JP3050899B2 - Sphere processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a processing apparatus for processing a sphere such as a ceramic ball used for a ball bearing.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, this type of sphere processing apparatus has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-2860.
Has been proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No.

In this processing device, a sphere is sandwiched between a processing groove provided in a lower wrap and an upper wrap, and two wraps are rotated while applying a processing pressure to the sphere, thereby lapping the surface of the sphere. Things.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In the above-described processing apparatus, the processing amount of the sphere is greatly influenced by the rotation speed of the sphere and the processing pressure. In order to increase the processing efficiency, it is necessary to increase the rotation speed of the lap body or set the processing pressure to a large value. .

However, when the rotational speed of the lap body is increased to increase the processing efficiency, the abrasive grains supplied to the processing position are blown outward by centrifugal force and separated from the sphere, causing a decrease in efficiency and deterioration in accuracy There is. Therefore, the rotation of the lap body is limited within a range that does not deteriorate the supply state of the abrasive grains, and there is a disadvantage that a large increase in the rotation speed cannot significantly improve the processing efficiency.

In addition, when processing is performed with a high processing pressure, numerous spheres are generated on the surface of the sphere, and in many cases, the flaws cannot be removed in the next finishing processing, and the friction of the lap body also remarkably progresses. Conversely, when the processing pressure is reduced, the processing flaws are reduced, but the processing efficiency is greatly reduced. For this reason, during processing, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the processing pressure to a size at which the processing efficiency and the processing accuracy can be economically compatible, but such adjustment is difficult, and there is a problem that the working efficiency is deteriorated. is there.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a sphere processing apparatus that can change the motion state of a sphere without depending on the processing pressure and the speed of rotation, and that can simultaneously achieve high processing efficiency and processing accuracy.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention arranges a second drive ring outside the first drive ring with the center axis aligned, and faces the first and second drive rings with their end faces facing each other. A third drive ring coaxial with both drive rings is provided, the drive rings are rotatably supported in the forward and reverse directions, and each drive ring is connected to rotation drive means that operates independently of each other. The opposing surface is formed with a processing surface that holds the sphere so as to roll around the center axis of each drive ring from three directions, and supports the third drive ring movably in the axial direction. A working pressure generating means is connected to the drive ring to apply a working pressure to the sphere between the third drive ring and the first and second division rings, and during rough machining, one of the first to third drive rings is used. Attach any two drive rings to each other And at the same time, the other one drive ring is rotated at a low speed in one direction or stopped, and at the time of finish machining, any two drive rings of the first to third drive rings are rotated in the same direction. And the other drive ring is rotated in the opposite direction.

The processing pressure during the rough processing can be set relatively higher than the processing pressure during the finishing processing.

In the above configuration, the processing surface of any one of the three drive rings can be formed from a plurality of surfaces that make point contact with the sphere.

Further, the second drive ring may be provided with an insertion passage for a sphere penetrating from the outer peripheral surface to the processing surface.

Further, the processing surface of any one of the three driving rings may be a grinding wheel, or a polisher may be attached to the processing surface.

[Action]

In the case of rough machining, the first drive ring and the second drive ring are rotated in opposite directions, and the third drive ring is rotated at a low speed,
Leave in a stopped state.

Thus, when each drive ring is rotated in the reverse direction, the orbital force and the spin force are applied to the sphere, so that the orbital motion and the spinning motion occur, and the slip in the contact area between the sphere and the processing surface increases. In addition, since the movement of the third drive ring is low, the escape of the abrasive grains on the processed surface is reduced, and the circumference of the sphere can be kept in a stable supply state of the abrasive grains.

On the other hand, in the case of finishing, the first and second drive rings are rotated in the same direction, and the third drive ring is rotated in the opposite direction to both drive rings. As a result, no spin force is applied to the sphere, and the slip in the contact area with the processing surface becomes constant, so that no processing flaw is generated on the sphere surface.

Note that, in the above description, the first driving ring is used for the first driving ring.
And the rotation direction of the second drive ring is changed, but the rotation direction of the other two drive rings may be changed with respect to the first drive ring or the second drive ring.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the third drive ring 1 is a ring formed in an annular shape, and is movably fitted into a circumferential groove 3 formed in an upper end face of the lower rotary shaft 2. ing. A pin 5 protruding from the circumferential groove 3 is slidably fitted in the hole 4 on the lower surface of the third drive ring 1. It is movable and is engaged so as to rotate integrally.

The inside of the circumferential groove 3 is hermetically sealed by a sealing material 6 incorporated between the circumferential groove 3 and the third drive ring 1, and a fluid introduction passage 7 penetrating through the inside of the lower rotary shaft 2 is provided on the lower surface thereof. Communicating. The introduction path 7 communicates with a pressure fluid supply source (not shown) via a rotary joint 8 at the lower end of the rotating shaft 2, and when the pressure fluid passes through the introduction path 7 and is introduced into the circumferential groove 3. , The third drive ring 1 rises, and the first drive ring
A processing pressure is generated between 17 and the second drive ring 18.

The lower rotating shaft 2 is rotatably supported via a bearing 11 on a support case 10 attached to a base frame 9 of the processing apparatus.
A rotation motor 14 is connected via a belt 13 to a pulley 12 fixed to its lower end. The support case 10 is vertically movably attached to the base frame 9 by the engagement of the screw portion 15, and the support case 10 and the lower rotary shaft 2 are moved closer to and away from an upper rotary shaft 20, which will be described later. The setup for exchanging the second drive ring 18 and the third drive ring 1 can be easily performed.

The upper surface of the third drive ring 1 is formed with a V-shaped processing surface 16 including two surfaces 16a and 16b that make point contact with the sphere A. The processing surface 16 is formed in an annular shape about the axis of the lower rotating shaft 2, and approximately half of the sphere projects from the upper surface of the third drive ring 1 in a state where the sphere A is fitted to the processing surface 16. It has become.

On the other hand, a first drive ring 17 and a second drive ring 18 are arranged above the third drive ring 1 so as to face the upper surface.

The second drive ring 18 is fixed to the lower end of an upper rotary shaft 20 rotatably suspended by a bearing 19 on the base frame 9, and the first drive ring 17 has a bearing inside the upper rotary shaft 20. It is fixed to the lower end of an internal rotation shaft 22 supported by 21.

A pulley 25 connected to a rotary motor 24 via a belt 23 is fixed to an upper end of the upper rotary shaft 20, while a pulley 25 connected to a rotary motor 27 via a belt 26 is connected to an upper end of the internal rotary shaft 22. The pulley 28 is fixed, and the two rotating shafts 20, 22
Are independently driven to rotate by rotation motors 24 and 27, respectively.

Outer peripheral edge of the first drive ring 17 and second drive ring
The inner peripheral edge of the machining surface 16 of the third drive ring 1
The inclined processing surfaces 29 and 30 are formed so as to be in contact with the sphere A from the inside and the outside, and the sphere A is rolled from the three directions between the processing surfaces 29 and 30 and the processing surface 16. It is designed to be held as possible.

A lap liquid supply hole 31 penetrates vertically inside the internal rotation shaft 22, and a lap liquid supply device (not shown) is connected to an upper end of the supply hole 31 via a rotary joint 32. On the other hand, a distributing inner ring 33 is rotatably attached to the lower end of the internal rotating shaft 22, and the lapping liquid supplied to the lower end of the rotating shaft 22 through the supply hole 31 is processed by the rotating inner ring 33.
Distributed to 16.

A lap liquid collecting joint 35 is attached to the lower portion of the cover 34 attached to the base frame 9 so as to surround the lower rotary shaft 2 and the upper rotary shaft 20. The liquid is collected by the lapping liquid supply device through the collecting joint 35, and is circulated for use.

The processing apparatus according to the embodiment has the above-described structure, and its operation will be described below.

In the case of processing a sphere, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a plurality of spheres A such as ceramic balls are inserted between the processing surface 16 and the processing surfaces 29 and 30 and introduced in that state. Road 7
Pressure fluid is introduced into the circumferential groove 3 from the third drive ring 1
A processing pressure is applied to the sphere A between the first driving ring 17 and the second driving ring 18.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a processing control example.
First, in the rough machining, the machining pressure is set to a high
The drive ring 17 is rotated counterclockwise, the second drive ring 18 is rotated clockwise, and the third drive ring 1 is rotated counterclockwise at a low speed.

When the first drive ring 17 and the second drive ring 18 are rotated in the opposite directions, a spin force is applied to the sphere A together with a revolving motion rolling along the processing surface 16, and the sphere A rotates on its own axis. . Therefore, the contact areas a and b between the sphere A and the processing surface 16
Is significantly larger than in the conventional case where only the revolving motion is performed in the machining groove, and efficient machining can be performed at a high speed.

In addition, by rotating the third drive ring 1 at a low speed, the lapping liquid stays at the processing position without escaping to the outside due to centrifugal force, so that the surface of the sphere A can always be kept in a state where a sufficient amount of abrasive grains are supplied, and the Lapping can be performed.

In the above case, if the difference between the rotational speeds of the two drive rings 17 and 18 is changed, the direction of the rotation axis of the sphere A changes, and the combination of the rotation axis direction and the rotation direction of the third drive ring 1 causes the contact area a , B can be strengthened or weakened. Therefore, by controlling the rotation of the drive ring, the motion state (rolling and sliding) of the sphere A can be freely changed, and the processing state can be arbitrarily controlled.

In the above roughing, the third drive ring 1 may be stopped. In this case, the sphere A
First and second so that rotation and orbital motion are simultaneously added to
It is necessary to appropriately set the difference between the rotational speeds of the drive rings 17 and 18.

As shown in Figure 5, the near Nuisance and (T ₁ hour) dimensioned aim machining dimensions of the sphere A, switch to finishing. The switching to the finishing processing is performed by setting the processing pressure low and rotating the second drive ring 18 clockwise to rotate in the same direction as the first drive ring 17.

When the third drive ring 1 and the first and second drive rings 17 and 18 are rotated in opposite directions, no spin force is applied to the sphere A, and the sphere A performs only the orbital movement of the processing surface 16. become. For this reason, the sliding applied to the sphere A becomes constant, and the generation of processing flaws is prevented, and the sphere surface can be finished to a beautiful surface.

 6 and 7 show another embodiment.

In this example, the processing surface 45 of the third drive ring 43 is formed as a flat surface, and the processing surface 44 composed of two surfaces 44a and 44b that are in point contact with the sphere A is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the second drive ring 42. Has formed.

Further, the second drive ring 42 has a sphere insertion passage 46 formed by cutting out a part of the peripheral surface thereof and penetrating from the outer peripheral surface to the processing surface 44.
It is closed by.

The other structure is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG.

In the above-described structure, the rotation direction and the number of rotations of the first drive ring 41 and the third drive ring 43 with respect to the second drive ring 42 are changed, so that the processing surface 44 of the second drive ring 42 and the sphere A The motion state in the contact areas a and b can be changed, and roughing and finishing can be performed continuously.

Further, the closing member 47 is removed from the sphere insertion passage 46, and the first and third drive rings 41,
When the ball 43 is rotated in the same direction, the sphere A can be continuously put into the machining position from the outside of the second drive ring 42 by the feed action of the rotation, or can be discharged in the opposite direction. It can be done very easily.

In the example of FIG. 8, a grinding wheel 51 is attached to the second drive ring 42 'to enable grinding of a sphere. In this case, it is preferable to use a high-rigidity grindstone such as a metal bond grindstone as the grindstone 51 to be used, and to mix hard abrasive grains such as WA and GC in the lapping liquid. In addition, by dressing the grindstone 51 during processing, the grinding amount of the sphere can be increased, and highly efficient grinding can be maintained.

On the other hand, in the embodiment of FIG. 9, a viscoelastic polisher 52 is attached to the processing surface 44 of the second drive ring 42 in the example of FIG. 6 so that polisher processing of the spherical surface can be performed. is there. In this case, if the sphere A is nitride ceramics such as S _i3 N _4, using red iron oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide as a working fluid, polisher 52 to the working fluid
To give the sphere A slip. Thereby, a sphere having a highly accurate and beautiful surface can be formed.

In addition, the polisher 52 may be attached not only to the processing surface 45 but also to the processing surfaces 45 and 48 of the first or third drive ring. Thereby, the contact of the machining groove or the driving surface with the surface of the spherical body A can be remarkably softened, and the spherical surface can be finished to a mirror surface state.

In the above-described embodiment, the processing surface of each drive ring is formed as a surface that comes into point contact with the sphere. However, as shown in FIG. 10, one processing surface 53 (in this example, the third drive ring The processed surface) may be formed in an R-shaped surface along the shape of the sphere A, and may be brought into contact with the sphere A in a surface contact state. In this case, it is desirable to form a groove 54 for the lap liquid reservoir at the bottom of the processing surface 53.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the sphere is sandwiched between the three drive rings, and the three drive rings are driven to rotate independently, so that the rotation direction and the number of rotations of each drive ring are changed. By doing so, the motion state of the sphere can be freely controlled. Therefore, it can be performed in one step from rough processing to finishing processing, and highly efficient processing can be performed.

In addition, since it is not necessary to increase the processing pressure or to increase the rotation of the drive ring, generation of processing flaws and scattering of the processing liquid can be suppressed, and processing can be performed with high accuracy and stability.

Furthermore, since the processing device of the present invention can arbitrarily control the motion state (sliding and rolling) of the sphere, it can be applied not only to lapping of the sphere but also to grinding and polishing. It has the advantage of being applicable to a wide range of processing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially longitudinal front view of the processing apparatus of the embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view of the same, FIG. 3 is a partially vertical front view showing a main part of the same, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a view showing an example of processing control, FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing another embodiment, FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 6, FIG. FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing another example. 1, 43 ... third drive ring, 2 ... lower rotating shaft, 3 ...
Circumferential groove, 7 ... Fluid introduction path, 14 ... Rotary motor, 16, 4
5, 53 ... machined surface, 17 ... first drive ring, 18, 42, 4
2 ': second drive ring, 20: upper rotary shaft, 22: internal rotary shaft, 24: rotary motor, 27: rotary motor, 29,
48… Working surface, 30, 44… Working surface, 31… Lapping liquid supply hole, 34… Cover, 35… Recovery joint, 51… Grinding wheel, 52… Polisher, 53… Working surface , A ... a sphere.

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A second drive ring is disposed outside the first drive ring with its central axis coincident with the first drive ring. The end faces of the second drive ring are opposed to the first and second drive rings, and are coaxial with both drive rings. A third drive ring is provided, the drive rings are rotatably supported in forward and reverse directions, and rotation drive means operating independently of each other are connected to the respective drive rings. Is formed so as to be able to roll around the center axis of each drive ring from three directions,
The third drive ring is supported so as to be movable in the axial direction, and a processing pressure generating means is connected to the third drive ring so that the third drive ring is connected to the sphere between the third drive ring and the first and second drive rings. Applying a processing pressure to rotate any two of the first to third drive rings in directions opposite to each other at the time of rough processing, and to rotate the other one of the drive rings at a low speed in any one direction. Alternatively, the sphere processing may be such that any two of the first to third drive rings are rotated in the same direction and the other drive ring is rotated in the opposite direction during finishing processing. apparatus. 2. The sphere processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing pressure during the rough processing is set relatively higher than the processing pressure during the finishing processing. 3. The sphere processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a processing surface of any one of the three drive rings is formed from a plurality of surfaces that are in point contact with the sphere. 4. The sphere machining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second drive ring is provided with a sphere insertion passage penetrating from the outer peripheral surface to the machining surface. 5. The sphere machining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a machining surface of one of the three drive rings is a grinding wheel. 6. The sphere processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a polisher is attached to a processing surface of any one of the three drive rings.