JP3043185B2 - How to treat radioactive graphite waste - Google Patents

How to treat radioactive graphite waste

Info

Publication number
JP3043185B2
JP3043185B2 JP4244816A JP24481692A JP3043185B2 JP 3043185 B2 JP3043185 B2 JP 3043185B2 JP 4244816 A JP4244816 A JP 4244816A JP 24481692 A JP24481692 A JP 24481692A JP 3043185 B2 JP3043185 B2 JP 3043185B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
graphite
waste
graphite waste
radioactive
radioactive graphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP4244816A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0694896A (en
Inventor
考弥 手嶌
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority to JP4244816A priority Critical patent/JP3043185B2/en
Publication of JPH0694896A publication Critical patent/JPH0694896A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3043185B2 publication Critical patent/JP3043185B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00Specific waste
    • F23G2209/18Radioactive materials

Landscapes

  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、例えば原子炉の燃料棒
のスリーブや炉心の黒鉛ブロック等として使用された放
射性グラファイト廃棄物の処理方法に関するものであ
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating radioactive graphite waste used, for example, as a fuel rod sleeve of a nuclear reactor or a graphite block of a reactor core.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】原子炉の燃料棒はグラファイト製スリー
ブの内部に燃料要素本体を収納したものであり、燃料棒
の交換の際にこのスリーブが放射性グラファイト廃棄物
として出ることになる。また廃炉時には、炉心の黒鉛ブ
ロックが放射性グラファイト廃棄物として一時的に大量
発生することになる。一般に低レベル放射性廃棄物は地
中に埋設処分する計画が進められているのであるが、処
分場においては廃棄物中の総放射能量及び最大放射能濃
度が規制されており、上記の放射性グラファイト廃棄物
は含まれるC-14、H-3 、Co-60 、Ni-59 、Sr-90 等の放
射性核種のうち、特にC-14、H-3 の濃度や総放射能量が
多いためにそのまま埋設処分することが不可能である。
2. Description of the Related Art A fuel rod of a nuclear reactor has a fuel element main body housed inside a graphite sleeve, and when the fuel rod is replaced, this sleeve comes out as radioactive graphite waste. At the time of decommissioning, a large amount of graphite blocks in the core are temporarily generated as radioactive graphite waste. In general, low-level radioactive waste is being buried underground, but the total amount of radioactive waste and the maximum concentration of radioactive waste are regulated at the disposal site. Of the radioactive nuclides such as C-14, H-3, Co-60, Ni-59, Sr-90, etc., the substance is buried as it is because the concentration and total radioactivity of C-14 and H-3 are particularly high. It is impossible to dispose.

【0003】従って従来はこのような放射性グラファイ
ト廃棄物はそのまま原子力発電所の構内に保管されてお
り、多くの保管スペースを必要とするためにその解決策
が求められていた。
[0003] Conventionally, such radioactive graphite waste is stored as it is in the premises of a nuclear power plant, and a large amount of storage space is required, so a solution has been required.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は上記した従来
の問題点を解決し、使用済み燃料棒のスリーブおよび炉
心の黒鉛ブロックのような放射性グラファイト廃棄物を
大幅に減容し、かつ埋設処分を可能とした放射性グラフ
ァイト廃棄物の処理方法を提供するために完成されたも
のである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and significantly reduces the volume of radioactive graphite waste such as spent fuel rod sleeves and graphite blocks in the core, and burials. The present invention has been completed in order to provide a method for treating radioactive graphite waste.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めになされた本発明は、放射性グラファイト廃棄物を
1.5mm以下の大きさに粉砕し、 2 濃度を28〜3
2%に富化した燃焼用空気を吹き込み800〜1200
に加熱した循環流動床炉で焼却することによりC−1
4、H−3をCO2 、H2 Oとしてガス化し、このCO
2 、H 2 OをCO 2 吸収塔により同時に除去して回収
た後セメント固化処理するとともに、C−14、H−3
を含まない残渣を固型化することを特徴とする放射性グ
ラファイト廃棄物の処理方法を要旨とするものである。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method for producing radioactive graphite waste.
Pulverize to a size of 1.5 mm or less and reduce the O 2 concentration to 28-3
Inject combustion air enriched in 2% 800-1200
C-1 by incineration in a circulating fluidized bed furnace heated to
4. Gasification of H-3 as CO 2 and H 2 O
2, H 2 O were harvested and removed simultaneously by the CO 2 absorber
As well as cement solidification after, C-14, H-3
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The gist of the present invention is a method for treating radioactive graphite waste, which comprises solidifying a residue containing no graphite.

【0006】[0006]

【実施例】以下に本発明を図示の実施例とともに更に詳
細に説明する。図1に示すように、まず放射性グラファ
イト廃棄物は破砕機や粉砕機1にかけられ、1.5mm
以下の大きさに粉砕される。粉砕の程度は焼却炉2の能
力により決められるものである。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1, first, radioactive graphite waste is subjected to a crusher or a crusher 1 . 5mm
Crushed to the following size. The degree of pulverization is determined by the capacity of the incinerator 2.

【0007】粉砕された放射性グラファイト廃棄物はス
クリューフィーダ3により焼却炉2に投入され焼却され
る。実施例の焼却炉2は循環流動床炉であり、O2濃度を
28〜32%程度まで富化した燃焼用空気を吹き込み、燃焼
性の悪いグラファイトの燃焼性を高めることが好まし
い。燃焼用空気のO2濃度を富化しない場合には、燃焼時
間が長くなり、また不完全燃焼するグラファイトも残る
こととなる。逆に、O2濃度をこれよりも高くすれば設備
コストも高く、経済的ではなくなる。なお燃焼温度は80
0 〜1200℃とし、C-14、H-3 を含有するグラファイトを
完全にCO2 、H2Oに変化させる。燃焼温度が800 ℃より
も低いとグラファイトの不完全燃焼が生じたり長い処理
時間が必要となり、1200℃よりも高いと焼却炉耐火物の
損傷が生じ易くなる。
The pulverized radioactive graphite waste is put into the incinerator 2 by the screw feeder 3 and incinerated. Incinerator 2 examples are circulating fluidized bed reactor, the O 2 concentration
It is preferable to blow combustion air enriched to about 28 to 32% to enhance the flammability of graphite having poor flammability. If the O 2 concentration of the combustion air is not enriched, the combustion time will be prolonged, and graphite that will undergo incomplete combustion will remain. Conversely, if the O 2 concentration is higher than this, the equipment cost will be high and it will not be economical. The combustion temperature is 80
The temperature is set to 0 to 1200 ° C., and the graphite containing C-14 and H-3 is completely changed into CO 2 and H 2 O. If the combustion temperature is lower than 800 ° C, incomplete combustion of graphite occurs or a long processing time is required. If the combustion temperature is higher than 1200 ° C, damage to the incinerator refractory is likely to occur.

【0008】燃焼ガスはサイクロン4に導かれて未燃焼
のグラファイト粒子とガス成分とに分離し、未燃焼のグ
ラファイト粒子は再び焼却炉2に戻して燃焼させる。ま
た粒径の細かい残渣(焼却灰)はサイクロン4を通過す
るが、次のセラミックフィルタ5によって完全にガスと
分離される。燃料棒のスリーブや炉心の黒鉛ブロックに
は夾雑物が1%未満の高純度のグラファイトが使用され
ているので、残渣の発生量はごくわずかであり、しかも
残渣中にはC-14、H-3 が全く含まれない。このためにセ
ラミックフィルタ5によって分離された残渣は埋設処分
上の制約は少なく、従来法によるセメント固化やプラス
チック固化が可能である。
The combustion gas is guided to the cyclone 4 and is separated into unburned graphite particles and gas components. The unburned graphite particles are returned to the incinerator 2 and burned. The fine residue (incineration ash) passes through the cyclone 4, but is completely separated from the gas by the next ceramic filter 5. Since high-purity graphite with less than 1% impurities is used for the fuel rod sleeve and the graphite block of the reactor core, the amount of generated residues is extremely small, and C-14 and H- 3 is not included at all. For this reason, the residue separated by the ceramic filter 5 has few restrictions on burial disposal, and cement and plastic can be solidified by a conventional method.

【0009】一方、セラミックフィルタ5によって分離
されたCO2 、H2O を含有するガスはHEPAフィルタ6を通
したうえ、CO2 吸収塔7により、CO2 およびH2O を除去
される。この結果C-14およびH-3 も同時に除去される。
このようにしてCO2 、H2O を除去された後の排ガスは排
ガスブロワ8を介してスタック9から大気中へ放出され
る。また、CO2 吸収塔7により除去されたC-14、H-3 を
含むCO2 、H2O 等はセメント固化処理される。
On the other hand, the gas containing CO 2 and H 2 O separated by the ceramic filter 5 passes through a HEPA filter 6, and then CO 2 and H 2 O are removed by a CO 2 absorption tower 7. As a result, C-14 and H-3 are simultaneously removed.
The exhaust gas from which CO 2 and H 2 O have been thus removed is discharged from the stack 9 to the atmosphere via the exhaust gas blower 8. Moreover, CO 2, H 2 O or the like including a C-14, H-3, which is removed by the CO 2 absorber 7 are cement solidification.

【0010】このように、本発明の方法によればC-14、
H-3 はガス状態となり単独で容易に回収が可能である。
またこれらは単独で回収されるために減容効果が大き
く、セメント固化処理すれば将来の処理、処分への対応
が容易となる。
[0010] Thus, according to the method of the present invention, C-14,
H-3 is in a gaseous state and can be easily recovered alone.
In addition, since these are collected alone, the effect of reducing the volume is great, and if the cement is solidified, it will be easier to handle future treatment and disposal.

【0011】なお、CO2 吸収の方法には物理的吸着法や
化学的吸着法をはじめ各種の方法があるが、CO2 、H2O
を燃焼ガス中から確実に分離除去することができる方法
であれば、任意の方法を取ることができる。また本発明
の処理対象となる放射性グラファイト廃棄物は必ずしも
燃料棒のスリーブに限定されるものではなく、原子炉に
おいて使用されるその他のグラファイト質の廃棄物につ
いても同様に処理できることはいうまでもないことであ
る。
There are various methods for CO 2 absorption such as a physical adsorption method and a chemical adsorption method, but CO 2 and H 2 O
Any method can be used as long as it can surely separate and remove from the combustion gas. The radioactive graphite waste to be treated in the present invention is not necessarily limited to the fuel rod sleeve, and it goes without saying that other graphite waste used in the nuclear reactor can be treated similarly. That is.

【0012】[0012]

【発明の効果】以上に説明したように、本発明の放射性
グラファイト廃棄物の処理方法によれば、そのままでは
埋設処分できない放射性グラファイト廃棄物を粉砕し、
焼却することにより、C-14、H-3 をCO2 、H2O として回
収するとともに、残渣を固型化するようにしたので、大
幅な減容が可能であり、かつ残渣やC-14、H-3 を含む回
収物はセメント固化により容易に処理することが可能で
ある。よって本発明によれば従来のように放射性グラフ
ァイト廃棄物をそのまま保管しておく必要がなく、産業
の発展に寄与するところは極めて大きいものである。
As described above, according to the method for treating radioactive graphite waste of the present invention, radioactive graphite waste that cannot be buried and disposed of as it is,
By incineration, C-14 and H-3 are recovered as CO 2 and H 2 O, and the residue is solidified, so that the volume can be significantly reduced, and the residue and C-14 And H-3 can be easily treated by cement solidification. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to store radioactive graphite waste as it is conventionally, and it greatly contributes to industrial development.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の実施例を示すフローシートである。FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing an embodiment of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 破砕機、粉砕機 2 焼却炉 3 スクリューフィーダ 4 サイクロン 5 セラミックフィルタ 6 HEPAフィルタ 7 CO2 吸収塔 8 排気ブロワ 9 スタック1 crusher, pulverizer 2 incinerator 3 screw feeder 4 cyclone 5 ceramic filter 6 HEPA filter 7 CO 2 absorption tower 8 exhaust blower 9 Stack

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】放射性グラファイト廃棄物を1.5mm以
下の大きさに粉砕し、 2 濃度を28〜32%に富化し
た燃焼用空気を吹き込み800〜1200℃に加熱した
循環流動床炉で焼却することによりC−14、H−3を
CO2 、H2 Oとしてガス化し、このCO 2 、H 2 Oを
CO 2 吸収塔により同時に除去して回収した後セメント
固化処理するとともに、C−14、H−3を含まない
渣を固型化することを特徴とする放射性グラファイト廃
棄物の処理方法。
Claims: 1. A radioactive graphite waste of 1.5 mm or less.
It was ground to a size below enriched O 2 concentration from 28 to 32%
And then heated to 800 to 1200 ° C.
C-14 and H-3 are gasified as CO 2 and H 2 O by incineration in a circulating fluidized bed furnace , and the CO 2 and H 2 O are
Cement after simultaneous removal and recovery by CO 2 absorption tower
A method for treating radioactive graphite waste, comprising solidifying and solidifying a residue containing no C-14 or H-3 .
JP4244816A 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 How to treat radioactive graphite waste Expired - Fee Related JP3043185B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4244816A JP3043185B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 How to treat radioactive graphite waste

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4244816A JP3043185B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 How to treat radioactive graphite waste

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0694896A JPH0694896A (en) 1994-04-08
JP3043185B2 true JP3043185B2 (en) 2000-05-22

Family

ID=17124383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4244816A Expired - Fee Related JP3043185B2 (en) 1992-09-14 1992-09-14 How to treat radioactive graphite waste

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3043185B2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US8192920B2 (en) 2008-04-26 2012-06-05 Rolith Inc. Lithography method
US8425789B2 (en) 2007-06-09 2013-04-23 Rolith, Inc. Method and apparatus for anisotropic etching
US8518633B2 (en) 2008-01-22 2013-08-27 Rolith Inc. Large area nanopatterning method and apparatus
US9069244B2 (en) 2010-08-23 2015-06-30 Rolith, Inc. Mask for near-field lithography and fabrication the same
RU2792291C1 (en) * 2022-07-26 2023-03-21 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" Method for cleaning reactor graphite from impurities

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JP3844327B2 (en) * 1999-07-23 2006-11-08 日本碍子株式会社 Method and apparatus for processing radioactive graphite
KR101102438B1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2012-01-05 (주)한국원자력 엔지니어링 System for treatment of waste resin
US9368241B2 (en) * 2012-06-29 2016-06-14 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc System and method for processing and storing post-accident coolant
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CN106024088B (en) * 2016-05-23 2017-11-14 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 A kind of liquid phase oxidation digestion procedure of radioactive pollution carbon material
RU2660169C1 (en) * 2017-08-24 2018-07-05 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Горно - Химический Комбинат" (Фгуп "Гхк") Method of removal of carbon-14 from reactor graphite
CN107940468A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-04-20 江西正拓新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of waste recovery systems of graphite cathode material
CN108361713B (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-07-30 青岛天和清原科技有限公司 A kind of middle low-level waste hot chemical treatment method
CN113393952A (en) * 2021-05-27 2021-09-14 中国辐射防护研究院 Fluidized bed reactor for treating radioactive waste graphite

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8425789B2 (en) 2007-06-09 2013-04-23 Rolith, Inc. Method and apparatus for anisotropic etching
US8518633B2 (en) 2008-01-22 2013-08-27 Rolith Inc. Large area nanopatterning method and apparatus
US9645504B2 (en) 2008-01-22 2017-05-09 Metamaterial Technologies Usa, Inc. Large area nanopatterning method and apparatus
US8192920B2 (en) 2008-04-26 2012-06-05 Rolith Inc. Lithography method
US9069244B2 (en) 2010-08-23 2015-06-30 Rolith, Inc. Mask for near-field lithography and fabrication the same
RU2792291C1 (en) * 2022-07-26 2023-03-21 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" Method for cleaning reactor graphite from impurities

Also Published As

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