JP3086662B2 - Sand compaction pile design method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for designing a sand compaction pile, and more particularly, to a method for designing a sand compaction pile for driving a pile into soft ground improved by the sand compaction pile.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a countermeasure against liquefaction of soft ground, a sand compaction pile method (hereinafter abbreviated as SCP method) for forming compacted sand piles in the ground is known. When the ground is formed at a predetermined interval in the soft ground, the N value of the ground increases, and the resistance of the soft ground to liquefaction increases.

[0003] As a design method of such a sand compaction pile, a plurality of design methods are conventionally known. The design method shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is a method called a simplified diagram design method, and is based on the original ground N value obtained from past construction results, the replacement ratio, and the intermediate N value after improvement. .

When designing a sand compaction pile by this design method, an original ground N value N ₀ is obtained by a geological survey, and an improved target N value N ₁ is set.
Applying to the table, the original ground N value N ₀ and the improved target N value N _1
Is determined from the intersection with.

[0005] substitution ratio a _s is the cross-sectional area A _s of the sand compaction pile, when one sand compaction pile and an area to share A, since it is defined as a _s = A _s / A, for example, sand The compaction pile,
As shown in FIG. 7, if the piles are arranged in a square, the pile pitch x is obtained by √ (A _s / a _s ). When the pile pitch is determined, the number of the sand compaction piles is determined from the area of the improvement area. Desired.

In a design method based on such a simplified chart, in a sand ground having a large amount of fine particles, the increase in the N value after the improvement decreases with an increase in the fine particles, so Cannot be applied.

Therefore, as a method of designing a sand compaction pile applicable to the ground having a large amount of fine grains, a method performed according to a procedure shown in FIG. 8 has been adopted. In the procedure shown in the drawing, first, as an initial condition, an original ground N value N ₀ is obtained by soil investigation of the original ground, and an improved target N value N ₁ is set.

When such initial conditions are set, in step 1, the maximum gap ratio e is calculated based on the fine particle content F _c (%).
_MAX and e _MIN are obtained from the following equations. Maximum gap ratio e _MAX = 0.02F _c +1.0 Minimum gap ratio e _MIN = 0.008F _c +0.6 When the maximum and minimum gap ratios e _MAX and e _MIN are obtained, respectively, in step 2, the original ground N value N ₀ and constraint pressure σ _v ′ (k
gf / cm ² ), the relative density _{Dr 0} and the gap ratio e _{0 of the} original ground can be obtained from the following equation. Relative density D _r0 = 21√N ₀ /(0.7+σ _v ′) Gap ratio e ₀ = e _MAX −D _r0 / 100 (e _MAX −e _MIN ) Relative density D _r0 and gap ratio e _{0 of the} original ground are obtained. Then, in step 3, the reduction rate β with respect to the increase N value is obtained from the following equation. Once the reduction rate β = 1.05−0.51 log F _c is obtained, the calculated N value N ₁ ′ in the case where the reduction rate β is considered and there is no fine grain component is calculated in step 4 by the following equation. More required. N ₁ ′ = N ₀ + (N ₁ −N ₀ ) β In the following step 5, the gap ratio e _{1 in} which N ₀ is replaced by N ₁ ′ in the equation shown in step 2 is obtained. When the gap ratio e ₁ is determined, based on the following equation,
Substitution rate a _s is required. When _{a s = Δe / 1 + e} 0 = (e 0 -e 1) / (1 + e 0) substitution rate a _s is determined, in step 7, determine the pile pitch x, and finally, to satisfy the substitution rate a _s The number of sand compaction piles is required.

When the properties of the ground are improved by the SCP method, a building structure is sometimes built on the improved ground, and a pile foundation is sometimes used as a support structure for the building structure.

Although there are various types of such pile foundations, steel pipe piles are used relatively frequently because of their high construction efficiency. However, such a steel pipe pile is SC
When the number of the sand compaction piles is determined on the basis of the above-described design method at the time of driving into the ground improved by the P method, there is a technical problem described below.

[0011]

That is, although the effect of compaction of the ground due to the driving of a pile has been qualitatively recognized, since the amount of sediment inflow into the steel pipe pile is unknown, it is not possible to determine the effect. Cannot be evaluated. Therefore, in the above-described design method, the design is such that the compaction effect of the pile is ignored, and as a result, the ground improvement is performed excessively.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has as its object to provide a method for designing a sand compaction pile capable of effectively evaluating the compaction effect of a pile and enabling appropriate ground improvement. Is to provide.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for compacting sand in a soft ground by applying vibration to sand.
After constructing a sand compaction pile and improving the ground, in the method of designing a sand compaction pile when driving a pile into this ground improvement area, the compaction effect of the pile driven into the improvement area is Its cross-sectional area and
Evaluated in relation to the replacement rate of the sand compaction pile when igniting the pile, based on this evaluation,
The number of the sand compaction piles is reduced . According to this configuration, piles cast in the improvement area
Neglecting the compaction effect, its cross-sectional area and the driving of the pile
In relation to the sand compaction pile replacement rate
Evaluate and, based on this assessment,
Since the number of hills is reduced , it is possible to optimize the construction conditions for ground improvement by forming a sand compaction pile. In the design method of the present invention, the original ground N value N ₀ is determined before the number of the sand compaction piles is determined.
, A target N value N ₁ after the improvement is set, a first step of _{obtaining the} maximum gap ratios e _MAX and e _MIN from the fine grain content F _c (%), and the original ground N value N ₀ and Constraint pressure σ _v ′ (k
Considering a second step from gf / cm ²⁾ determine the void ratio e ₀ of relative density D _r0 and original ground, and a third step of obtaining a reduction ratio beta with respect to the increase N value, the reduction ratio beta, fine particle fraction A fourth step for obtaining the calculated N value N ₁ ′ when there is no pressure, the calculated N value N ₁ ′ and the constraint pressure σ _v ′ (kg
f / cm ² ), a fifth step for determining the gap ratio e ₁ ,
On the basis of the void ratio e _0, e _1, and a sixth step of obtaining a substitution ratio a _s, and the substitution rate a _s, the area of improvement zone A,
A seventh step of determining the number of sand compaction vials based on the cross-sectional area As of the sand compaction pile. When this configuration is adopted, even in soft ground having a large amount of fine grains, it is possible to optimize construction conditions for ground improvement by forming a sand compaction pile. Further, in the design method of the present invention, before determining the number of the sand compaction piles, an original ground N value N ₀ is obtained, an improved target N value N ₁ is set, and the sand compaction Pile replacement rate a
_s can be set. According to this configuration, even in soft ground having a small fine particle content, it is possible to optimize the construction conditions for ground improvement by forming a sand compaction pile, and in the design method of the present invention, the replacement rate is determined by any method. Even if required, the construction conditions for ground improvement can be optimized.

[0014]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG.
3 to 3 show one embodiment of a method for designing a sand compaction pile according to the present invention. 1 and 2 show a sand compaction pile (hereinafter referred to as an SCP) in soft ground 10 at predetermined intervals in the front-rear and left-right directions, as shown in FIGS. (Abbreviated as abbreviation) 12 is shown, and a pile 14 is driven into a portion where the ground improvement for liquefaction countermeasures has been performed.

The pile 14 to be driven is, for example, a steel pipe pile and is driven at predetermined intervals in the front-rear and left-right directions. The SCP 12 is formed into a cylindrical shape by compacting sand by vibration using a known SCP method, and the formation depth is formed from the ground to a relatively shallow depth H1 at which the soft ground 10 is easily liquefied.

On the other hand, the pile 14 is cast to a depth that reaches the support layer 16 in the soft ground 10. The pile 14 is a portion of the soft ground 10 that is easily liquefied (the SCP 12
Is formed in a state where the tip of the pile 14 is closed, and a portion other than the portion that is easily liquefied (between the depth H1 and reaching the support layer 16).
Is installed with the tip of the pile 14 opened.

In consideration of the compacting effect of the pile 14, the SCP 12
FIG. 3 shows an example of a procedure for designing the. In the procedure shown in the figure, first, as an initial condition, an original ground N value N ₀ is obtained by soil investigation of the original ground (soft ground 10), and an improved target N value N ₁ is set from the superstructure condition. You.

When such initial conditions are set, the maximum gap ratio e is determined in step 1 from the fine particle content F _c (%).
_MAX and e _MIN are obtained from the following equations. Maximum gap ratio e _MAX = 0.02 F _c +1.0 Minimum gap ratio e _MIN = 0.008 F _c +0.6 Here, the fine grain content F _c (%) is obtained based on the particle size distribution of the original ground. And generally have a particle size of 7
Silts and clays of 4 μm or less correspond to this. The void ratio indicates the state of clogging of earth and sand, in which the minimum void ratio e _MIN is the most compact and the maximum void ratio e _MAX is the loosest.

Equations (1) and (2) are empirical equations, which are frequently used for precise design of SCP. Maximum and minimum gap ratio e
_{When MAX} and e _MIN are obtained, in step 2, the relative density D _r0 and the gap ratio e _{0 of the} original ground are calculated from the following equation based on the original ground N value N ₀ and the constrained pressure σ _v ′ (kgf / cm ² ). Desired. Relative density D _r0 = 21√N ₀ /(0.7+σ _v ′) Gap ratio e ₀ = e _MAX −D _r0 / 100 (e _MAX −e _MIN ) This equation is given by Gibbs-Holtz N-Dr-e And D _r = (e _MAX −e) / (e _MAX −e _MIN ).

[0020] The relative density D _r0 and void ratio e ₀ of the original ground is required, the reduction ratio with respect to the increase N value in step 3 beta
Is obtained from the following equation. Once the reduction rate β = 1.05−0.51 log F _c is obtained, the calculated N value N ₁ ′ in the case where the reduction rate β is considered and there is no fine grain component is calculated in step 4 by the following equation. More required. N ₁ ′ = N ₀ + (N ₁ −N ₀ ) β In the following step 5, the gap ratio e _{1 in} which N ₀ is replaced by N ₁ ′ in the equation shown in step 2 is obtained. When the gap ratio e ₁ is determined, based on the following equation,
Substitution rate a _s is required. _{a s = Δe / 1 + e} 0 = (e 0 -e 1) / (1 + e 0) the substitution rate a _s is a basic concept of improving the ground by SCP method, void ratio of original ground is e _{At 0} , sand corresponding to Δe is pressed into the ground having a volume of (1 + e ₀ ) by vibration and compacted. Therefore, the replacement rate in this case is expressed by an equation.

[0021] When the substitution rate a _s is required, step 7
In, the number n of SCP satisfying this substitution ratio a _s are determined from the following equation. _{n = (A × a s -α} × n p × A p) / A s where, A is the area of improvement area, A _p and n
_p is the cross-sectional area and the number of piles of pouring, A _s is SCP
Is the cross-sectional area. Furthermore, a _s is a need substitution rate of SCP in case of ignoring the compaction effect of the pile, alpha is the rate of reduction compaction effect of pile, the compaction effect can not equivalent to SCP, 1 following Set to a number.

[0022] In expression, the number of _{(A × a s) / A} s at sought the SCP, but the compaction effect caused by the pouring of the pile is the case not at all evaluation, in the case of the present invention, pile Since the compaction effect accompanying the casting of the steel is reliably obtained,
× n _p × A _p ) / A _s , and this is subtracted from the number of SCPs obtained by (A × a _s ) / A _s .

When the required number of SCPs is set as described above, the compaction effect associated with the driving of the pile is effectively evaluated, and the number of SCPs can be reduced. Construction conditions can be optimized.

The present inventors set up specific conditions for performing ground improvement and tried a simulation in order to confirm the effects of the present invention. The conditions of the ground improvement are as follows: the ground with the site area A = 100 m ² , the original ground N value N ₀ = 10, the fine grain content _Fc = 10 (%), and the improved target N value N ₁ =
At 25, the ground improvement by SCP was performed.

After the ground improvement, it was assumed that 20 pile foundations were planned for the building. The arrangement relationship between the pile foundation and the SCP was almost in accordance with FIG. Under these conditions, the maximum gap ratios e _MAX and e _MIN are obtained from the formulas, and the maximum gap ratio e _MAX = 0.02F _c + 1.0 = 0.0
2 × 10 + 1.0 = 1.2, minimum gap ratio e _MIN = 0.0
08F _c + 0.6 = 0.008 × 10 + 0.6 = 0.6
It becomes 8.

The original ground N value N ₀ and the constraint pressure σ _v ′ (kgf / c
m ² ), the relative density D _r0 and the gap ratio e ₀ of the original ground are obtained based on the following equation. Note that σ _v ′ (kgf / c
m ² ) was set to 1.0 (kgf / cm ² ) estimated at an intermediate ground depth of 10 m, with the improved ground depth being 20 m.

The relative density D _r0 = 21 ｛N ₀ /(0.7+
σ _v ') { ^0.5 = 21 × {10 / (0.7 + 1.0)}
^0.5 = 50.9 (%), gap ratio e ₀ = e _MAX −D _r0 / 10
0 (e _MAX −e _MIN ) = 1.2− (50.9 / 100)
(1.2−0.68) = 0.935.

Next, the reduction rate β with respect to the increase N value due to the fine particles is determined by an equation. Reduction rate β = 1.05-0.51logF _c = 1.05
0.511 x log10 = 0.539.

In consideration of the reduction rate β, a calculated N value N ₁ ′ when no fine particles are present is obtained by an equation. N ₁ ′ = N ₀ + (N ₁ −N ₀ ) β = 10 + (25−10) /
0.539 = 37.6.

Using this N ₁ ′, the relative density D after improvement is
obtained based on the _r1 and void ratio e _1, wherein the. The relative density _{D r1 = 21 {N 1 '} /(0.7+σ v')} 0.5
= 21 × {37.8 / (0.7 + 1.0)} ^0.5 = 9
9.0 (%), void ratio _{e 1 = e MAX -D r1 /} 100 (e
_MAX− e _MIN ) = 1.2− (99.0 / 100) (1.2
-0.68) = 0.685.

The substitution ratio a _s the case of ignoring the compaction effect of the pile from the void ratio e ₀ and void ratio e ₁ Metropolitan is obtained. _{a s = (e 0 -e 1} ) / (1 + e 0) = (0.935-0.
685) / (1 + 0.935) = 0.129.

Next, the required number of SCPs in the case where the compaction effect of the pile is ignored and in the case where the effect is taken into account is determined. Ignoring the compaction effect of the pile _{(A × a s) / A} s = 100 × 0.129 / (0.7 2 ×
π / 4) = 34 present when considering the compaction effect of the pile _{(A × a s -α × n} p × A p) / A s = {100 × 0.12
9−0.65 × 20 × (0.6 ² × π / 4) / (0.7 ²
× π / 4) = 24 Here, A _p and n _p are the cross-sectional area of the pile to be cast (= 0.
6 is a ² × ^π / 4 m ²⁾ as the number (= 20 lines), A _s is
The cross-sectional area of the SCP (= 0.7 ² × π / 4 m ² )
Was assumed to be 0.65.

As is apparent from the above specific simulations, it can be seen that the required number of SCPs can be greatly reduced according to the design method of the present invention.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show the pile 1 in the state described above.
4 shows a specific example of the method of casting. In the specific examples shown in these figures, the pile 14 is composed of a pile main body 18 made of a hollow cylindrical steel pipe having both ends opened, and the pile main body 18.
And an inner pile 20 insertable therein.

The details of the inner pile 20 are shown in FIG. The inner pile 20 shown in the figure includes a cylindrical inner pile main body 20a whose front end and upper end are closed,
An annular flange portion 20b protruded from the outer periphery of the upper end side of the inner pile main body 20a.

The outer diameter of the inner pile main body 20a is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pile main body 18, and this portion is inserted into the pile main body 18. The outer diameter of the flange portion 20b is larger than the inner diameter of the pile body 18, and when the inner pile body 20a is inserted into the pile body 18, the flange portion 20b
Is locked to the upper end of the pile main body 18, and in this state, the lower end of the inner pile main body 20a projects slightly downward from the lower end of the pile main body 18.

When driving the pile 14 having such a structure into the soft ground 10, first, as shown in FIG. 4A, the pile 14 is driven with the inner pile 20 inserted therein. Is performed.

That is, when the inner pile 20 is inserted into the pile main body 18, the lower end of the pile main body 18 is closed by the inner pile main body 20a. The driving of the pile body 18 proceeds with the tip of the pile body 18 closed with the inner pile 20,
When the tip of the pile main body 18 reaches the depth H1, the driving of the pile main body 18 is temporarily stopped, and the inner pile is left in a state where the pile main body 18 is left in the ground 10, as shown in FIG. 20 are removed.

When the inner pile 20 is removed from the pile main body 18, the tip of the pile main body 18 is in an open state, and the driving from the depth H1 to the support layer 16 is performed.
The operation is performed in a state where the tip is opened without inserting the inner pile 20.

According to the pile driving method performed as described above, the portion of the soft ground 10 where the liquefaction is likely to occur (up to the depth H1) is driven while the tip of the pile 14 is driven in a closed state. Except for the portion that is easily converted (between the depth H1 and the support layer 16), the tip of the pile 14 is cast in an open state.
In the case where the ground improvement is performed on a portion that is likely to be liquefied, the effect accompanying the driving of the pile 14 can be reliably expected.

In the method of driving piles shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, it is possible to take measures against liquefaction of the soft ground only by driving the pile 14 on the soft ground. Further, in the above embodiment, when SCP is adopted as a countermeasure against liquefaction of soft ground,
Although the case where the ground is formed from the ground to a relatively small depth has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to all cases where the pile and the SCP are used together.

Further, in the above embodiment, the design method in the case where there are many fine particles in the soft ground has been exemplified. However, the design method of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, FIG. The replacement ratio may be determined based on the simplified chart, and the same operation and effect as those of the above embodiment can be obtained regardless of the replacement ratio determined by any method.

[0043]

As described above in detail in the embodiments,
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the design method of the sand compaction pile concerning this invention, the compaction effect of the ground accompanying the driving of the pile can be effectively reflected in the case of designing the ground improvement.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory plan view showing a state of ground improvement to which a method for designing a sand compaction pile according to the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a method for designing a sand compaction pile according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a process explanatory view of a concrete driving method for driving a pile into the ground improvement area shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an inner pile used in the casting step shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a simplified chart used in a conventional sand compaction pile design method.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a sand compaction pile arrangement when a replacement rate is obtained.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a design procedure showing another example of a conventional method of designing a sand compaction pile.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Soft ground 12 Sand compaction pile (SC
P) 14 pile 16 support layer 18 pile body 20 inner pile 20a inner pile body 20b flange

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kiyoshi Nakamura 4-1 Egasaki-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Inside the Electric Power Research Laboratory, Tokyo Electric Power Company (72) Inventor Kazuhide Yamauchi 2, Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo -1-4 Within TEPCO Design Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-63-315721 (JP, A) JP-A-2-112527 (JP, A) JP-A-3-247808 (JP, A) (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02D 3/08-3/10

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] (1) Vibration is applied to sand in soft ground to compact it.
After constructing a sand compaction pile and improving the ground, in a method of designing a sand compaction pile when driving a pile into the ground improvement area, the compaction effect of the pile driven into the improvement area is Its cross section
Product and the replacement ratio of the sand compaction pile in the case where the driving of the pile was ignored, and the number of the sand compaction piles was reduced based on this evaluation.
A method for designing a sand compaction pile, characterized in that it is reduced . 2. The method for designing a sand compaction pile according to claim 1, wherein, before determining the number of said sand compaction piles, an original ground N value N ₀ is determined, and an improved target N value N ₁ is set. From the fine particle content F _c (%), the maximum gap ratios e _MAX and e
A first step of obtaining a _MIN, a second step of obtaining the original ground N value N ₀ and confining pressure ^{_{σ v '(kgf / cm 2}} ) void ratio e ₀ of relative density D _r0 and original ground from increasing N value the third step of obtaining a reduction rate beta, considering the reduction ratio beta, 'and a fourth step of determining, the calculated N value N _1' calculated N value N ₁ in the case of that there is no fine fraction with respect to Restraint pressure σ _v '(kgf / c
from m ^2), and a fifth step of obtaining a void ratio e _1, based on the void ratio e _0, e _1, and a sixth step of obtaining a substitution ratio a _s, and the substitution rate a _s, the area of improvement area A, a seventh step of obtaining the number of sand compaction vials based on the cross-sectional area As of the sand compaction pile. 3. The method for designing a sand compaction pile according to claim 1, wherein an original ground N value N ₀ is obtained and an improved target N value N ₁ is set before determining the number of the sand compaction piles. , the design method of sand compaction pile and sets the replacement percentage a _s of the sand compaction pile by a simple chart design method.