JP3088692B2 - Opening structure for vertical ladder of building - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical ladder having a vertical ladder penetrating through an opening formed in a floor of a landing such as a landing in an underground facility such as a cave or a steel tower. The present invention relates to an opening structure, and more particularly to a structure in which an opening without a vertical ladder is closed by an opening lid.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in underground facilities such as caverns and above-ground structures such as steel towers, workers go up and down at the time of construction work or inspections, so that the floors of floors such as floors and landings are slid. Each of the openings is formed, and a vertical ladder penetrating these openings and extending vertically is provided. In addition, measures such as providing a handrail around the opening and providing an opening lid are adopted for each of the openings to prevent a fall.

[0003]

However, among the above-mentioned conventional fall prevention measures, particularly those provided with an opening lid,
There is a possibility of a crash due to forgetting to close the lid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building provided with an opening lid for closing the opening. By opening the opening lid and passing through the opening, the opening lid is automatically closed, so that a crash accident is reliably and effectively prevented from occurring.

[0005]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building, which is formed on a floor surface of a landing of a building or the like. It is assumed that a vertical ladder is provided through the opening and one end of an opening lid for closing a portion of the opening without the vertical ladder is hinged. A door closer that automatically closes the opening lid is provided below the opening of the floor surface, and the door closer is configured such that when the opening degree of the opening lid is equal to or more than a predetermined angle, the closing speed is less than the predetermined angle. It is configured to have a delayed action function smaller than that. With this configuration, when the worker opens the opening lid and passes through the opening, the closing speed is slow due to the delayed action function of the door closer,
The operator can pass through the opening with a margin while releasing the hand from the opening lid. After passing through, the opening lid is automatically closed by the door closer, and a crash accident due to forgetting to close the opening lid does not occur. Moreover, the door closer is commercially available as an automatic door closing device for a building, and does not require electric wiring or piping work, so that it is easy to implement the door closer.

[0006] The invention according to claim 1 also provides a preferred arrangement when the door closer is disposed in an opening below the floor surface. That is, the door closer has a closer body attached below the opening on the floor surface, a first arm having one end connected to a rotation shaft of the closer body, and one end rotating at the other end of the first arm. It comprises a second arm operably connected and a bracket rotatably connected to the other end of the second arm and fixed to an opening lid, and this configuration is the same as the conventional one. Then, in the closed state of the opening cover, the door closer is arranged such that the connection point between the second arm and the bracket is located above a straight line connecting the connection point between the first arm and the second arm and the hinge point of the opening cover. Place. With this arrangement, even when the opening lid is in the closed state, the closing force of the door closer (torque for rotating the first arm toward the closer to the closer main body around the rotation axis) is applied in the closing direction downward with respect to the opening lid. Works,
The open lid can be ensured to be completely closed.

According to a second or third aspect of the present invention, in the vertical ladder opening structure described above, an upward force is applied to the opening lid in an opening direction as an assisting force when the opening lid is opened. It is configured to include a spring member. As a result, the lifting force at the time of opening the opening lid is reduced, and the opening is facilitated. In addition, the spring member does not require electrical wiring or piping like the door closer, so that it is easy to implement the spring member.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a coil spring is used as the spring member, and the pushing force of the coil spring is substantially below the opening lid when the opening lid is closed below the floor opening. The arrangement is such that they act at right angles. In this case, since the coil spring has a larger reaction force difference during expansion and contraction than other spring members such as a gas spring, and can easily set a reaction force value and a stroke, the coil spring is adjusted according to the degree of opening of the opening lid. An appropriate lifting force can be applied to the opening lid.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 3 show an opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. Numeral 1 denotes a landing mounted on an iron pole 2 of the building.
Has a floor surface 1a formed by grating and a handrail 3 around the floor surface 1a. A rectangular opening 4 is formed in the floor 1 a of the landing 1, and a vertical ladder 5 is provided through the opening 4. The vertical ladder 5
It is arranged on the mounting surface side of the landing 1 (that is, on the iron pole 2 side), and is attached to the iron pole 2 via a mounting bracket 6 or the like.

The landing 1 is provided with a rectangular opening lid 11 for closing a portion of the opening 4 where the vertical ladder 5 is not provided, that is, a side on which a worker passes. The opening lid 11 is provided on the floor 1 a of the landing 1. , And is hingedly connected to one edge of the opening 4 orthogonal to the mounting surface side of the vertical ladder 5 by a hinge 12 so as to be rotatable. Handles 13 and 14 for opening the opening lid 11 are attached to both upper and lower surfaces of the opening lid 11, respectively. In addition, in the landing 1, the opening degree of the opening lid 11 is set to a predetermined angle (about 105 °).
A stopper 15 is provided for limiting the following.

Below the edge of the opening 4 opposite to the side where the vertical ladder 5 is arranged, a door closer 20 as an automatic closing device for automatically closing the opening lid 11 and an opening lid 1 are provided.
A spring device 30 for applying a push-up force to the opening lid 11 in the opening direction as an assisting force when opening 1 is both supported and arranged by the support arm 18. The support arm body 18 is configured such that the inclination angle of the mounting table 18a on which the door closer 20 is mounted can be adjusted.

As shown in FIG. 4, the door closer 20 has one end attached to a closer body 21 fixed on a mounting base 18 a of the support arm body 18 by screws and a rotating shaft 22 of the closer body 21. , A second arm 24 having one end rotatably connected to the other end of the first arm 23, and a second arm 24 rotatably connected to the other end of the second arm 24. The connecting point B between the second arm 24 and the bracket 25 in the closed state of the opening cover 11 is adjusted by adjusting the inclination angle of the mounting base 18a.
It is arranged so as to be located above a straight line connecting a connection point C between the third arm 24 and the second arm 24 and a hinge point A of the opening lid 11.

The door closer 20 has a delayed action function (for example, manufactured by Nippon Door Check Manufacturing Co., Ltd., product number: K-P74BL-DA).
As shown in FIG. 5, it has a delay adjustment valve 26a, a first speed adjustment valve 26b, and a second speed adjustment valve 26c. The delayed action function means that the arm closing speed when the arm angle (the inclination angle of the first arm 23 with respect to the closer main body 21) is equal to or more than a predetermined angle (about 100 °) (delay section) is less than the predetermined angle (non-delay section). ) Means that the arm 23 is gently closed, and the closing speed in the delayed section is adjusted by the delay adjusting valve 26a. In the non-delay section, the closing speed in the first speed section near the delayed section is adjusted by the first speed adjustment valve 26b, and the closing speed in the second speed section is adjusted by the second speed adjustment valve 26c. FIG. 6 shows the change characteristics of the closing force and the opening resistance force at the arm tip of the door closer 20 with respect to the arm angle. As can be seen from this figure, in the delayed section, the closing force becomes very large, and the closing speed also decreases accordingly.

As shown in detail in FIG. 7, the spring device 30 includes a cylindrical first spring frame 31 having a bottom with a flange 31a at one end, and a first spring frame 3 having a bottom.
Similarly to the first embodiment, a second cylindrical member having a bottom with a flange 32a at one end is fitted in the first spring frame 31 with play and is prevented from falling off by a stopper.
A spring frame 32 and a compression coil spring 33 as a spring member disposed between the bottom in the first spring frame 31 and the bottom in the second spring frame 32 as shown in FIG. The state changes from the state to the maximum contracted state in which the second spring frame 32 is completely fitted into the first spring frame 31 while compressing the compression coil spring 33. The spring device 30 is arranged below the opening lid 11 such that the spring device 30 is in a maximum contracted state when the opening lid 11 is in a closed state and the pushing-up force acts substantially at right angles to the opening lid 11.
The flange 31a of the first spring frame 31 is
In addition, a flange 32a of the second spring 32 is rotatably connected to the support arm body 18 by a pin connection. FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the length of the spring device 30 and the spring reaction force. As can be seen from FIG.
The spring reaction force is inversely proportional to the length of the spring device 30.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described. Now, for example, consider a case where the operator lifts the handle 13 on the upper surface of the opening lid 11 and opens the opening lid 11. At this time, as shown in FIG. 10, in addition to the lifting force U of the worker, the weight W of the opening lid 11, the opening resistance T of the door closer 20, and the spring device 30 (compression coil spring 33) are applied to the opening lid 11. ) Push-up force P is acting,
The lifting force U of the worker required to open the opening lid 11 is calculated from the following Expression 1, and the calculation result is shown in Table 1 below.

[0017]

U = (W · L3 + T · cos θ · L1−P · L2) / L4 where θ is the action line of the opening resistance T of the door closer 20 (the direction orthogonal to the axis of the first arm 23) and the second The angle between the axis of the two arms 24 and L1 to L4 is the open lid 1 respectively.
From the hinge point 1 to the action lines of the opening resistance T of the door closer 20 in the direction of the second arm axis, the pushing force P of the spring device 30, the weight W of the opening lid 11, and the lifting force U of the operator. Distance.

[0018]

[Table 1] As can be seen from the above formula 1, since the lifting force P of the spring device 30 is acting on the opening lid 11, the lifting force U of the worker can be reduced by that much, and the opening lid 11 can be easily opened. can do. It is desirable that the lifting force U of the worker required to open the opening lid 11 be 5.0 kg or less. According to Table 1, in the case of the present embodiment, when the opening angle is 45 ° or less, the spring device 30 is pushed up. It can be seen that this condition is satisfied because the force P acts greatly.

When the worker passes through the opening 4 after the opening lid 11 is fully opened, the opening closer 11 has
The opening lid 11 is automatically closed by applying a closing force from 0. However, the door closer 20 has a slower arm closing speed and a slower closing speed of the opening lid 11 due to its delayed action function. Therefore, the worker can pass through the opening 4 with a margin while releasing the hand from the opening lid 11. Further, since the opening lid 11 is automatically closed after the worker has passed, a crash accident due to forgetting to close the opening lid 11 does not occur.

In order for the opening lid 11 to close automatically,
It is necessary to satisfy the following conditional expression (Expression 2) (see FIG. 10).

[0021]

M = (W · L3 + T · cos θ · L1−P · L2)> A A = 0.5 kg-m (when θ = 0 °) The closing moment M at the time of closing calculated by the equation (2)
Is shown in Table 2 below.

[0022]

[Table 2] Further, in order for two workers to pass through the opening 4 with a margin, the closing time of the opening cover 11 in the delayed section (opening degree is 65 ° to 100 °) shown in FIG. Desirably, in the operation confirmation test of the embodiment performed by the present inventors, it was confirmed that the average value of three times was about 35 seconds. In the operation confirmation test, the average value of the closing time in the first speed section (opening degree is 50 ° to 65 °) of the opening lid 11 and the second closing time were measured.
The average value of the closing time in the speed section (the opening degree was 0 ° to 50 °) was about 10 seconds.

The door closer 20 is commercially available as an automatic door closing device for a building, and does not require electric wiring or piping work for its arrangement and the arrangement of the spring device 30. Therefore, the landing 1 can be easily achieved, which is very effective for safety measures at the landing 1.

In addition, the spring device 30 uses a compression coil spring 33 as a spring member, and the coil spring 33 has a larger difference in reaction force when expanding and contracting than other spring members such as a gas spring (FIG. 1). 8), and since a reaction force value and a stroke can be easily set, an appropriate lifting force can be applied to the opening lid 11 according to the degree of opening of the opening lid 11.

Here, for comparison with the above embodiment,
A comparative example in which the respective arrangements of the door closer 20 and the spring device 30 are changed will be considered.

In the first comparative example shown in FIG. 11, the spring device 30 is disposed below and substantially parallel to the opening lid 11. In this case, there is an advantage that there is little projecting portion below the opening 4 and a compact shape is obtained.
The moment about the hinge point A becomes maximum when the opening degree of the opening cover 11 is around 45 ° (the state shown in FIG. 11).
The closing force of the door closer 20 becomes larger from around the opening degree of 45 ° when the opening lid 11 is closed, and the opening lid 11 is rapidly closed. In order to prevent this, in the above-described embodiment, the spring device 30 is set so that the pushing-up force of the spring device 30 acts on the opening lid 11 most substantially at a right angle when the opening lid 11 is closed.
Has been arranged.

In the second comparative example shown in FIG.
In the door closer 20, the connection point B between the second arm 24 and the bracket 25 connects the connection point C between the first arm 23 and the second arm 24 and the hinge point A of the opening lid 11 when the opening lid 11 is closed. It is arranged so as to be located below the straight line L. In this case, when the opening degree is close to 10 ° when the opening lid 11 is closed, the closing force of the door closer 20 (torque for rotating the first arm 23 around the rotation shaft 22 in the direction to approach the closer main body 21). ) Acts on the opening lid 11 via the second arm 24 in a direction in which the opening lid 11 is lifted, so that the opening lid 11 may stop. In order to reliably prevent this, in the above embodiment, the second arm 24 and the bracket 2
The door closer 20 is arranged so that the connection point B with the first arm 5 is located above a straight line L connecting the connection point C between the first arm 23 and the second arm 24 and the hinge point A of the opening lid 11. (Compare FIGS. 1 and 12).

In the above embodiment, the case where the vertical ladder opening structure of the present invention is applied to the opening 4 of the landing 1 attached to the iron pole 2 of the building has been described. The present invention is not limited to this, and can be similarly applied to a case where a vertical ladder opening is formed on the floor of a building under construction.

[0029]

As described above, according to the opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building according to the present invention, when the worker opens the opening lid and passes through the opening, the closing speed of the door closer is reduced by the delayed action function of the door closer. Is slow, and the worker can pass through the opening with a margin while releasing the hand from the opening lid. After the passage, the opening lid is automatically closed by the door closer, so that a crash accident due to forgetting to close the opening lid can be reliably prevented. Moreover,
Door closers are commercially available as automatic door closing devices for buildings and do not require electrical wiring or piping work, which is advantageous for practical implementation.

In particular, in the invention according to the first aspect , even when the opening lid is in the closed state, the closing force of the door closer acts on the opening lid in the downward closing direction, so that the opening lid can be completely closed. Can be

According to the second or third aspect of the present invention, the lifting force when the opening cover is opened can be reduced by the spring member, and the opening operation can be facilitated effectively. .

Further, in the invention according to the fourth aspect, by using a coil spring as the spring member, it is possible to apply an appropriate lifting force to the opening lid according to the degree of opening of the opening lid.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of an opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is partially cut along line XX in FIG.

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG.
It is the side view which looked at the part cut along the line.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the vertical ladder opening structure.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a door closer.

FIG. 5 is a view as seen from an arrow Z in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a change characteristic of the closing force and the opening resistance force at the arm tip of the door closer with respect to the arm angle.

FIG. 7 is a side view in which a part of the spring device is cut and viewed.

FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a length of a spring device and a spring reaction force.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining each speed section when the opening lid is closed.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the relation of the acting force acting when the opening lid is opened.

FIG. 11 is a front view of a main part of the vertical ladder opening structure according to the first comparative example, which is partially cut and viewed.

FIG. 12 is a front view of a main part of a vertical ladder opening structure according to a second comparative example, which is partially cut and viewed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Landing 1a Floor surface 4 Opening 5 Vertical ladder 11 Opening lid 20 Door closer 21 Closer main body 22 Rotating shaft 23 First arm 24 Second arm 25 Bracket 30 Spring device 33 Compression coil spring (spring member) A Hinge point B, C Connection point L Straight line

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E05F 1/10 E06B 3/38 E06C 7/00 E06C 9/02

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vertical ladder is provided through an opening formed in a floor surface of a landing of a building or the like, and one end of an opening lid for closing a portion of the opening without the vertical ladder is hinged. In the opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building that is coupled, a door closer that automatically closes the opening lid is provided below the opening of the floor surface, and the door closer has an opening degree of the opening lid. closing speed of more than a predetermined angle when is has a smaller delayed action function than when less than the predetermined angle, also the door closers, Installing the opening below the floor
And a pivot axis of the closer body
Arm having one end connected to the first arm and the other end of the first arm
A second arm rotatably connected to one end of the second arm;
Is rotatably connected to the other end of the
Bracket that is closed when the opening lid is closed.
The connection point between the second arm and the bracket is
A straight line connecting the connecting point of the two arms and the hinge point of the opening lid
An opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building, wherein the opening structure is arranged so as to be located above the bridge . 2. An opening formed on a floor of a landing of a building or the like.
A vertical ladder is provided through the mouth and
One end of the opening lid that closes the opening without the vertical ladder
Structure for vertical ladder of building with hinged connection
, The opening lid is automatically closed below the opening on the floor surface.
Door closer is provided, and the door closer is opened.
The closing speed when the degree of opening of the palate is equal to or more than the predetermined angle is the predetermined angle
Smaller delayed action at less than degrees
It has a function, as an assisting force when opening the opening lid,
With a spring member that applies a lifting force in the opening direction
An opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building. 3. A vertical ladder opening structure of a building according to claim 1, characterized in that a spring member for applying an upward force in the opening direction relative to the open palate as an assist force at the time of opening the flaps. 4. The spring member comprises a coil spring disposed below the opening on the floor surface, and the coil spring exerts a pushing force substantially perpendicular to the opening lid when the opening lid is closed. The opening structure for a vertical ladder of a building according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the opening is arranged so as to perform the following.