JP3040371B2 - Heat exchange device and device using the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure for efficiently transferring heat energy from a high-temperature medium to a low-temperature medium (or vice versa). According to the classification by target, heaters, coolers (radiators), condensers, evaporators,
It can be used for boilers and nuclear reactors. In addition, in consumer devices, it can be used for instantaneous water heaters, bath heaters, and the like. In addition, the present invention has an excellent pressure resistance because of its integral structure, and can be used for heating a fluid in a high pressure state.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a device for transferring heat energy from a high-temperature medium to a low-temperature medium (or vice versa) is called a heat exchanger. The internal structure of the heat exchange element includes a shell and tube type, a double tube type, a coil type, a spiral type, and a plate type. The classification based on the flow method includes a parallel flow type, a counter current type, a cross flow type, a mixed type, and a multi-pass type.

[0003]

In the case of a conventional bulkhead type heat exchanger, the total heat transfer amount is represented by the product of the total heat transfer area, the effective temperature difference, and the heat transfer rate. To transfer more heat energy from the high-temperature source to the low-temperature secondary medium, increase the heat transfer area and the temperature difference if the heat transfer performance (heat transfer rate, etc.) and the heat capacity ratio of the heat medium are the same. There is a way to do it.

[0004] However, when the heat transfer area is restricted, a large temperature difference is generally required to obtain a required total heat transfer amount. However, a large temperature difference must be obtained. As a result, a large temperature gradient occurs in the secondary medium, and when the secondary medium is heated to a desired temperature, the amount of the secondary medium flowing in the vicinity of the wall becomes excessively heated, and there is a problem that the composition changes during heat exchange. Conversely, when the temperature difference is restricted, there is a problem that the heat transfer area has to be increased and the size of the apparatus is inevitably increased.

Further, in the conventional configuration, since the heat exchange element is formed by a thin tube or a thin plate in order to increase the heat transfer area, there is a problem that the pressure difference between the heat mediums cannot be increased. When the heat exchange element is formed in a complicated shape in order to increase the heat transfer area, there is a problem that heat transfer performance is deteriorated with time due to adhesion of scale or scale having poor heat conductivity.

In the conventional configuration, the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path does not match the temperature of the heat exchange element, and if the temperature of the fluid is controlled based on the temperature of the heat exchange element, the temperature of the fluid can be accurately determined. Can't control.

As a specific problem, when a fluid is to be continuously heated (cooled) by using a conventional heat exchanger,
Temperature distribution tends to occur in the pipe radial direction, for example, hydrocarbon mixtures of multi-boiling components such as gasoline and engine lubricating oils,
Alternatively, there is a problem that a low thermal conductive fluid such as a polymer adhesive causes a change in composition.
When heating dangerous fluids such as methane and alcohol, there is a danger of explosion.

As another specific problem, the toxicity of dioxin contained in incinerated ash discharged from general waste incineration facilities has become a social problem. However, since this dioxin has a stable molecular structure, it is decomposed. It is difficult, and the conventional technology using ultraviolet rays or microorganisms has problems in economical efficiency, processing time, decomposition rate, and the like.

However, it is known that dioxin can be easily decomposed by using supercritical water which can decompose all organic substances. That is, in supercritical water, high-speed molecules as high as high-temperature steam collide with dioxin at a high density comparable to liquid water, so that dioxin having a stable molecular structure is also decomposed in a short time.

In order to produce this supercritical water, 374
It is necessary to obtain an ultra-high-temperature and high-pressure state at or above a critical condition of 218 ° C. or higher, and it is required to achieve this with high energy efficiency from the viewpoint of energy saving.

Another specific problem is that in a conventional bath heater, when additional cooking is performed, hot water in the bath is guided to a heat exchanger and heated by a gas burner or the like, so that scale is formed on the inner wall of the heat exchanger. Adhering and unsanitary. In addition, with long-term use, scale is fixed on the inner wall of the heat exchanger, and when the scale becomes large, heat transfer performance is deteriorated with time, and energy efficiency is reduced.

Further, another specific object is a pressure gauge which is connected to a pipe wall of a pipe through which a high-temperature fluid flows substantially perpendicularly to a pipe axis of the flow path and measures the pressure of the fluid. ,
If the pressure wave of the high-temperature fluid propagates directly to the measuring section of the pressure gauge, an error occurs in the measured value, or in the worst case, the measurement becomes impossible.

[0013] An object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchange element and its application device which can solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional technology by greatly improving the heat transfer performance of thermal energy as compared with the conventional technology. To provide.

[0014]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a metal element having a flow path, and a heating means or a cooling means attached to an outer peripheral portion of the metal element. Alternatively, in a heat exchange device that heats or cools a fluid flowing through the flow path by a cooling means, a vortex flow is generated in the fluid flowing through the flow path in the metal element to destroy a temperature boundary layer of the fluid in the flow path. And a large number of inner surfaces for spiral diffusion are formed in a substantially spiral shape
It is characterized in that a flow path composed of a thin tube is formed.

According to the present invention, the metal element includes:
A number of pores penetrate, and a fluid to be heated (or cooled) flows. On the other hand, heat energy from a heat source of a heating means or a cooling means attached to an outer peripheral portion of the metal element moves to the metal element by heat conduction.
Supplying positive thermal energy from an external heat source heats the fluid, and supplying negative thermal energy cools the fluid.

A fluid having a large heat capacity can be arbitrarily selected as the heat medium, and a metal having excellent thermal conductivity such as a copper alloy or an aluminum alloy is selected as the material of the metal element. The efficiency of heat conduction from an external heat source to the metal element can be sufficiently increased.

The metal element has a large number of substantially helical thin tubes penetrating in the direction of the flow path. Then, the Reynolds number of the fluid to be heated (or cooled) flowing in the thin tube is increased, and a vortex is generated.

The transfer of thermal energy between the inner wall of the thin tube and the fluid to be heated (or cooled) is governed by the heat transfer between the solid wall and the fluid. In addition, not only the velocity boundary layer but also the temperature boundary layer are destroyed, and both boundary layers change from a laminar state to a turbulent state.

Generally, the turbulent heat transfer coefficient is more than two orders of magnitude larger than the laminar heat transfer coefficient.
Extremely high heat transfer performance is obtained compared to laminar heat transfer configurations such as tube, double tube, coil, spiral, and plate types, making it easier to heat (or cool) fluids. Heat energy is transferred.

Further, the thermal energy transferred from the inner wall of the thin tube to the target fluid is diffused by the vortex of the target fluid and moves in the radial direction, so that the temperature of the target fluid is made uniform. As a result, it becomes possible to uniformly heat (or cool) the entire target fluid to a desired temperature with a minimum necessary total heat transfer amount.

The metal element through which the target fluid flows may be a copper alloy or an aluminum alloy (ideally,
If it is formed of a rigid structure such as silver or a silver-based alloy having the highest thermal conductivity), the pressure difference with the heat medium can be increased, and the heat transfer performance is extremely excellent. Therefore, it is not necessary to configure the heat exchange element with a complicated shape.

In a conventional heat exchanger, when a fluid is to be continuously heated (cooled), a temperature distribution is apt to occur in the radial direction of the pipe, for example, a hydrocarbon mixture of a multi-boiling component such as gasoline or an engine lubricating oil. In the case of a low heat conductive fluid such as a polymer adhesive or the like, there is a problem that a composition change occurs.

According to the present invention, it is possible to safely heat a dangerous fluid such as hydrogen, methane, or alcohol to a desired temperature.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a metal element having a flow path, and a heating means or a cooling means attached to an outer peripheral portion of the metal element. In the heat exchange device for heating or cooling the fluid flowing through the passage, the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow passage and the temperature of the metal element are set to be substantially equal to each other during the operation of the heat exchange device. A large number of inner surfaces are formed into a flow path formed of a thin tube having a substantially spiral shape.

According to the present invention, during the operation of the heat exchange device, the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path of the metal element becomes substantially equal to the temperature of the metal element.

With this configuration, when controlling the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path of the metal element, for example, the temperature of the metal element is detected, and the feedback control is performed in accordance with the detected temperature. It is possible to accurately control the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path of the element.

The third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect.
In the above-mentioned item, a high-compression means for highly compressing water is connected to the flow path of the metal element, and the highly-compressed water is guided to the flow path of the metal element to generate supercritical water. It is characterized by obtaining a very high pressure and high temperature state.

According to the present invention, by connecting the fluid heater having the extremely high heat exchange efficiency recited in the claims to a radial plunger pump having an extremely high discharge pressure, for example, the supercritical water can be generated. 374 ° C or more required, 218
It is possible to obtain an ultra-high-temperature and high-pressure state at or above the atmospheric pressure with high energy efficiency.

Further, by using this simple apparatus for producing supercritical water, dioxin can be almost completely decomposed in a short time with little energy consumption.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a metal element which is provided in a bathtub and has a flow path, and is connected to the flow path of the metal element by closed pipes of a going pipe and a return pipe. A heating device provided outside the bathtub, wherein the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow passage during the operation of the device and the temperature of the metal element are substantially equal to each other. A large number of inner surfaces set as described above form a flow path composed of a thin tube formed in a substantially spiral shape.

According to the present invention, even in the case of post-cooking, the heat medium heated to a high temperature by the fluid heater provided outside the bathtub is guided to the metal element provided inside the bathtub by the circulation pump. It works even without a circulation pump), indirectly boiling the water in the bathtub. For this reason, the problem that the scale is fixed to the inner wall of the heat exchanger due to the long-term use, the scale becomes a scale, the heat transfer performance is deteriorated with time, and the energy efficiency is reduced is solved.

Further, since the heat transfer efficiency of the metal element is extremely excellent, the ratio of the surface area by the heat exchange outer diameter φD with water in the bathtub to the surface area of n small tubes having the flow path inner diameter φd, “ D / nd ”can be designed freely, etc.
Since the element surface in the bathtub is smooth, there is no generation of scale.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pressure gauge device which is connected to a pipe wall of a pipe through which a high-temperature fluid flows substantially perpendicularly to a pipe axis of the pipe, and measures the pressure of the fluid. A metal element having a flow path is provided between the measuring section of the pressure gauge and the pipeline, and the metal element has a large number of elements that can perform pressure measurement without being affected by a thermal shock. It is characterized in that a flow path composed of a thin tube whose inner surface is formed in a substantially spiral shape is formed .

According to the present invention, the pressure wave of the high-temperature fluid is directly applied to the measuring section of the pressure gauge by interposing the metal element according to the above-mentioned claim between the measuring section of the pressure gauge and the pipe. Therefore, accurate pressure measurement can be performed without being affected by thermal shock.

[0035]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchange device according to the present embodiment has a large number of substantially spiral thin tubes 10 penetrating in the axial direction.
7, and connecting tools 102, 1 connected to the entrance of the metal element 101.
And a heating means (cooling means) 104 attached to the outer peripheral portion of the metal element 101.

The heating means 104 is provided with a metal cylinder 105 outside the metal element 101.
05, the connection tools 102 and 103, and the fixing tool 106, thereby welding the cylindrical body 105 and the metal element 10
A connecting pipe 1 and a returning pipe 108 of the heat medium tank are connected to the annular space between the two.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the metal element 101 in the radial direction. The metal element 101 has a large number of substantially spiral thin tubes 107 having a diameter of 10 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less penetrating in the axial direction.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the thin tube 107.
Since the inner surface of the thin tube 107 is formed in a spiral shape, a vortex (separation flow) as shown by an arrow a in FIG. 3 is formed in the fluid flowing in the thin tube 107.

When the metal element 101 is manufactured, for example, a low-melting first wire is used as a core, and another high-melting second wire is wound around the first wire. Placed in the first wire is melted, but the second wire is heated in a temperature zone that does not melt, thereby melting the first wire and sealing the gap between the windings of the second wire,
A substantially spiral thin tube 107 as shown in FIG. 3 is formed.

Next, the operation of the metal element will be described. The fluid to be heated (cooled) is supplied to the metal element 1
The heat medium flows into the heat exchanger 104 through the outgoing pipe 107 of the heat exchanger 104. From the viewpoint of heat transfer engineering, it is desirable to select the direction of the flow so that both faces each other.

The heating medium having a temperature sufficiently higher than the temperature of the fluid flowing through the thin tube 107 of the metal element 101 is heated.
04, the heating means 104 acts as a heater,
The fluid exchanges heat with the heat medium while flowing through the thin tube 107 of the metal element 101, and flows out in a heated state.

A large number of the small tubes 107 penetrate through the metal element 101 as described above. The flow passage area of the small tube 107 is extremely small, and the small tube 107 penetrates substantially spirally in the axial direction. As shown in FIG. 3, a vortex is generated in the flowing fluid, and when the fluid flows as a vortex in the narrow tube 107, heat is substantially uniformly transferred inside the fluid, so that the fluid can be easily brought to a desired temperature. Can be heated.

In the conventional configuration, there is a problem that the fluid flowing near the outer periphery of the flow path is overheated and the composition of the fluid is changed. In this embodiment, however, this problem is solved. The fluid can be applied to gasoline or engine lubricating oil composed of multi-boiling components, or a low heat conductive fluid such as an adhesive, or a dangerous fluid such as hydrogen, methane, or alcohol.

In this embodiment, the metal element 10
1, a large number of small tubes 107 penetrate, and the flow passage area of the small tubes 107 is extremely small and penetrates in a substantially spiral shape in the axial direction.
The temperature of the fluid flowing through one thin tube 107 and the temperature of the metal element 101 become substantially equal.

With this configuration, the metal element 10
When controlling the temperature of the fluid flowing through the first flow path, for example, by detecting the temperature of the metal element 101 itself and performing feedback control according to the detected temperature, the fluid flowing through the flow path of the metal element 101 is controlled. Temperature can be controlled accurately.

Further, the heat medium sufficiently lower in temperature than the temperature of the fluid flowing in the metal element 101 is cooled.
The cooling means 104 acts as a cooler,
The fluid exchanges heat with the heat medium while flowing through the thin tube 107 of the metal element 101, and flows out in a cooled state.

In the case of cooling, the fluid can be uniformly cooled to a desired temperature by the same operation as the case of heating.

Next, another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 4A shows a heat exchange device according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4 a, the heat exchange device includes a metal element 201, connectors 202 and 203 connected to the entrance and exit of the metal element 201, and a metal fitting on an outer peripheral portion of the metal element 201. Structure 204
And

As shown in FIG. 4B, a plurality of rod-shaped heaters 205 are provided inside the metal structure 204. A metal cylinder 207 is provided outside the metal structure 204 via a heat insulating material 206, and the cylinder 207 is
2, 203 and the fixture 208.

As shown in FIG. 4B, the metal structure 204 is a structure (embodiment) that can be divided in the axial direction and the radial direction, and a plurality of rod-shaped heating elements 205 are concentric with the metal element 201 in the axial direction. It is installed and fixed by the fastener 212.

The input terminal 209 of the rod-shaped heating element 205 is connected to the insulating terminal 211 fitted to the fixture 208 by a heat-resistant coated electric wire 210, so that electric energy of an external power supply can be supplied to the rod-shaped heating element 205. .

In this embodiment, the portion corresponding to the heating means in the metal element is replaced with a metal structure 204 in which a plurality of rod-shaped heating elements 205 are provided.

Next, the operation of the heat exchange device will be described.

The fluid to be heated is supplied to the metal element 20.
The fluid flows into the metal element 20 by flowing into the connecting member 202 connected to the inlet of
While flowing through one thin tube 201a, the heat energy of the rod-shaped heating body 205 is absorbed through the metal structure 204,
Elutes in a heated state.

Although the present embodiment is limited to the case of heating a fluid, it is possible to configure a small and highly portable heat exchange device that does not require a high-temperature heat medium.

It should be noted that excellent heating performance can be obtained, which is economical, that the metal element 201 has an integral structure and is excellent in rigidity, so that high-pressure fluid can be safely heated, and that heat can be almost uniformly transferred inside the fluid. Therefore, for example, as a fluid to be heated, it can be applied to gasoline or engine lubricating oil composed of multi-boiling components, a low heat conductive fluid such as an adhesive, or a dangerous fluid such as hydrogen, methane, or alcohol. Features such as are according to claim 1.

An embodiment for an "injection engine for automobiles" utilizing the above features will be described with reference to FIG.

A fuel 213 such as light oil or gasoline is supplied to a high-pressure injection pump 212. Then, the fuel 213 is raised to a predetermined pressure by the high-pressure injection pump 212 and passes through the metal element 214 according to the present embodiment.
It is supplied to the injection nozzle 216 and a cylinder (not shown)
Injected into.

It is difficult to raise the temperature in the tank because the fuel 213 such as light oil or gasoline is composed of various boiling components and is dangerous. On the other hand, since the engine does not like to change the original performance of the engine due to the attachment of the auxiliary device, it is a serious problem that the fuel flow path length is largely different due to heat exchange. Further, in the conventional heat exchange, since the surface heat is transferred, the temperature must be higher than the desired heating temperature in the heat transfer section, and the fuel must be denatured and the gum must be formed.

The metal element 214 according to the present embodiment
With the use of a high heat transfer efficiency, the fuel temperature can be easily increased to a desired temperature with a minimum flow path length without causing fuel denaturation or gum formation. is there. Moreover, because of the high pressure resistance performance, it is possible to mount a high-pressure injection line of a diesel engine or a direct injection gasoline engine in a cylinder.

FIG. 5 shows an example of this.
As a high-temperature heat source, heat is obtained from "exhaust gas, cooling water, and lubricating oil 215" which is originally discarded, energy is recovered, and atomization of the spray is achieved without high-pressure injection, resulting in combustion. The major feature is that we are also trying to improve

Next, an embodiment of a supercritical water producing apparatus and a dioxin treatment apparatus using the same will be described with reference to FIG.

First, an embodiment as a supercritical water producing apparatus will be described. High compression means (for example, a radial plunger pump 306) having a discharge pressure of 300 atm or more upstream of a heat exchange device (hereinafter, referred to as a fluid heater 307) having the same configuration as that described in each of the above embodiments. Is installed, and water is compressed to 300 atmospheres or more by the radial plunger pump 306, and the fluid heater 30 is
By heating to 400 ° C. or more by leading to 7, it is possible to achieve an ultra-high-temperature and high-pressure state of 374 ° C. or more and 218 atm or more, which is a condition for generating supercritical water.

That is, according to the present embodiment, supercritical water can be continuously produced economically by the excellent heat exchange efficiency of the fluid heater 301. Further, a relatively simple and small configuration is possible, and supercritical water can be continuously produced.

Next, an embodiment of a dioxin treatment apparatus using the supercritical water production apparatus will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, a water injection pipe 303 and an oxidant injection pipe 304 are attached to a stirring tank 301 provided with a stirrer 302 at the bottom, and the water and the oxidant are sufficiently mixed in the stirring tank 301. Is done.

As the oxidizing agent for accelerating the decomposition reaction, hydrogen peroxide solution or the like can be considered. The mixture of water and oxidizer
It is led to a high-pressure radial plunger pump 306 via a filter 305. The filter 205 is provided to prevent the solid matter from flowing into the radial plunger pump 306.

The mixture of water and oxidant is pumped by a radial plunger pump 306 and further heated by a fluid heater 307.

The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid thus generated is guided to a “treatment tank 311 filled with incineration ash 309”, and after the inside of the treatment tank 311 is filled with the liquid, the water is regulated by a pressure regulating valve 311. Controlled to critical pressure.

As a result, the inside of the processing tank 311 is maintained in a critical state. In addition, after the fluid heater 307, the pressure regulating valve 3
The flow path reaching 11 is heat-insulated. Alternatively, in order to promote the reaction after the processing tank 311,
In the flow path from to the pressure regulating valve 311, if necessary,
Reheating is performed by adding a fluid heater similar to the fluid heater 307. The mixture of water and the oxidizing agent for which the critical condition has been achieved inside the fluid heater 307 by the pressure control valve 310 flows through the check valve 308 into the treatment tank 311 previously filled with incineration ash 309. The check valve 30
Reference numeral 8 is provided to prevent the fluid in the processing tank 311 from flowing backward even when the radial plunger pump 306 stops during processing.

Processing tank 311 and fluid heater 307
Has a pressure resistance of 400 atm or more and a temperature of 500 ° C. or more, and all components including the check valve 308 and the pipe 312 are made of an acid-resistant material (for example, stainless steel). The treatment tank 311 has an inlet 31 for the incineration ash.
3. Treated incineration ash outlet 314, pressure control valve 31
An outgoing tubing fitting 315 is provided. A filter 316 and, if necessary, a fluid heater 307 are provided between the pressure control valve 310 and the processing tank. In the treatment tank 311, dioxin contained in the incineration ash 309 is completely decomposed in a short time by supercritical water, and is decomposed at a high decomposition rate into harmless substances such as water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride as products. You.

Although not shown in the figure, hydrogen chloride, which is a product, is subjected to sodium chloride (salt) by a neutralizer.
Next, the carbon dioxide is secondarily processed into methanol in a reformer. In addition, supercritical water easily decomposes organic compounds,
Since the inorganic compound cannot be decomposed, incinerated ash from which dioxin has been removed remains. The safe incinerated ash from which dioxin has been removed is burned into bricks or the like.

According to the present embodiment, supercritical water can be produced economically by the excellent heat exchange efficiency of the fluid heater 310, and by utilizing this, economical efficiency, processing time and decomposition rate can be reduced as compared with the prior art. Thus, it is possible to configure a dioxin processing apparatus that is excellent in such points.

The dioxin treatment apparatus using supercritical water according to the present embodiment is a closed system,
In addition, since water that is harmless to the environment is used, there is no risk of secondary pollution.

Next, an embodiment of the pressure gauge will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 7, the pipe 4 through which the high-temperature fluid flows
The metal cooling holder 402 is helically joined to the tube wall 401a of No. 01 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the tube axis. A metal element 403 substantially similar to that of the above-described embodiment is fitted to the bottom of the metal cooling holder 402, and a pressure gauge 404 is mounted on the top of the metal cooling holder 402 via an extremely thin heat-resistant gasket 405a. Note that reference numeral 404a is a measuring unit of the pressure gauge.

The pressure gauge 404 is further helically fixed via a very thin heat-resistant gasket 405a by a holding tool 407 having a hole 407a for leading a signal line 406 of the pressure gauge 404. The metal cooling holder 402, the metal element 403 and the pressure gauge 404 are coaxial and have ring-shaped gaps 408a and 408 for flowing cooling water.
8b.

Above the metal cooling holder 402, there are an inlet 409 and an outlet 410 for the cooling water.
A through-hole 411 extending from the gap 408a to the outer periphery of the metal element 403 through the through-hole 411 reaching the gap 408a formed at the outer periphery of the pressure gauge 404, and a gap 408a from the gap 408b further extending from the gap 408a. , And through holes 413 and 414 reaching the outlet 410.

That is, the cooling water flows into the gap 408a from the inlet 409, cools the pressure gauge, and further cools the pressure gauge.
Cools the metal element 403 through the outlet 41
It is discharged from 0.

In this embodiment, even if the fluid flowing through the pipe 401 is much higher than the rated temperature of the pressure gauge, the pressure gauge 4
The pressure of the fluid to be measured acts on the measuring unit 404a of the 04 via the water-cooled metal element 403.

Since the heat exchange efficiency of the metal element 403 is extremely excellent, the thermal shock wave of the fluid
4 does not directly propagate to the measuring unit 404a, and a measurement error such as a temperature drift in the pressure gauge 404 is eliminated, or a problem that measurement becomes impossible is improved.

Next, an embodiment of a bath heater will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, a circulating pump 506 (which functions even if not provided) is provided upstream of an entrance 502 a of a metal element 502 attached to a bathtub 501 via a going pipe 504. Outlet 503b.

On the other hand, the downstream of the outlet 502 b of the metal element 502 is connected to the inlet 503 a of the fluid heater 503 via a return pipe 505. A heat medium (water, ethylene glycol, or the like) having a large heat capacity is sealed in the closed conduit system constituted by these components, and is forcedly circulated by the circulation pump 506.

A water temperature detector 507 is additionally provided in the bathtub, and the controller 508 determines whether the water temperature in the bathtub has reached a desired temperature.

When the controller 508 determines that the water temperature in the bath tub has not reached the desired temperature, the controller
Is operated, and power is supplied to the plurality of rod-shaped heating bodies 509 provided in the fluid heater 503. The heat medium passing through the inside of the fluid heater 503 absorbs the heat energy supplied by the rod-shaped heating element 509 with high efficiency, becomes high temperature, and flows into the metal element 502 provided inside the bathtub 501. Since the metal element 502 is in the water in the cold tub, the thermal energy of the heat transfer from the metal element 502 to the water in the tub.

The metal element 502 is composed of a number of substantially spiral thin tubes set so that the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow passage during the operation of the heat exchange device and the temperature of the metal element 502 are substantially equal. A flow path is formed, and according to this, the thermal energy supplied by the rod-shaped heating element 509 can be transferred from the metal element 502 to the water in the bathtub with high efficiency.

When the control device 508 determines that the water temperature in the bath tub has reached the desired temperature, it sounds the buzzer 508a, stops the operation of the circulating pump 506, and controls the plurality of fluid heaters 503 installed in the fluid heater 503. Rod-shaped heating element 5
09 is cut off.

By the above operation, the water in the bathtub is heated to a temperature suitable for bathing and maintained at a desired temperature. As is clear from the above embodiment, in the present invention, the water is provided outside the bathtub. The heat medium heated to a high temperature by the fluid heater 503 is guided to the metal element 502 attached to the bathtub by the circulation pump 506, and the water in the bathtub is indirectly boiled. .

Further, as in a conventional bath heater in which the hot water in the bathtub is directly led to the heat exchanger, the scale is formed on the inner wall of the heat exchanger over a long period of use, and the heat transfer performance deteriorates with time. And energy efficiency is not reduced.

Further, since the metal element 502 provided in the bathtub has extremely excellent heat exchange efficiency, it is not only economical, but also does not need to have a complicated shape to increase the heat transfer area, and has a smooth surface. Since it can be left as it is, daily maintenance is extremely easy.

Although the present invention has been described based on one embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and “heating” can be replaced with “cooling”, and the heating means can be replaced by an electric heater other than an electric heater. Modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such as replacement with other means.

[0094]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a large number of through-holes having extremely small cross-sectional areas are provided in the metal element, and are penetrated substantially spirally in the axial direction. By increasing the Reynolds number of the medium flowing in the hole, generating a vortex, and performing turbulent heat transfer, extremely high heat transfer performance can be obtained as compared with the conventional method.

Further, the thermal energy transferred from the inner wall of the pores to the medium is diffused by the eddy current of the medium and also moves in the radial direction of the medium. The heat transfer amount makes it possible to uniformly heat (or cool) the entire medium to a desired temperature.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, during the operation of the heat exchange device, the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path of the metal element becomes substantially equal to the temperature of the metal element.

With this configuration, when controlling the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path of the metal element, for example, the temperature of the metal element is detected, and feedback control is performed in accordance with the detected temperature. It is possible to accurately control the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path of the element.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the supercritical water is provided by connecting the fluid heater having the extremely high heat exchange efficiency recited in the above claim to, for example, a radial plunger pump having an extremely high discharge pressure. An ultra-high temperature and high pressure state of 374 ° C. or more and 218 atm or more required for the production of methane can be obtained with high energy efficiency.

Furthermore, the use of this simple apparatus for producing supercritical water makes it possible to almost completely decompose dioxin in a short time with little energy consumption.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, even in the case of additional cooking, the heat medium heated by the fluid heater provided outside the bathtub is guided to the metal element provided inside the bathtub by the circulation pump (basic). The arrangement works without the provision of a circulation pump), indirectly boiling the water in the bathtub. For this reason, the problem that the scale is fixed to the inner wall of the heat exchanger due to the long-term use, the scale becomes a scale, the heat transfer performance is deteriorated with time, and the energy efficiency is reduced is solved.

Moreover, since the heat transfer efficiency of the metal element is extremely excellent, the ratio of the surface area by the heat exchange outer diameter φD with water in the bathtub to the surface area of n small tubes having the flow path inner diameter φd, “ D / nd ”can be designed freely, etc.
Since the element surface in the bathtub is smooth, there is no generation of scale.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the pressure wave of the high-temperature fluid is directly generated by interposing the metal element according to the above-mentioned aspect between the measuring section of the pressure gauge and the pipeline. Will not propagate to the measurement section
Accurate pressure measurement is possible without being affected by thermal shock.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a heat exchange device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a thin tube.

FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment, and FIG.
It is B sectional drawing.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment of an injection fuel atomization device using a heat exchange device for an automobile engine.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of a supercritical water production device and a dioxin treatment device using the same.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a pressure gauge.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of a bath heater.

[Explanation of symbols]

 101, 201 Metal element 104, 204 Heating means (cooling means) 107, 201a Thin tube 212 High-pressure injection pump 214 Metal element 216 Injection nozzle 307 Heat exchanger (fluid heater) 306 High compression means (radial plunger pump) 307 Fluid heater 402 Metal cooling holder 404 Pressure gauge 404a Measuring unit 501 Bathtub 502 Metal element 506 Circulation pump

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F28D 7/10 F28D 21/00 F28F 1/40 F28F 13/12

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A metal element having a flow path, and a heating means or a cooling means attached to an outer peripheral portion of the metal element, wherein a fluid flowing through the flow path is heated or cooled by the heating means or the cooling means. In the heat exchange device for cooling, a large number of inner surfaces for generating a vortex flow in the fluid flowing through the flow path to destroy the temperature boundary layer of the fluid in the flow path and to diffuse the vortex in the metal element are substantially spiral. Formed into a shape
A heat exchange device characterized in that a flow path composed of a thin tube is formed. 2. A metal element having a flow path, and a heating means or a cooling means attached to an outer peripheral portion of the metal element, wherein a fluid flowing through the flow path is heated or cooled by the heating means or the cooling means. In the heat exchange device for cooling, the metal element has a large number of inner surfaces set so that the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path and the temperature of the metal element during operation of the heat exchange device are substantially equal to each other. A heat exchange device wherein a flow path formed of a spirally formed thin tube is formed. 3. A high compression means for compressing water at a high pressure is connected to the flow path of the metal element, and the highly compressed water is led to the flow path of the metal element to generate supercritical water. The apparatus using the heat exchange device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an extremely high pressure and high temperature state is obtained. 4. A metal element provided in the bathtub and having a flow path, and connected to the flow path of the metal element by closed pipes of a going pipe and a return pipe, and being provided outside the bathtub. A heating device and a heating device, wherein the metal element has a number of elements set so that the temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow path and the temperature of the metal element during operation of the apparatus are substantially equal to each other. shape inner surface in generally helical
An apparatus characterized in that a flow path composed of a formed thin tube is formed. 5. A pressure gauge device which is connected to a pipe wall of a pipe through which a high-temperature fluid flows in a direction substantially perpendicular to a pipe axis of the pipe, and measures a pressure of the fluid, wherein the pressure gauge A metal element with a flow path between the measuring part and the pipeline is provided. This metal element has a large number of inner surfaces formed in a substantially spiral shape that enables pressure measurement without being affected by thermal shock. A flow path comprising a thin tube to be formed.