JP3069834B2 - Basement - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a basement of a building such as a house.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 15, when a basement 2 used as a storage or an underground warehouse is provided below a floor 1 on the first floor of a house, a wall 3 of the basement 2 is attached to the ground. Since it is provided to a considerably deep position, it is necessary to oppose the earth pressure applied from the side ground 5 to the wall 3 and the floor 4 of the basement 2,
The wall 3 and the floor 4 are made of a strong structure such as steel frame or reinforced concrete, or an earth retaining or retaining wall is provided outside the wall 3 separately.

[0003]

However, in both cases where the wall 3 and the floor 4 are made of steel frame or reinforced concrete, or where earth retaining or retaining walls are provided on the outside of the wall 3, the cost increases and the construction is performed. There was a problem that the period was prolonged.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a basement which can be constructed relatively inexpensively and in a short period of time. Therefore, the basement according to claim 1 is one of the buildings constructed on the ground through the foundation.
In a basement provided below the floor of the floor, at least two inclined planes inclined at an inclination angle of 30 to 45 ° obliquely downward from the bottom of each foundation toward the opposing foundation in the ground between the foundations. By performing the cutting so that is formed , the foundation defines the side of the basement,
The two inclined surfaces are configured to define a bottom of the basement .

[0005]

[0006]

[0007] Basement according to claim 2 is the structure of claim 1 and is characterized in that a horizontal plane in the middle of the lower end and / or inclined surfaces intersecting the two inclined surfaces.

[0008] The basement according to claim 3 is claim 1 or
In the second aspect, a water-resistant layer is formed on the surfaces of the two inclined surfaces.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the basement according to the first to third aspects.
In any one of the above configurations, it extends horizontally below the first floor with a predetermined vertical interval between the floor and the first floor,
It is characterized in that a partition wall whose both end portions are supported on a base facing each other is provided.

[0010]

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the basement according to the first to fourth aspects.
In any of the above configurations, the ground adjacent to the outdoor side of the foundation is cut so as to form an inclined surface that is inclined obliquely upward from the foundation toward the ground, and is dried on the outdoor side of the foundation. An area is provided.

[0012]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when constructing a basement of a building such as a house, the ground between the foundations on opposite sides of the building is inclined from each foundation toward the facing foundation side. At least two inclined surfaces inclined downward are provided.
In the case where the foundation is present in four directions of front, rear, left and right, for example, between the left and right foundations, the inclined surface is inclined downward and rightward from the left foundation to the right foundation, and Only two slopes may be provided, one with a slope that slopes down and down toward the left foundation, or in addition to the two slopes, a back and down slope between the front and back foundations, respectively. By providing two inclined surfaces, a total of four inclined surfaces can be provided.

In the present invention, since the depth direction of the basement is further extended below the bottom of the foundation by the at least two inclined surfaces, the depth of the bottom of the foundation in the ground is equal to the depth of the bottom of the conventional basement. Even if it is shallower than the depth, the depth of the whole basement including the above-mentioned inclined surface can be made approximately the same as the conventional one. As described above, since the depth of the foundation of the present invention can be made shallower than that of the conventional basement, the earth pressure applied to the foundation from the side is reduced as compared with the conventional basement. Therefore, there is no need to provide earth retaining and retaining walls for the purpose of protecting the foundation. or,
Since the slope can be formed only by cutting the ground, the construction cost of the basement can be reduced and the construction period can be shortened. Moreover, since the side part of the basement is defined by the foundation, the basement can be made robust.

Further, since the inclination angle of the two inclined planes with respect to the horizontal line is set to 30 to 45 °, collapse of the ground on the two inclined planes due to a load of a building or the like is less likely to occur. On the other hand, when the inclination angle is less than 30 °, the depth of the basement tends to be insufficient, and the inclination angle is 45 °.
When the angle exceeds °, there is a problem that the ground is easily collapsed on the inclined surface and the basement becomes too deep.

According to the second aspect, in the Cut, providing horizontal plane in the middle of the lower end or the individual inclined surfaces intersecting the two inclined surfaces. As a result, since a part of the bottom of the basement is constituted by a flat horizontal surface, it is easy for a person to walk in the basement, and to carry in and out articles, and to load and store articles in the basement. Will also be easier.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, after the cut,
A water-resistant layer is formed on the bottom surface including the inclined surface. This makes it difficult for groundwater to flow into the underground room, and makes it difficult for people and articles to be immersed in the groundwater.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a flat partition wall is provided horizontally below the floor of the first floor when the basement is constructed, and both ends of the partition wall are supported by the foundations on both sides. Thereby, the basement is divided into upper and lower two layers by a space between the floor on the first floor above the partition wall and a space between the inclined surface below the partition wall. The upper space may be used as a storage. In this case, since the flat partition wall extending in the horizontal direction forms the bottom of the storage, etc., it is easy for people to enter and leave and / or to store articles. Since it is sufficient that the partition wall can support a person and / or an article having a predetermined weight, it is not necessary to use a strong structure such as a steel frame or a reinforced concrete. For example, the partition wall can be constructed with a concrete plate or the like at low cost and in a short period of time. .

[0018]

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the cutting is performed on the ground adjacent to the outdoor side of the foundation so as to form a slope inclined obliquely upward from the foundation toward the ground. Accordingly, a dry area, that is, an area where the ground does not contact the foundation is provided on the outdoor side of the foundation, so that the earth pressure on the foundation from the ground adjacent to the outdoor side of the foundation is further reduced. In addition, if an entrance to the basement is provided so as to face the dry area, access to the basement is facilitated.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, buildings such as houses are
An opposing foundation 11 is provided on both sides. The foundation 11 is made of reinforced concrete or the like, and is provided on a ground 13 dug down from the ground surface 12 by a predetermined depth via a crushing stone 14. The depth of the foundation 11 in the ground 13 is approximately the same as the depth of the foundation of a normal house, and the depth of the conventional basement wall 3 shown in FIG.
Shallower than the depth of On the foundation 11, the floor set 1 on the first floor
5 and a floor finishing material 16 are provided, and a basement 17 is formed between the foundations 11 on both sides below the floor set 15.

On the ground 13 between the foundations 11 on both sides, two opposing inclined surfaces 13a and 13b which are inclined obliquely downward from the respective foundations 11 toward the opposing foundation 11 are formed by cutting. These inclined surfaces 13a and 13b form the bottom of the basement 17 having a V-shaped cross section. Ground surface 12
It is preferable that the inclination angle A of the inclined surfaces 13a and 13b is in the range of 30 to 45 °, but is not limited to this range. In the present embodiment, the inclined surfaces 13a, 1
The inclination angle is set to 30 ° so as to prevent the ground 13 from collapsing at 3b and to prevent the basement 17 from becoming excessively deep. The distance between the foundations 11 on both sides can be set arbitrarily, but is 8 m in this embodiment. In this embodiment,
Since the depth of the foundation 11 is made shallower than the depth of the conventional basement wall 3 in FIG. 15 to reduce the earth pressure applied to the foundation 11 from the periphery of the foundation 11, it is necessary to provide earth retaining and retaining walls and the like. Disappears.

In the second embodiment shown in FIG.
A water-resistant layer 18 is formed along the surfaces of a and 13b so that groundwater does not easily flow into the basement room 17. The water-resistant layer 18 can be easily formed at low cost by using mortar, ground improvement material, or the like.

In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the distance between the foundations 11 on both sides is made wider than in the first embodiment, and a flat horizontal plane 20 is formed at the lower end where the opposed inclined surfaces 13a and 13b intersect. The base of the basement 17 is formed to have a substantially trapezoidal cross section. In this case, since the horizontal surface 20 exists at the bottom of the basement 17, it is convenient for a person to walk in the basement 17, or to carry out work such as loading and unloading articles.
In addition, loading and storage of articles is convenient. The fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is different from the third embodiment in that the inclined surfaces 13a and 13b and the horizontal plane 2 are used.
In this case, a water-resistant layer 18 is formed along the surface of the zero.

The fifth embodiment shown in FIG.
Horizontal planes 21 are provided in the middle of a and 13b so that they are at the same height. In the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a horizontal surface 21 is provided in the middle of each of the inclined surfaces 13a and 13b, and a horizontal surface 20 is formed between the lower ends of the inclined surfaces 13a and 13b.

FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment in which a flat and horizontal partition wall 2 is provided between the foundations 11 on both sides in the first embodiment.
2, the basement 17 is divided into upper and lower two-layer spaces, and the space between the partition wall 22 and the floor set 15 is used as a storage. In this case, partition wall 2
It is sufficient that the partition wall 2 has a strength capable of supporting a predetermined weight of a person and / or an article. Therefore, the partition wall 22 can be constituted by laying, for example, a concrete plate or, in some cases, a wooden plate. . Partition wall 22 and floor set 15
Although the vertical width between them is somewhat smaller than that of a normal basement, it is possible to provide sufficient space for use as a storage or the like. In the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 8, a partition wall 22 is provided between the foundations 11 on both sides of the third embodiment.

In the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 9, a reinforcing beam 23 is provided below and adjacent to the floor set 15, and a rectangular parallelepiped box 24 is suspended from the reinforcing beam 23. in this case,
The inside of the box 24 having a flat and horizontal bottom wall 24a can be used as a storage or the like, and the box 24 can be made of a material such as a concrete plate, a wooden plate, or a metal plate at low cost.

FIG. 10 shows a tenth embodiment in which an inclined surface 13 which is inclined upward from the foundation 11 side to the ground surface 12 side is formed on the ground 13 outside the foundation 11 in the second embodiment.
c, 13d are formed, and a dry area 25 where the ground 13 does not contact the foundation 11 is provided outside the foundation 11. In this case, since the ground 13 does not exist outside the foundation 11, the earth pressure applied to the foundation 11 is further reduced.

A water resistant layer 18 is formed along the surfaces of the inclined surfaces 13c and 13d, and a ventilation opening 26 is formed in the foundation 11 so as to face the dry area 25 below the ground surface 12. Although not shown, the base 11 is provided with an entrance to the basement 17 so as to face the dry area 25 so that the basement 17 can easily enter and exit from the dry area 25. In the eleventh embodiment shown in FIG. 11, a dry area 25 is provided outside the foundation 11 of the fourth embodiment.

In the twelfth embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the underground room 17 is provided with no water-resistant layer 18 on the inclined surfaces 13a and 13b at the bottom, and the groundwater 27 is allowed to flow out to the bottom at the bottom. The pump or the like shown in the drawing is used to pump water to the upper part of the roof 30 via a pipe 28, and further, groundwater 27 flows down the surface of the roof 30, and a drain pipe 32 provided along a wall 31 of the house and a dry area 25. Through the water collecting hole 33 provided in the foundation 11 so as to face the bottom of the basement 17.
The roof 30 and each part of the house are cooled by circulating the groundwater 27.

In the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 13, a water storage tank 35 provided on the ground or the like is connected to the bottom of the basement room 17 by a pipe 34, and the groundwater 27 which has flowed out to the bottom is transferred to the water storage tank 35 and the water storage tank 35 By storing the water in the house, it can be used as emergency water for cooling and watering the house, other living water or fire prevention. The water tank 35
Alternatively, a reservoir may be provided.

The fourteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 14 is an improvement of the tenth embodiment, and is different from the first embodiment in that the foundation 1 facing the dry area 25 is formed.
1 is provided with a ventilation opening 26, and the space in the basement 17 is communicated with the ventilation passage formed in the wall 31 and the roof 30 of the house, so that the air in the basement 17 with little change in temperature, humidity, etc. And, it is configured so as to circulate in the roof 30 so that the ventilation in the wall can be more effectively performed.

In each of the above embodiments, only two inclined surfaces 13a and 13b are provided in the left-right direction for the sake of simplicity of explanation. The two inclined surfaces 13a and 13b are formed between the left and right foundations 11 of the foundation 11, and further,
Between the front and rear foundations 11, from the front foundation 11 to the rear foundation 1
A total of four inclined surfaces can be formed by providing an inclined surface inclined downward and rearward toward 1 and an inclined surface inclined downward and forward from the rear foundation 11 toward the front foundation 11. When the planar shape of the building is various polygons such as a pentagon and a hexagon, the number of inclined surfaces can be increased or decreased in accordance with the polygon. For example, when the building is cylindrical, an inverted conical shape is used. May be provided.

[0033]

As described above, the basement of the present invention comprises at least two opposed slopes, which are inclined obliquely downward from each foundation toward the opposite foundation side, on the ground between the foundations of the building. The surface is provided by cuts, and the space formed by this slope is used as the entire or partial space of the basement, and the depth of the basement can be secured by the slope, so that The depth can be made shallower than in a conventional basement to reduce the earth pressure applied to the foundation from around the foundation. As a result, it is not necessary to provide earth retaining and retaining walls for the purpose of protecting the foundations on both sides, so that it is possible to reduce the construction cost and shorten the construction period. In addition, since the side of the basement is defined by the foundation , and the bottom of the basement is defined by the two inclined surfaces, the base of the basement is constituted by the foundation , so that the structure is robust.

Further, since the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal line of the two inclined surfaces is 30 to 45 °, while maintaining the depth of the basement, the collapse of the ground in the inclined surface due to the load or the like of a building prevention can do.

The lower end where the two inclined surfaces intersect and / or
Or, if a flat horizontal surface is provided in the middle of the inclined surface, since there is a horizontal surface at the bottom of the basement, it is easy for people to walk in the basement and carry in and carry out articles, etc. Loading becomes easy. If a water-resistant layer is formed on the surface of the bottom, there is an advantage that it is difficult for groundwater to flow into the underground room, and that people and articles are hardly immersed in the groundwater.

Below the first-floor floor, flat partition walls are horizontally provided at predetermined vertical intervals between the first-floor floor and both ends of this partition wall are supported by opposing foundations. For example, the space in the basement is divided into two layers above and below the partition wall, but if the space above this partition wall is used as a storage, the bottom of the storage is flat extending horizontally. Because of the partition walls, it is easy for people to enter and exit and to load articles. Further, the partition wall is sufficient if it can support a predetermined weight of a person and an article, so that it is not necessary to use a strong structure such as a steel frame or a reinforced concrete.For example, a concrete plate or, in some cases, a wooden plate or the like is used. The partition wall can be constructed in a short time at low cost.

[0037]

A cut area is formed on the ground adjacent to the outdoor side of the foundation so as to form an inclined surface that is inclined obliquely upward from the foundation toward the ground surface, and a dry area is provided on the outdoor side of the foundation. In this case, the earth pressure applied to the foundation from the ground outside the foundation is further reduced. In addition, if an entrance to the basement is provided so as to face the dry area, access to the basement is facilitated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a basement according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a basement according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of a basement according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a basement according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a basement according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional explanatory view of a conventional basement.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Foundation 12 Ground surface 13 Ground 13a, 13b Slope 15 Floor set of 1st floor (floor of 1st floor) 17 Basement 18 Waterproof layer 20, 21 Horizontal plane 22 Partition wall 24 Box 25 Dry area

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-57-234 (JP, A) JP-A-2-1255071 (JP, A) JP-A-4-347215 (JP, A) JP-A-59-234 106670 (JP, A) JP 64152 (JP, U) JP 58-103236 (JP, U) JP 7-33676 (JP, B2) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02D 29/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A basement provided below a floor of a first floor of a building constructed on a ground with a foundation therebetween, wherein the ground between the foundations is obliquely lowered from the bottom of each foundation toward the opposing foundation. The foundation defines the sides of the basement by performing the cutting so that at least two slopes are inclined at an inclination angle in the range of 30 to 45 ° to
A basement, wherein the two inclined surfaces define a bottom of the basement. 2. The basement according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal plane is provided at a lower end portion where the two inclined surfaces intersect and / or in the middle of the inclined surfaces. 3. The basement according to claim 1, wherein a water-resistant layer is formed on the surfaces of the two inclined surfaces. 4. A partition wall extending horizontally below the first-floor floor with a predetermined vertical interval between the first-floor floor and the first-floor floor, and both ends of which are supported by opposing foundations. The basement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: 5. A cut is made on the ground adjacent to the outdoor side of the foundation so as to form an inclined surface which is inclined obliquely upward from the foundation toward the ground surface. The basement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an area is provided.