JP3086459B2 - Fuel cell power generator - Google Patents

Fuel cell power generator

Info

Publication number
JP3086459B2
JP3086459B2 JP01047819A JP4781989A JP3086459B2 JP 3086459 B2 JP3086459 B2 JP 3086459B2 JP 01047819 A JP01047819 A JP 01047819A JP 4781989 A JP4781989 A JP 4781989A JP 3086459 B2 JP3086459 B2 JP 3086459B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carbon
fuel cell
reformed gas
power generator
differential pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP01047819A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH02227962A (en
Inventor
修弘 古川
俊彦 齋藤
正人 西岡
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Japan Petroleum Energy Center JPEC
Original Assignee
Petroleum Energy Center PEC
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Petroleum Energy Center PEC, Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Petroleum Energy Center PEC
Priority to JP01047819A priority Critical patent/JP3086459B2/en
Publication of JPH02227962A publication Critical patent/JPH02227962A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3086459B2 publication Critical patent/JP3086459B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
    • H01M2300/0051—Carbonates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （イ） 産業上の利用分野 本発明は電解質として溶融炭酸塩を用いる燃料電池発
電装置に関する。The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generator using molten carbonate as an electrolyte.

（ロ） 従来の技術 溶融炭酸塩燃料電池は作動温度が高く高価な貴金属触
媒が不要で、さらに電池燃料ガスの原料としてナフサな
どの石油系燃料の使用が可能となり燃料の多様化が図れ
るなどの利点がある。しかし改質原料に石油系燃料を用
いた場合、炭化水素の分子量が大きく、改質器での水蒸
気改質の反応機構が複雑で、炭素が析出しやすいという
問題がある。この問題は改質触媒の改良さらに改質条件
（反応温度・圧力・炭化水素に対する水蒸気比）の最適
化を図ることで短期的には防止可能であるが、長期的に
は改質触媒能の低下に伴い触媒へ炭素が析出し、改質ガ
ス中に炭素が混入することになる。この改質ガスは燃料
ガスとして電池に導入されるが、改質ガス中の炭素がア
ノード極上あるいは配管などに付着し、多孔質極のガス
拡散性や燃料ガスの流通を損い、電池特性の低下をもた
らす。(B) Conventional technology Molten carbonate fuel cells have a high operating temperature and do not require expensive precious metal catalysts. In addition, petroleum-based fuels such as naphtha can be used as fuel gas for fuel cells, and fuel diversification can be achieved. There are advantages. However, when a petroleum fuel is used as a reforming raw material, there is a problem that the molecular weight of hydrocarbon is large, the reaction mechanism of steam reforming in the reformer is complicated, and carbon is easily precipitated. This problem can be prevented in the short term by improving the reforming catalyst and optimizing the reforming conditions (reaction temperature, pressure, steam ratio to hydrocarbons), but in the long term, the reforming catalyst performance is With the decrease, carbon is deposited on the catalyst, and carbon is mixed into the reformed gas. This reformed gas is introduced into the battery as fuel gas, but the carbon in the reformed gas adheres to the anode electrode or pipes, impairing the gas diffusion property of the porous electrode and the flow of fuel gas, and deteriorating the battery characteristics. Causes a decline.

（ハ） 発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明はナフサの改質ガス中に混入した炭素をトラッ
プし、電池への流入を未然に防止して前記問題を解消す
るものである。(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem by trapping carbon mixed in a naphtha reformed gas and preventing the inflow to a battery beforehand.

（ニ） 課題を解決するための手段 本発明は炭化水素原料としてナフサを用い、これを改
質器で水蒸気改質して得られる改質ガスをアノード極
に、一方酸化剤ガスをカソード極に夫々供給して電力を
発生する燃料電池発電装置において、前記改質ガスの供
給経路に、各々金属ウールを充填すると共に出入口間に
差圧検出器を備えた２つの炭素トラップを、各々前記差
圧検出器の出力信号に連動する、切替弁と１対の開閉弁
と、の間に夫々並列に接続したものである。(D) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention uses naphtha as a hydrocarbon raw material and steam reforming it with a reformer to obtain a reformed gas for the anode electrode, and an oxidant gas for the cathode electrode. In the fuel cell power generator which supplies electric power respectively to generate power, the reforming gas supply path is filled with metal wool and provided with two carbon traps each provided with a differential pressure detector between an entrance and an exit. These are connected in parallel between a switching valve and a pair of on-off valves, which are linked to the output signal of the detector.

（ホ） 作用 本発明では改質ガス中に混入した炭素はトラップで捕
捉されて電池への炭素流入を未然に防止すると共に炭素
トラップを炭素析出モニターとして使用し、装置の保守
点検を行なうことができる。(E) Function In the present invention, the carbon mixed in the reformed gas is trapped by the trap to prevent the inflow of carbon into the battery and to use the carbon trap as a carbon deposition monitor to perform maintenance and inspection of the device. it can.

加えて、炭素トラップに付設した差圧検出器が炭素検
出モニターとして働き、差圧検出器の出力信号に連動す
る切替弁と開閉弁とにより新しい炭素トラップへの切替
ができる。In addition, a differential pressure detector attached to the carbon trap functions as a carbon detection monitor, and a switch to a new carbon trap can be performed by a switching valve and an opening / closing valve that are linked to the output signal of the differential pressure detector.

（ヘ） 実施例 本発明の実施例を図について説明する。(F) Example An example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第１図は燃料電池発電装置のフローチャートの一例を
示す。FIG. 1 shows an example of a flowchart of the fuel cell power generator.

燃料電池（FC）は溶融炭酸塩を含有する電解質板
（１）の両面にアノード極（２）・カソード極（３）を
配置し、各極背面に各反応ガスの供給空間（２′）
（３′）を形成している。図では簡単化のため単セルを
模式的に示した。In a fuel cell (FC), an anode electrode (2) and a cathode electrode (3) are arranged on both sides of an electrolyte plate (1) containing a molten carbonate, and a supply space (2 ') for each reaction gas is provided on the back surface of each electrode.
(3 ') is formed. In the figure, a single cell is schematically shown for simplification.

改質器（RF）は改質触媒を収納した反応部（４）とバ
ーナー部（５）を有し、ナフサなどの液体炭化水素燃料
（Ｃ）は蒸発器（６）でガス化して後水蒸気（Ｓ）と所
定比率で混合され、この混合ガスが反応部（４）で水蒸
気改質され、H2・COを主体とする改質ガスを生成する。The reformer (RF) has a reaction section (4) containing a reforming catalyst and a burner section (5). Liquid hydrocarbon fuel (C) such as naphtha is gasified by an evaporator (6) and then steamed. (S) at a predetermined ratio, and this mixed gas is subjected to steam reforming in the reaction section (4) to generate a reformed gas mainly composed of H 2 · CO.

改質に際し、通常ナフサのような炭素数の大きい炭化
水素（平均分子式C7H15）では混入する水蒸気量を多く
し、例えばS/C＝３〜５とするが、前述の如く改質反応
機構が複雑で長期の使用により炭素が改質触媒上に析出
し、この炭素が改質ガスと共に電池（FC）のアノード極
（２）に送り込まれることになる。本発明では改質ガス
の供給経路（Ｌ）に炭素トラップ（７）を介在させた。
このトラップ（７）内には第２図に示すようにステンレ
スウールもしくはニッケルウールなどの金属ウール
（８）を充填した蛇行状通路を構成し、改質ガス中に混
入した炭素をこヽで捕捉して電池内への炭素流入を未然
に防止する。During the reforming, hydrocarbons having a large number of carbon atoms (average molecular formula C 7 H 15 ) such as naphtha usually increase the amount of water vapor to be mixed in, for example, S / C = 3 to 5; The mechanism is complicated and carbon is deposited on the reforming catalyst due to long-term use, and this carbon is sent to the anode (2) of the battery (FC) together with the reformed gas. In the present invention, the carbon trap (7) is interposed in the supply path (L) of the reformed gas.
As shown in FIG. 2, a meandering passage filled with metal wool (8) such as stainless steel wool or nickel wool is formed in the trap (7) to trap carbon mixed in the reformed gas. To prevent the inflow of carbon into the battery.

又トラップ（７）には出入口間の差圧検出器（９）を
有し、炭素捕捉量の増大を差圧で検出して新しいトラッ
プへの切換え、もしくは改質触媒の取換え、などメンテ
ナンスを行なう時期を検知する。The trap (7) has a differential pressure detector (9) between the entrance and the exit, which detects an increase in the amount of trapped carbon by the differential pressure and switches to a new trap or replaces the reforming catalyst. Detect when to do it.

第１図実施例に示すように、各々金属ウールを充填す
ると共に出入口間に差圧検出器（９）、（９′）を備え
た２つの炭素トラップ（７）、（７′）を、前記差圧検
出器（９）、（９′）の出力信号に連動する、切替弁
（10）と１対の開閉弁（11）、（11′）と、の間に各々
並列に接続し、検出器（９）の出力信号により切替弁
（10）と開閉弁（11）、（11′）とを連動操作し、新し
いトラップ（７′）に切替使用する。As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, two carbon traps (7) and (7 ') each filled with metal wool and provided with a differential pressure detector (9) and (9') between the entrance and the exit are provided. The detection valve is connected in parallel between the switching valve (10) and the pair of on-off valves (11) and (11 ') in synchronization with the output signals of the differential pressure detectors (9) and (9'). The switching valve (10) and the on-off valves (11) and (11 ') are operated in conjunction with the output signal of the vessel (9) to switch to a new trap (7').

このようにして、炭素を取除いた改質ガスがアノード
極（２）に供給され、一方空気と炭酸ガスの混合ガスが
カソード極（３）に供給され電気化学反応により電力を
発生する。In this way, the reformed gas from which carbon has been removed is supplied to the anode (2), while a mixed gas of air and carbon dioxide is supplied to the cathode (3) to generate electric power by an electrochemical reaction.

（ト） 発明の効果 本発明によればナフサの水蒸気改質によって得られる
改質ガスは金属ウールを充填した炭素トラップを通って
電池のアノード極に供給されるので、改質ガス中に含ま
れた炭素によりアノード極のガス拡散性や配管の目づま
りを未然に防止し、電池特性の経時劣化を抑制すること
ができる。また炭素トラップに付設した差圧検出器が炭
素析出モニターとして働き、新しいトラップへの切換
え、もしくは改質触媒の取りかえなどのメンテナンスを
行うことができるので、発電装置の保守管理性を向上す
ることができる。(G) Effect of the Invention According to the present invention, the reformed gas obtained by the steam reforming of naphtha is supplied to the anode of the battery through the carbon trap filled with metal wool, and is contained in the reformed gas. The carbon diffused can prevent gas diffusibility of the anode electrode and clogging of the piping beforehand, and can suppress deterioration with time of battery characteristics. In addition, the differential pressure detector attached to the carbon trap acts as a carbon deposition monitor, and maintenance such as switching to a new trap or replacing the reforming catalyst can be performed, improving the maintainability of the power generator. it can.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

第１図は本発明燃料電池発電装置のフローチャートを示
す図、第２図は同上の要部断面図である。 FC:燃料電池、2:アノード極、3:カソード極、RF:改質
器、4:反応部、6:蒸発器、７、７′：炭素トラップ、8:
金属ウール、９、９′：差圧検出器、10:切替弁。FIG. 1 is a view showing a flow chart of the fuel cell power generator of the present invention, and FIG. FC: fuel cell, 2: anode, 3: cathode, RF: reformer, 4: reaction unit, 6: evaporator, 7, 7 ': carbon trap, 8:
Metal wool, 9, 9 ': differential pressure detector, 10: switching valve.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 古川 修弘 大阪府守口市京阪本通２丁目18番地 三 洋電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 齋藤 俊彦 大阪府守口市京阪本通２丁目18番地 三 洋電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 西岡 正人 大阪府守口市京阪本通２丁目18番地 三 洋電機株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭61−146315（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−80768（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭56−72213（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−283563（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭63−133068（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 実開 昭61−87515（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 特公 昭63−63246（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Nobuhiro Furukawa 2-18-18 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshihiko Saito 2-18-18 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka (72) Inventor Masato Nishioka 2-18-18 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-61-146315 (JP, A) JP-A-61- 80768 (JP, A) JP-A-56-72213 (JP, A) JP-A-62-283563 (JP, A) JP-A-63-133068 (JP, U) JP-A-61-87515 (JP, U) JP-B 63-63246 (JP, B2)

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項１】炭化水素原料としてナフサを用い、これを
改質器で水蒸気改質して得られる改質ガスをアノード極
に、一方酸化剤ガスをカソード極に夫々供給して電力を
発生する燃料電池発電装置において、前記改質ガスの供
給経路に、各々金属ウールを充填すると共に出入口間に
差圧検出器を備えた２つの炭素トラップを、各々前記差
圧検出器の出力信号に連動する、切替弁と１対の開閉弁
と、の間に夫々並列に接続したことを特徴とする燃料電
池発電装置。An electric power is generated by using a naphtha as a hydrocarbon raw material and supplying a reformed gas obtained by steam reforming the naphtha in a reformer to an anode and an oxidant gas to a cathode. In the fuel cell power generator, two carbon traps, each of which is filled with metal wool and provided with a differential pressure detector between an entrance and an exit, are respectively linked to the output signal of the differential pressure detector in the supply path of the reformed gas. And a switching valve and a pair of on-off valves connected in parallel with each other.
JP01047819A 1989-02-28 1989-02-28 Fuel cell power generator Expired - Fee Related JP3086459B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP01047819A JP3086459B2 (en) 1989-02-28 1989-02-28 Fuel cell power generator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP01047819A JP3086459B2 (en) 1989-02-28 1989-02-28 Fuel cell power generator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH02227962A JPH02227962A (en) 1990-09-11
JP3086459B2 true JP3086459B2 (en) 2000-09-11

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ID=12785966

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP01047819A Expired - Fee Related JP3086459B2 (en) 1989-02-28 1989-02-28 Fuel cell power generator

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Country Link
JP (1) JP3086459B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4649028B2 (en) * 2000-09-13 2011-03-09 株式会社コロナ Method for vaporizing water-insoluble liquid fuel used in fuel cell system
EP1325531B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2004-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for monitoring the discharge of media out of a fuel cell, and a fuel cell system
JP4550385B2 (en) * 2003-08-11 2010-09-22 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 Hydrogen production apparatus and fuel cell system
JP4507955B2 (en) * 2005-04-05 2010-07-21 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Hydrogen generator and fuel cell system
JP7509594B2 (en) * 2020-07-21 2024-07-02 東京瓦斯株式会社 Solid carbon recovery type energy supply system and solid carbon recovery type energy supply method.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5672213A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-06-16 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust gas filter for internal combustion engine
JPS6187515U (en) * 1984-11-12 1986-06-07
JPS6363246A (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-19 Toshiba Corp Phase demodulation system

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