JP3064441U - Digital stadia staff staff - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To create a digital stadia staff for a digital level and use the same to perform measurement with the digital level with high accuracy over a wider distance range. On the direction plane, one coding scale (5, 6) is arranged on each of two scale planes (3, 4) different from each other by a scale factor k ≠ 1, and one scale plane (3) The coding scale (5) arranged on the upper side is different from the coding scales (6, 12, 12 ') arranged on the other scale surface (4) by a scale factor k 係数 1.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

[Technical field to which the invention belongs]

 The present invention relates to a digital staff based on the generic concept of claim 1, which is mainly used in combination with a digital level.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 It is well known that digital levels are used for leveling. The measurement principle is consistent with the optical level, except for the readings taken electronically. But here comes the problem. The minimum target distance of the optical level is usually defined as the shortest measurement distance that the telescope of the level can focus. In this case, since the interval between figures at 10 cm intervals cannot be read in the telescope's field of view, a low-precision level and its associated centimeter scale staff (E scale) usually have only a telephoto image for this shortest target distance. It is not at all possible to get a clear measurement from. A surveying assistant with a staff staff usually moves a finger or pencil along the staff in this case. If the observer recognizes this in the field of view of the telescope, the survey assistant reads a 10 cm value on the staff and counts the centimeter line. Determining the measured value in this way naturally becomes a source of large errors, and cannot eliminate errors due to subjective causes.

From US Pat. No. 4,378,838 and US Pat. No. 4,060,909, a geodetic staff is known which has different, non-coded scales on two opposite faces, respectively. Even in the case of measurement using these staffs, the above-mentioned drawbacks must be closed. These staffs do not allow automatic measurements, for example, in combination with a digital level.

[0004] In the case of a digital level, a measuring method using the code scale is impossible. Relatedly, it is known to provide centimeter or millimeter scales on the back of a digital level staff in order to perform leveling visually in a known manner at the shortest possible focus distance. However, this has the disadvantage that it can only be measured visually at measurement distances less than the shortest target distance of the electronic measurement system, and that the measured values must be manually entered into the device, which causes measurement errors. .

[0005] According to DE 37 39 664, a staff scale for a digital level is known which permits measurement over a relatively large distance range. The determination of the shortest target distance is based on the fact that at least one complete codeword is always recognizable. DE 43 38 038 discloses a method in which the shortest target distance can be reduced by almost half compared to DE 37 39 664 with an additional code having a half length. DE 34 24 806 likewise mentions the names of precision codes or zoom optics for this purpose. However, zoom optics have the disadvantage that they make the device expensive and increase the possibility of optical error effects. A precision code is also proposed in DE 197 23 654.

According to the magazine “Vermessung und Raumordnung”, Vol. 57, No. 2, page 66, in the case of the longest target distance Dmax, a certain scale sampling OV is filled for the minimum code element g that must be further decomposed. It is known that the maximum target distance of the digital level is obtained if it is performed, that is, if, for example, two pixels enter each image component to be recognized.

That is: g × f ≧ Dmax × p × OV (1) where: f Focal length of the digital level telescope objective lens g Code element width Dmax Longest target distance p Pixel size OV Oversampling, ie, per code element Number of pixels On the other hand, if at least one more codeword can be read reliably and completely, then the shortest target distance is reached. N × g × f ≦ Dmin × p × Z (2) where: N Number of bits in a code word Dmin Shortest target distance Z Number of pixels

[0008] Excluding the inequality sign from equations (1) and (2), the measurable range of the digital level can be fully utilized. Then, it is possible to put the left sides of both formulas as equal, and after some deformation, Z = N × OV × Dmax / Dmin (3) Formula (3) indicates the number of pixels of the CCD sensor and the longest target distance. The required oversampling and the minimum number of bits at the shortest target distance indicate that the distance relationship at which the digital level can operate is determined.

[0009]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

 An object of the present invention is to create a digital stadia staff for a digital level and use the same to perform a digital level measurement with high accuracy over a wider distance range.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 The object is achieved on the basis of the invention, that is to say by using a digital staff that is characterized by the measures recited in claim 1. At least one coded scale is arranged on each of at least two scale planes of the scale surface of the stadia staff, and at least one coded scale arranged on one scale plane is Advantageously, it differs from at least one coded scale arranged on the other scale surface by a scale factor k 尺度 1. If the measurement has to be performed at a long target distance, ie in a distant region, it is advantageous to take k> 1. The coded scale used at this time is divided more coarsely than the other graduations used for surveying the adjacent area, which are arranged on the other graduation planes of the Stadia staff.

The present invention is also suitable for application to digital stadia staffs having various cross sections. Stadia staff can have a triangular, square, circular or elliptical cross section. Moreover, other cross sections not mentioned here, for example cross sections having more than four corners, can also be used. However, in most applications, a digital cross-section staff with a rectangular cross section is used, so that at least one coded scale is arranged on each of the facing scales of the square cross-section stasia staff, in which case one graduation is used. Advantageously, at least one coded scale on a scale plane is larger or smaller by at least a scale factor k than at least one coded scale on another scale plane. Here, 1> k> 0 and k> 1, that is, k is not equal to 1. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the zeros of the coded scales arranged on the scale plane coincide.

[0012]

[Embodiment of the invention]

 The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, a digital stadia staff according to the invention having a rectangular cross section 2, one on each of two facing scale faces 3 and 4 of the closed scale face. It has two coded scales 5 and 6. These two coded scales 5 and 6 have different scales by a factor k, where k 係数 1 and can take on values less than one.

FIG. 2 shows the first part of the coded scale 5 on the graduation surface 3 of the stadia staff 1 with code bars 7, 8, the arrangement of the code bars being as taught in DE 37 39 664. It is done in a manner known by. By overlaying pseudo-stochastic codes with two-phase codes, only two different code bar widths of 1 cm and 2 cm are required. The additional code bars 9, 9 'for working at short target distances are made according to the teachings of DE 43 38 038. These bars 9, 9 'are actually about 1 mm wide.

FIG. 3 shows the first part of the coded scale 6 on the scale surface 4 opposite the scale surface 3 of the digital stadia staff 1 with code bars 10, 10 ′. The code bars 10, 10 ′ are arranged in the same way as on the other graduation surfaces 3, but here are arranged with a width increased by a factor k = 4.

Another embodiment of the present invention, shown in FIG. 4, shows a scale surface 11 with coded scales 11, corresponding to code bars 10, 10 ', a code bar similar to FIG. 12, 12 'are also included on this scale surface 11. However, in the case of the digital staff bar shown in FIG. 4, the code bars 13 and 14 (FIG. 3) mobilized during the measurement for the short target distance are not used. Since the coding scale shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 is used preferentially for a long target distance, the code bars 13 and 14 need not be used.

A working method using the digital stadia staff 1 according to the present invention will be described below. The length of the digital stadia staff 1 is, for example, 4 m. On the scale surface 3 on the front of the staff, the coded scale 5 shown in FIG. 2 is arranged over the entire length of the staff to the 4 m end of the staff. On the side shown in FIG. 2 of the staff, it is no longer necessary to use the longest target distance Dmax, whereas the coding scale shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 changed by a scale factor k = 4 is used. Therefore, the focal length of the digital level objective lens can now be shortened by, for example, a factor of 2 with respect to the state given by equation (1). As a result, the imaging scale is similarly reduced by the coefficient 2, so that the shortest target distance Dmin is reduced by the coefficient 2 based on the equation (2).

For long target distances, as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, a scale surface 4 on the other side of the digital stadia staff 1 on which the enlarged coded scale is arranged is used. Since this coded scale has code bars 10, 10 ', 12, 12', 15, 16 enlarged by, for example, a factor "4", if the focal length f of the digital level object lens does not change, Similarly, the maximum target distance Dmax is expanded by the coefficient "4" based on the equation (1).

In this embodiment, however, since the minimum target distance Dmin is reduced by the coefficient “2” by the scale surface 3 of FIG. Therefore, the possibility that the target distance of Dmax can be increased by this level by the coefficient “2” still remains. As a whole, since the shortest and longest target distances for the state given by equations (1) to (3) are extended by a factor of “2”, the expansion of the measurement range occurs by a factor of “4”. Become.

For the scales 6 or 12 of the scale surface 4 shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, a code that exceeds the staff 4 meters when the code is continued based on FIG. 3 is used. Since the cord is extended by a factor of 4, a large cord (fifth meter of the staff) is needed to completely cover the back of the 4-meter Stadia staff.

The evaluation is carried out in such a way that if the measured value in the long range is at 0 to 4 meters and the code word in that range is read as 0 to 4 meters, the measured value is used as it is. . If the measured value H in the distant range is 4 to 5 meters and the code word in that range is read more than 4 meters, subtract 4 meters from the measured value and multiply the rest by 4 for use. At this time, the apparatus itself recognizes which one of the scale surfaces 3 and 4 of the stazier staff 1 is to be used, and accordingly, the possibility of an error is eliminated. For this purpose, the device must simply be told in the operating menu that it was measured using the Stadia staff 1 described in the present invention and not using the normal 5 m staff. Only.

The survey assistant can use both the coded scale 5 and the scale 6 in most of the target distance area to be measured, and only in the short target distance area, the scale 5 shown in FIG. Must be used. In the case of a long target distance area, for example a river level survey, the coded scale 6 (FIG. 3) or 12,12 * (FIG. 4) on the scale plane 4 on the far side must be used. However, the scales 12, 12 * shown in FIG. 4 are used for a target distance area slightly longer than the scale 6.

The scale codes on the individual scale surfaces of the digital stadia staff can be segmented so as not to cause any confusion. In this case, a separate code-generated pseudo-random sequence is used for each scale surface. In this case, it is possible that coded scales on different scale planes have the same zero point. The scale factor k between the individual scales 5 and 6 of the staff 1 need not be an integer. However, if it is an integer, it is easy to calibrate the staff.

The digital stadia staff 1 can also be formed in a cross section other than a rectangular cross section. For example, circular, oval, triangular and square cross sections are possible. However, it must only be ensured that several coded scales can be placed on the individual scales in the vertical direction of the stud staff.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1: Stadia digital staff with coded scales arranged on opposite sides

FIG. 2 is a front view of the staff according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows the back of the staff according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a rear view of a staff without a short-distance cord according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 staff 3,4 scale surface 5,6 coded scale 7,8 code bar 9,9 'additional code bar 10,10' code bar 11 coded scale 12,12 ', 13,14,15,16 code bar

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Wierland Feist (Original notation) D-07743 Jena Friedrich Wolff Strasse 6 (Original notation) Friedrich-Wolf-str. 6, D-07743 Jena, Germany (72) Inventor Thomas Mallold (Original notation) Thomas Marold Germany D-07745 Jena Dorote a Weiss-Strasse 35 (Original notation) Dorothea-Veit-str. 35, D-07747 Jena, Germany

Claims (5)

[Utility model registration claims] 1. A closed scale surface, characterized in that at least two coded scales (5, 6) which are different from one another by a scale factor k ≠ 1 are arranged on a longitudinal surface of the scale. Digital stadia staff staff. 2. At least one coded scale (5, 6) is respectively arranged on at least two scale planes (3, 4) of the scale plane, in which case one scale plane (3) is provided. The at least one coded scale (5) arranged differs from the at least one coded scale (6,12,12 ′) arranged on the other scale surface (4) by a scale factor k ≠ 1. The digital stadia staff according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. A digital stadia staff (1) is a triangle,
Digital staff bar according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a square, circular or elliptical cross section. 4. At least one coded scale (5, 6) is arranged on each of the opposed scale surfaces (3, 4) of the stazier staff (1) having a rectangular cross section,
In that case, at least one coded scale (5) on one scale surface (3) is replaced by another scale surface (4).
At least one coded scale above (6,12,1
Digital staffer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for 2 ') the scale factor is scaled up or down by k ≠ 1. 5. At least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coded graduations (5, 6, 12, 12 ') arranged on the graduation plane (3, 4) have coincident zero points. Digital stadia staff staff described in one.