apparatus having the inclined transparent body on the vernal equinox day at latitude 0 degrees. It shows a calculated value every hour. In the distillation apparatus of the present invention, the heat-receiving surface faces east in the morning and west in the afternoon, and the reflector is adjusted so that the reflected light does not protrude from the heat-receiving surface. The distillation apparatus having the inclined transparent body has the inclined surface (tilt angle 34 °) fixed to the south directly throughout the day. From FIG. 5, except at around noon, the incident intensity on the light receiving surface of the distillation apparatus according to the present invention is larger than the incident intensity on the fixed inclined surface. In addition, when the incident intensity for each hour from 7:00 to 17:00 is simply integrated, the amount of incident light to the distillation apparatus of the present invention is about 1.5 times that of the fixed inclined surface. It can be seen that the invented distillation apparatus is effective in capturing a large amount of energy.

Further, in the present invention, since only the multiple effect portion having a good distillation performance is provided, and all the heat received on the heat receiving surface is used in a multiplex manner, the distillation performance can be sufficiently exhibited. In addition, compared to a distillation apparatus with a basin, the heat capacity can be considerably reduced, so that the temperature rises quickly in the morning and the incident intensity on the heat receiving surface is strong, so the temperature rise also increases, and the amount of distillation increases considerably.

[0024]

[Effect of the invention]

 According to the present invention, daytime solar heat having a high solar altitude in a low latitude area can be received efficiently throughout the year. Therefore, a large amount of fresh water can be obtained with a small-scale device, and the device can be made compact. Moreover, its simple structure allows easy maintenance and easy movement.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a main part of an embodiment of a distillation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the distillation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the distillation apparatus according to the present invention as viewed from the back.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional plan view of a main part of the distillation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the time change of the incident intensity on the light receiving surface of the distillation apparatus of the present invention and the fixed distillation apparatus having the inclined transparent body.

[Description of Signs] 1 Multiple effect wick type distillation apparatus 2 Sunlight 3 Transparent body 4 Wick 5 Heat transfer plate 5a Heat receiving surface 5b Evaporation surface 5c Condensing surface 6 Water supply gutter 7 Fresh water receiving gutter 9 Fresh water take-out pipe 11 Reflecting mirror 12 Hinge 13 Wire 14 Prop 15 Stand 16 Caster 17 Water supply tank 18 Water supply pipe 20 Cover 21 Water supply thin tube 22 Spacer 23 Projection 25 Incline angle adjusting member 26 Packing 27 Heat transfer plate frame 28 Heat transfer plate unit

Claims (1)

[Utility model registration claims] 1. A heat transfer plate, wherein one surface is a heat receiving surface receiving solar heat or a condensing surface on which water vapor condenses, and the other surface is a heat transfer plate having a hydrophilic wick as an evaporating surface for evaporating water in the wick. A plurality of sheets are arranged vertically so as to face each other with a gap, receive solar heat on the heat receiving surface, supply raw water from the upper side of each of the wicks, generate water vapor on the evaporation surface, and condense on the condensing surface facing the surface A multiple-effect wick-type distillation apparatus configured to collect distilled water from a lower part of the condensing surface and surplus raw water concentrated from a lower part of the evaporating surface, respectively. A wick-type distillation utilizing solar heat, characterized in that a reflecting mirror with a reflecting surface facing upward and a variable tilt angle mirror is arranged on the apparatus mount, and the entire apparatus is rotatable around a vertical axis. apparatus.