JP3067650B2 - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical crusher for treating municipal garbage discharged from homes and offices, particularly municipal garbage collected and recovered in plastic bags.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Many types of crushers are used for crushing crushed materials having various properties for various purposes. Among them, a vertical crusher has a crushed material at an upper part of a casing. Since the supply port is opened and the discharge port is opened at the bottom,
It is rational to repeatedly receive the crushing action while automatically transporting the crushed object using its own weight. Since the multi-stage swing hammer can be swiveled by the vertical rotating shaft rotating at high speed, the chance of collision with the crushed object can be maximized,
In general, the advantages of excellent crushing function and high crushing efficiency are widely appreciated.

However, the properties of crushed materials vary widely,
Depending on the type of crushed material input from the upper supply port,
Satisfactory crushing is not always guaranteed, and many conventional techniques have been tried in which the basic structure of a vertical crusher is devised in various ways to suit the properties of the material to be crushed and the purpose of crushing. .

In the prior art presented in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-40767, as shown in FIG. 6A, a vertical rotating shaft 102 is erected at the center of a casing 101 having a supply hopper opened on the top surface. A first row of movable blades 103 is provided at the uppermost stage via a rotor fitted on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 102, and a lower portion of the second row and lower movable blades 1 is provided below the movable blades 103 in the embodiment of FIG.
.. Are mounted movably, and a fixed blade 105 protrudes above the movable blades 103 in the first row and a fixed blade 106 protrudes between the steps of the movable blades 104 in the second row and below.
Are projected horizontally from the inner periphery of the casing at substantially equal intervals.

[0005] The crushed objects particularly targeted in this prior art are:
A large amount of by-product water from sawmills, chip factories, etc.
% Of hard pulp fibrous bark. Therefore, the gist of the prior art is narrowed down to a point that specifies the shape of the cutting edge particularly effective for crushing hard-to-crush bark, in addition to the configuration of the vertical crusher shown in FIG. As shown in the cross section in FIG. 6B, the cutting edge has a right-angled triangular cross section having an oblique side that rises and falls with respect to the rotation direction of the blade, and the movable blades 104 in the second and lower rows have cross sections in FIG. As shown in the figure, a cutting edge having a rectangular cross section in the same direction is provided. This prior art is significant in that the edge shape is limited to a known vertical crusher. Even if many other alternatives and additions are structurally applied, the object of the invention, that is, pulp containing a large amount of moisture He states that it is not possible to accurately achieve the shear crushing of fibrous bark.

[0006]

Recently, municipal garbage generated from homes and offices is stored in a thin plastic bag made of plastic such as vinyl, and stored on a predetermined day (a predetermined day).
In this case, a local government or a designated trader brings the vehicle to a collection location and collects the collected bags together in a rotary tank. This has a favorable reputation for being able to collect and efficiently collect urban garbage of various sizes and sizes, and to prevent pollution that scatters garbage and disperses dust and odor. However, at the same time that the method of storing municipal garbage in the collection bag has become established, one problem has also arisen.

[0007] In ordinary households and the like, garbage generated daily at home is collected in a relatively small plastic bag used as a shopping wrap in a supermarket or the like. It is a common practice to further store in a collection bag. Certainly, it is the most rational garbage disposal method that does not stain your hands from the viewpoint of household residents, but from the viewpoint of the collection side, you can use a larger number of smaller garbage bags inside a large collection bag. The form for accommodating garbage is in a normal form, and if this form occupies a large part, the conventionally known vertical crusher is likely to cause preliminary crushing of garbage not to proceed effectively.

[0008] For example, assuming that double municipal garbage, which is a target of the present invention, is put into the vertical crusher of the prior art shown in FIG. Even if the collection bag is squeezed between the row movable blade 103 and the fixed blade 105, the collection bag is likely to slip down from the surface of the fixed blade and to fall down without being crushed. Even if it is scattered for each small garbage bag inside,
There is no guarantee that the small garbage bag will be broken between the movable blades 104 and the fixed blade 106 in the lower second row and below, and the inside of the casing 101 will be discharged as the small garbage bag slips through. The probability of going straight to the exit is quite high.

[0009] Such a phenomenon is described in FIG. 5 in which the blade shapes of the fixed blades 103 and 104 focus only on shearing the bark.
(B) Due to the shape of (C), and since the fixed blades 105 and 106 projecting horizontally from the casing are merely flat projections, both large collection bags and small garbage bags are made of soft plastic. This is due to the fact that the thin film of the material is extremely slippery and the impact deforms immediately upon hitting, and the flexibility to absorb impact is a negative factor. It has been experimentally confirmed that plastic bags used for shopping bags, especially in supermarkets, are thin but strong, and can be discharged without breaking easily while maintaining the function of the bag until the end. There is a serious problem that the case where the impact energy applied to the stage is not sufficiently utilized and the waste energy is not used and does not lead to the effective crushing of refuse frequently occurs.

[0010] The crushing and fragmentation of municipal garbage as a preliminary treatment prevents clogging of the municipal garbage after treatment in a transport system path, facilitates the separation and recovery and reuse of metals and various useful components, and also facilitates subsequent processing. Since it has become an important prerequisite for waste management in recent years, such as promising the operation of a furnace with high thermal efficiency as an appropriately sized combustible in an incinerator, there is a defect in the processing of that process. This leads to a major problem that hinders the overall flow of waste disposal. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is directed to the effective crushing of municipal garbage stored in a habitually established double plastic collection bag. The purpose is to eliminate.

[0011]

A vertical crusher according to the present invention comprises: a vertical casing having an upper opening having a supply port and a lower opening having a discharge port;
A known vertical type equipped with a swing hammer swingably mounted on the outer periphery of a rotor externally fitted to the rotating shaft over a plurality of steps, and a fixed blade protruding from the inner circumference of the casing between the steps of the swing hammer. In addition to the configuration of the crusher, while forming a projection on at least one side of the tip of the swing hammer,
The configuration is characterized in that a projection is formed on at least one side of the tip of the fixed blade.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, projections are formed on both sides of the tip of the swing hammer, and projections are formed on both sides of the tip of the fixed blade. It is equipped with a drive mechanism that can convert the reverse. According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, a disk-shaped distribution plate is covered on the top surface of the rotating shaft, and a bag-breaking plate having a plurality of projections is provided on the distribution plate.

[0013]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view (A) showing an embodiment of the present invention and its XX view (B). 1
Is a vertical cylindrical casing having a supply port 2 opened at the upper part, a discharge port 3 opened at the lower part, and a top face sealed with an upper lid 4. Reference numeral 5 denotes a rotating shaft that stands vertically at the center corresponding to the cylindrical shaft center, and is supported by bearings 7 and 8 on a protective cylinder 6 and connected so as to be able to rotate at high speed by a drive mechanism (not shown). In the embodiment according to the second aspect, the drive mechanism is provided with a function capable of freely rotating forward and backward, and the rotation direction can be appropriately selected. The casing 1 generally has a cylindrical shape, but may have a polygonal shape.

Reference numeral 9 denotes a disk-shaped distribution plate covered on the top surface of the rotating shaft 5, and a bag-breaking plate 11 having two projections 10 is provided on the distribution plate 9. Reference numeral 12 denotes a conveyor for supplying a collection bag of municipal waste and the like into the casing 1. Reference numeral 13 denotes a rotor which is fitted around the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 5 and co-rotates therewith.
5 is loosely fitted loosely. Reference numeral 16 denotes a protrusion that projects horizontally from the inner periphery of the casing 1 immediately below the breaker.

Reference numeral 17 denotes a plurality of annular plates provided horizontally below the breaker 15 around the outer periphery of the rotor 13. The swing hammer 1 has a longitudinal axis 18 which penetrates the annular plate 17 in common.
9 is loosely fitted. Reference numeral 20 denotes a fixed blade that projects horizontally from the inner periphery of the casing 1 between the steps of the swing hammer 19. Reference numeral 21 is further below the annular plate 17 and the rotor 1
A ring hammer 23 is loosely fitted on a vertical axis 22 which is a plurality of stages of annular plates provided horizontally around the outer periphery of the annular plate 3 and penetrates the annular plate 21 in common. Reference numeral 24 denotes a discharge blade provided below the ring hammer 23.

As shown in FIG. 2 (A), the swing hammer 19 is formed by forming both ends of a tip portion 25 thereof with sharp projections 26 and forming a notch 27 at the center of the tip portion. Two projections 28 are formed. As shown in FIG. 2 (B), the fixed blade 20 is formed with sharp projections 30 on both sides of a tip portion 29, and another projections 31, 31 are also provided at the center of the side. Has formed.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
The collection bag storing the city garbage and the like is dropped by the supply conveyor 12 directly above the bag-breaking plate 11. And
The collection bag tries to stay at that position due to its own weight, but has two protrusions 10 on the bag breaking plate 11, and since the protrusions 10 rotate at high speed together with the rotating shaft 5, the collection bag is torn by the protrusions 10, The small garbage bags and wastes are exposed and distributed by the lower distribution plate 9 so as to be distributed almost evenly in the circumferential direction.

Even if there is a collection bag that has not been broken by the bag breaking plate 11, the bag is broken by being hit by the lower breaker 15 or being sandwiched between the breaker 15 and the projection 16. The crushed object such as a small garbage bag or waste that has fallen is hit by the breaker 15 or is caught between the breaker 15 and the projection 16. And relatively large crushed material is roughly crushed,
The surface of a small garbage bag may be scratched.

In order to damage the surface of the small garbage bag or to effectively break the small garbage bag itself, the shape of the breaker 15 is a large swing hammer. It is desirable that the side portions are formed by protrusions. Further, it is desirable that the protrusion 16 is also formed with a protrusion on the side of the tip.

Next, the object to be crushed falls further downward, and is hit hard by the swing hammer 19 rotating at a high speed.
Then, the waste not stored in the small garbage bag is crushed. The small garbage bag is deformed in accordance with the striking surface of the swing hammer 19 and then sandwiched between the swing hammer 19 and the fixed blade 20, as shown in FIG. Since the swing hammer 19 has a sharp projection 26 on the side of the tip and the fixed blade 20 also has a sharp projection 30 on the side of the tip 29, the swing hammer 19 The small garbage bag sandwiched between the fixed blade 19 and the fixed blade 20 does not slip and is always torn. The waste released from the small garbage bag is the lower swing hammer 19
Or is sandwiched between the swing hammer 19 and the fixed blade 20, and further crushed.

As shown in FIG. 2 (A), the notch 27 is formed in the center of the tip 25 of the swing hammer 19 to form the second protrusion 28 so that a small dust bag or the like is damaged. In order to increase the chances of giving, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), the formation of another projection 31 at the center of the side of the fixed blade 20 prevents the small garbage bag from slipping. This is to prevent more.

The swing hammer 19 naturally aims to extend the service life of a metal material having high wear resistance, sometimes ceramics, etc., but cuts it into an aggregate of municipal garbage in which various materials such as metal and glass are mixed. As long as the wear retreat is inevitable. Assuming that case in advance, each protrusion 2 of the swing hammer 19 and the fixed blade 20
If the crushing efficiency is reduced to the limit due to wear and retraction of one of the wear shafts, if the rotation direction is changed by a drive mechanism capable of reversing the rotation direction of the rotation shaft, if the rotation direction is changed, By using another protruding portion 26, 30 of abrasion again, the crushing efficiency can be restored to the original new state again, which greatly contributes to improvement of the operation rate and reduction of the number of maintenance steps.

Also, waste such as cloth or plastic sheet, which cannot be expected to be finely crushed only by the impact of the swing hammer 19, is sandwiched between the swing hammer 19 and the fixed blade 20, like a small garbage bag. Will be torn.

The finely crushed object falls further downward, is compressed and crushed by the ring hammer 23, and squeezes out moisture such as garbage. Then, the crushed material subjected to the final crushing action is fragmented and reaches the lowermost portion of the casing 1, and the discharge blade 24 which rotates together with the rotating shaft 5.
As a result, it is repelled toward the inner peripheral surface side of the casing 1, and is discharged out of the casing 1 from a discharge port 3 which is opened at only one location.

FIG. 4 shows various embodiments of the swing hammer 19 according to the present invention, and FIG.
Only one side portion of the tip portion 25 is formed by the angular projection 32,
In FIG. 7B, both sides of the tip 26 are square projections 32.
Further, in FIG. (C), a notch 27 is recessed in the center of the tip end portion 25, and second acute-angled projections 28, 28 are formed to face each other. Figure 2
(A) is different from that of (A) in that another protruding portion 33 is protruded at the center of both sides, and various forms can be freely selected.

FIG. 5 shows various forms of the fixed blade 20 according to the present invention. In FIG. 5A, only one side of the tip is formed by a horn-shaped projection 34, and FIG. In FIG.
Both sides are formed with angular projections 34, and FIG.
In (D), the both sides of the tip end are formed as projections 35 having an acute triangular shape.
In addition, in the case of FIG. (E) where a triangular projection 36 is provided on the side near the tip end, various other forms effective by shearing or tearing can be implemented.

[0027]

As described above, the vertical crusher according to the present invention is exclusively used for collecting garbage, which has been instructed to be customarily used almost nationwide when collecting municipal garbage from homes and offices. When a collection mode is adopted in which a collection bag is combined with a small garbage bag stored in the large collection bag, the effect of greatly improving the crushing and shearing action, which was insufficient with any of the conventional vertical crushers. Is remarkable. Incidentally, the vertical crusher according to the present invention and a known vertical crusher having no projection on the side of the tip of the swing hammer and the fixed blade have the same other operating conditions, and are identical in municipal waste. As a result of conducting an experiment of crushing, in the practice of the present invention, there was no crushed material that did not pass through the mesh sieve having the 100 mm opening, whereas in the practice of the prior art, a small trash bag was discharged as it was and the 100 mm opening was removed. Inadequately crushed material that failed to pass through the mesh sieve recorded as much as 25% by weight, and there is no doubt that this difference is clearly an effect unique to the present invention as long as other conditions are consistent.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is needless to say that the period during which the crushing efficiency of the swing hammer is kept constant is doubled as compared with the prior art, and the downtime of the apparatus required for renewal and the labor for complicated maintenance can be reduced by half. It has a great effect on work. According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the collection bag is broken and the small garbage bags accommodated therein are distributed downward uniformly, the small garbage bags can be sandwiched between the swing hammer and the fixed blade and torn. It is done reliably. Therefore, there is no possibility that the waste is transported while being stored in the garbage bag to the subsequent process, and the merit to be enjoyed in actual garbage disposal is extremely remarkable.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing an embodiment of the present invention (A).
XX of FIG.

FIG. 2 is a front view (A) of a swing hammer and a front view (B) of a fixed blade in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a partial front view showing the operation of a swing hammer and a fixed blade.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing various swing hammer embodiments according to (A) to (D).

FIG. 5 is a front view showing various fixed blade embodiments according to (A) to (E).

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional front view (A) of the prior art, a sectional view (B) of a first row movable blade thereof, and a cross sectional view (C) of a second row movable blade thereof.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Casing 2 Supply port 3 Discharge port 5 Rotating shaft 9 Distribution plate 11 Breaking plate 13 Rotor 14 Vertical axis 17 Annular plate 18 Vertical axis 19 Swing hammer 20 Fixed blade 21 Annular plate 22 Vertical axis 23 Ring hammer 25 Tip 26,32 Projection 29 Tip 30, 34, 35, 36 Projection

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 13/00-13/31 B02C 18/00-18/44

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vertical casing having a supply port opened upward and a discharge port opened downward, a rotating shaft erected at the center of the casing, and a plurality of stages arranged on the outer periphery of a rotor externally fitted to the rotating shaft. In a vertical crusher equipped with a swing hammer that is swingably mounted over and a fixed blade protruding from an inner periphery of a casing between each step of the swing hammer, a protrusion is provided on at least one side of a tip end of the swing hammer. Forming a part,
A vertical crusher characterized in that a projection is formed on at least one side of a tip of a fixed blade. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the protrusions are formed on both sides of the tip of the swing hammer, and the protrusions are formed on both sides of the tip of the fixed blade so that the rotation direction of the rotating shaft can be reversed. A vertical crusher characterized by having a drive mechanism capable of conversion. 3. The dispenser according to claim 1, wherein a disk-shaped distribution plate is covered on the top surface of the rotating shaft, and a bag-breaking plate having a plurality of projections is provided on the distribution plate. Vertical crusher.