JP3039311B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument taking into account that even when a sounding body such as a string is struck at the same timing, the timing at which the tone is actually recognized as a musical tone differs depending on the pitch.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As is well known, in an acoustic piano, when a key is depressed, this movement is transmitted to a hammer via a string striking mechanism, whereby the hammer is rotated by inertia and applied to the key. Since the corresponding string is struck, in a normal playing style, there is a correlation between the speed at the time of pressing (key pressing speed) and the actual tone volume of the struck string. For this reason, in an electronic musical instrument having a keyboard, a key depression speed is detected, and the volume of a musical tone to be generated is controlled based on the detection result. Here, the key depression speed is detected by detecting a key position associated with the depression at a shallow position and a deep position, respectively, and measuring the time required between these positions when the key is depressed.

[0003] In general, such electronic musical instruments generally include:
It has a plurality of musical tone generating channels (tone synthesizing channels), is configured to receive simultaneous key presses by a plurality of keys on the keyboard and to produce a plurality of simultaneous sounds (pronounced in multiple sounds). However, since the tone synthesis channels are limited, for example, if all tone synthesis channels are sounding, the tone synthesis channel with the most attenuated progress of all tone synthesis channels is detected. It is necessary to execute a process of assigning a tone corresponding to a newly depressed key to the tone synthesis channel (a truncation process). For this reason, it takes time from when the key is pressed to when the sound is actually generated. In order to prevent this, in a conventional electronic musical instrument, a plurality of tone synthesis channels are prepared in advance in response to the detection of the key depression at a shallow position. (For example, see the description in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-161380).

[0004] Further, when the key pressing speed is different in the acoustic piano, the time required for turning the hammer is also different. For this reason, when the hammer passes through a certain point, the hammer striking timing naturally differs. Considering this for an electronic musical instrument, it is necessary to make the tone generation timing actually different according to the key-depression speed, when viewed from the point in time when the key passes through a deep position. Therefore, in a conventional electronic musical instrument, the time from when the key pressing speed is obtained to when the sound is actually started is calculated as:
The sound is produced at a timing corresponding to the operation of the keys of the acoustic piano by controlling so as to be shorter as the key pressing speed is higher (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-9).
No. 5676).

[0005]

Here, in an acoustic piano, a mechanism from the hammer striking to the actual recognition as a musical tone is considered.
The impact of the hammer striking is transmitted only from one end of the string, which is the striking point, to the other end, and only when vibrations having nodes at both ends are steadily formed, such vibrations are recognized as musical sounds. is there. Now, since the length of the string varies depending on the pitch, the time required for the impact of the hammer to be transmitted to the entire string also varies depending on the pitch. For this reason, if the pitch differs, even when the hammer striking timing is the same, the timing at which it is actually recognized as a musical tone is different. However, in the above-mentioned conventional electronic musical instruments, the key operation speed is taken into consideration, but the deviation of the musical tone recognition timing due to the difference in pitch is not taken into account. Strictly speaking, it could not be performed at the corresponding timing.

[0006] On the other hand, in an electronic musical instrument, there is a case where the sound should be generated not only by the keyboard operation but also by external information such as the MIDI standard. In such a case, the specified timbre is not always a piano sound, but may be, for example, a guitar sound. The guitar is
Although it is the same plucked instrument as the piano, the difference in the material of the strings and the difference in the plucking mechanism (piano is impacted by hammer, guitar is played by finger, etc.) At the same time, it is recognized as a musical tone, and the timing of recognizing the musical tone due to the difference in pitch does not shift as much as a piano. Further, the information from the outside may already compensate for a deviation in the timing of recognizing a musical tone due to a key pressing speed or a difference in pitch. Therefore, in an electronic musical instrument, the sounding timing must be appropriately controlled according to a designated tone color, a source of information, and the like. However, such control is not performed in the above-described conventional electronic musical instrument. In this sense, too, it was not possible to produce a sound at a timing corresponding to the key operation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has as its object to provide an electronic musical instrument that produces a tone at a timing corresponding to a pitch, a timbre, and a source of such information. It is in.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the first aspect of the present invention, pitch information indicating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and a sounding finger for instructing sound generation.
Generates indicates information, an electronic musical instrument to generate the musical tone signal based on these information, after detecting the sounding instruction information, actually comprises a delay means for delaying the time until to generate musical tones, the delay means The delay time in the sound
It is characterized in that the pitch is shortened as the pitch indicated by the high information increases . In the invention according to claim 2,
Pitch information indicating the pitch of a tone to be generated, tone information indicating the tone of the tone to be generated, and pronunciation instruction information for instructing sound generation are generated, and based on the information, musical tones of a plurality of tones are generated. an electronic musical instrument for generating a signal, after detecting the sounding instruction information, actually comprises a delay means for delaying the time until to generate musical tones, the delay time in said delay means, said pitch data and said Set according to the tone information
The delay time for at least one tone.
The pitch is shortened as the pitch indicated by the pitch information increases . According to the third aspect of the present invention, pitch information indicating the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and sound generation
Generates pronunciation instruction information that instructs
An electronic musical instrument for generating a musical tone signal by using
After detecting a delay, the time until the music is actually generated is delayed.
Delay means for delaying, and according to the source of the pronunciation instruction information
To determine whether or not to delay by the delay means.
If the determination result by the different means and the determination means is negative
For example, it is possible to prevent the delay means from delaying.
On the other hand, if the determination result is positive,
Control means for changing the delay time based on the pitch information . Claim 4
In the clear, pitch information indicating the pitch of the musical tone to be generated,
Tone information indicating the tone of the musical tone to be generated, and the pronunciation
Generates pronunciation information to indicate
In the electronic musical instrument that generates the signal, the pronunciation instruction information is detected.
After the sound is output, the time until the music is actually generated is delayed.
Delaying means, depending on the source of the pronunciation instruction information,
Determining means for determining whether or not to delay by the delay means
And if the result of the determination by the determination means is negative,
While the delay means does not delay,
If the determination result is affirmative, the delay at the delay means
Is changed by the pitch information and the timbre information.
And control means for causing

[0009]

According to the first aspect of the invention, even if there is sound generation instruction information, actual sound generation based on this information is performed with a delay time corresponding to the pitch information. Here, if the delay time is set to be shorter as the pitch is higher and longer as the pitch is lower, even if each string is struck at the same timing as seen in a plucked string instrument such as a piano, it is actually It is possible to imitate that the timing recognized as a musical tone differs depending on the pitch. Claim 2
According to the invention described in (1), even if there is sound generation instruction information, actual sound generation based on this information is performed with a delay time corresponding to the pitch information and the tone color information.
Here, if the delay time is set to be shorter for higher pitches and longer for lower pitches, it is set longer for pianos and relatively shorter for guitars so that each string is struck at the same timing. However, it is possible to imitate that the timing at which the tone is actually recognized as a tone differs depending on the pitch, and that the difference differs depending on the timbre. According to the third or fourth aspect of the present invention, the determining means determines whether or not to perform the delay based on the supply source of the sounding instruction information , and if the determination result is negative, the control means determines whether or not to perform the delay. it like the delay means is not performed. When the pronunciation instruction information is supplied not from the performance operation by the player but from an external device, or considering the difference in pronunciation due to the pitch, it is not necessary to delay by the delay means. However, whether or not this is the case can be determined by the source of the information to be instructed to sound.

[0010]

【Example】

1: Configuration of Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment according to the present invention. In this figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a CPU, which controls each unit via a bus. Reference numeral 20 denotes a ROM, which stores various programs used in the CPU 10 and a table (described later) of waiting times corresponding to pitches, timbres, and key pressing speeds. Reference numeral 30 denotes a RAM, which temporarily stores various registers and variables.

Reference numeral 40 denotes a keyboard composed of 88 keys.
Each key K is provided with a touch detection circuit 41, as shown in FIG. The touch detection circuit 41 includes switches 42 and 43 that are sequentially turned on when the key K is pressed.
From the state, the key pressing speed of the key K is detected. More specifically, when the key K is depressed, the switch 42 is turned on first, then the switch 43 is turned on, and the touch detection circuit 41
By measuring the time from when the switch 43 is turned on to when the switch 43 is turned on, the key pressing speed of the key is detected, and the information (note on ) Is supplied to the CPU 10 as key press information together with pitch information indicating the pitch of the key.

Reference numeral 50 denotes a tone color setting operator,
A tone color of a tone generated by a key-depressing operation to 0 or external information is set, and tone color information TC indicating the set tone color is supplied to the CPU 10. Reference numeral 60 denotes a tone synthesis circuit, which has a plurality of tone synthesis channels.
Under the above control, the above-described truncation processing is also performed to synthesize a musical tone. The musical sound signal is output to the outside by a sound system 70 including an amplifier, a speaker, and the like. Reference numeral 80 denotes a MIDI interface, which receives MIDI performance information supplied from the outside and supplies this information to the CPU 10.

2: Operation of Embodiment Next, the operation of the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2-1: Main Routine FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a main routine of this embodiment. First, when power is turned on in this embodiment, in step Sa1, various registers are cleared and initial settings such as initial value setting are performed. When this initial setting is completed, the following step S will be described.
The loop processing of a2 to Sa11 is repeatedly executed at a predetermined cycle (for example, every 1 msec) until the power is turned off.

First, in steps Sa2 and Sa3 of this loop processing, when an event of key depression is detected,
That is, when information indicating a sounding instruction is generated by the touch detection circuit 41 and the CPU 10 receives this information, in step Sa4, various data associated with the information and the input source (supply source) of the information are the keyboard 40. Is added to the sound generation buffer. Step S
If no key press event is detected in a2 and Sa3, the process directly skips to the next step Sa5.

Next, in steps Sa5 and Sa6, MIDI data is input, and when an event is detected in the MIDI data, in step Sa7, the data accompanying the event and the input source of this data are set to MID.
The data indicating that it is I is added to the sound generation buffer. Here, an example of the contents of the sound generation buffer is shown in FIG.
(A). As shown in this drawing, information indicating one event is stored in one row, divided into data indicating a timbre, a pitch, a volume, and an input source. In this example, both lines are information corresponding to a note-on event, and if the input source is the keyboard 40, data indicating the volume is synonymous with the key pressing speed detected by the touch detection circuit 41. Note that the note-off event information is information indicating that a tone generated by the note-on event information on which the note-off event information is based is muted. On the other hand, if no MIDI data event is detected in steps Sa5 and Sa6, the process directly skips to the next step Sa8.

If an event of the sound generation buffer is detected in step Sa8, that is, if the sound generation buffer is added in step Sa4 or Sa7 or deleted in step Sb7 described later, step Sa is executed.
At 9, a sound generation process described later is executed, and a time difference sound generation buffer is created based on the contents of the sound generation buffer. If no event is detected in the sound buffer, step Sa
Skip directly to 10. In step Sa10, a time difference sound generation process described later is executed, and a process for causing actual sound generation to be performed based on the contents of the time difference sound generation buffer (if the conditions are met).

When the time difference sound generation process is completed, in step Sa11, other processes, for example, a process of reading the setting state by the tone color setting operator 50, and a state of each unit in the current loop to detect each event are stored. And the like are executed. Then, when the other processes are completed, the process returns to step Sa2 again.

2-1-1: Sound Generation Processing Next, the sound generation processing performed in step Sa9 of the main routine will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the sound generation process.

First, in step Sb1, information registered in a sound generation buffer (see FIG. 6A) is fetched one line at a time from the top. Then, in step Sb2, it is determined whether or not the extracted information corresponds to a note-on event. If it does not correspond to a note-on event, the information indicates note-off, and note-off information is sent to the tone synthesis channel to which the corresponding note-on information is assigned in step Sb9. Thus, the generation of the musical sound by the musical sound synthesis channel is terminated. On the other hand, if the extracted information corresponds to the note-on event, in step Sb3, the corresponding timbre information, pitch information, and pitch information are registered in the time difference sound generation buffer. Here, FIG. 6B shows an example of the contents of the time difference sound generation buffer. As shown in this figure, information indicating one note-on event is stored in one row, divided into data indicating a timbre, a pitch, a volume, and a waiting time. Here, the data indicating the waiting time is decremented by "1" by the execution of the later-described time difference sound generation processing, and when the content becomes "0", the actual sound generation is permitted by the processing. Things.
Therefore, the content of the data indicating the waiting time indicates how long the loop process including steps Sa2 to Sa11 is executed and then the sound is generated based on the information. In this embodiment, since the execution cycle of the loop processing is set to "1 msec", the wait time data indicates the time in milliseconds until the actual sound is generated.

Next, in step Sb4, from the information indicating the input source among the information extracted from the sound generation buffer, it is determined whether or not the information is generated by the operation of the keyboard 40, that is, the information is detected by the touch detection. Circuit 4
It is determined whether 1 is obtained by detecting the actual key depression. If it is determined in step Sb4 that the extracted information is not input by the keyboard 40, the waiting time is set to "0" in step Sb10 in order to immediately execute sound generation based on the information.
Is set to Here, the case where the information is not inputted from the keyboard 40 corresponds to the case where the information is supplied from outside through the MIDI interface 80 or the like. In this case, it is conceivable that the information compensates for the difference in pronunciation timing caused by the pitch.
In the MIDI standard, since there is no information indicating the input source of the information, in this embodiment, the adjustment of the tone generation timing is not uniformly performed when data is supplied from the outside. . Therefore, the waiting time is set to “0” in step Sb10.

On the other hand, if it is determined that the information is inputted by the keyboard 40, the waiting time is set in the next step Sb5 so that the sound generation based on the information is basically delayed by the pitch. Is done. That is,
In step Sb5, the waiting time is set based on the timbre, pitch,
And the key pressing speed data. The waiting time in this table is set to be shorter as the pitch is higher and shorter as the key pressing speed is higher. In addition, the time range of the tone and the key pressing speed in the case of the piano is wide, and the range of the time is narrow in the case of the guitar, and the range is set in accordance with the individual characteristics of the tone. Note that the waiting time may be determined only by the pitch. This electronic musical instrument basically generates a piano sound in accordance with a key depression operation on the keyboard 40.
The reason is that the pitch and the key pressing speed are independent and independent.

Next, the waiting time set in step Sb5 or Sb10 is registered in the time difference sound generation buffer as a waiting time corresponding to the registered information (step Sb6). When the process of step Sb6 ends,
Alternatively, when the note-off processing in step Sb9 is completed, the information corresponding to the line in the sound generation buffer becomes unnecessary, and is deleted in step Sb7. Then, in step Sb8, it is determined whether or not there is unprocessed data in the tone generation buffer.
Returning to b1, the processing of steps Sb1 to Sb7 is similarly performed on the information of the next line in the sound generation buffer, while if there is no information, the sound generation processing ends.

As described above, in the sound generation processing, the contents of the sound generation buffer are set with the waiting time corresponding to the input source, and the other tone color information, pitch information and volume information are transferred to the time difference sound generation buffer as they are. A replacement process is performed. The actual sound generation process is executed by a time difference sound generation process described below.

2-1-2: Time difference sound generation process Next, the time difference sound generation process performed in step Sa10 of the main routine will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the time difference sound generation process.

First, when the time difference sound generation process is started, in step Sc1, information registered in the time difference sound generation buffer for one line is extracted from the top. And step S
In b2, it is determined whether or not the waiting time is “0” among the extracted information. If not "0",
Since it is not the timing to actually sound, step S
In b7, this waiting time is rewritten by subtracting "1", while "0" indicates that it is the timing to actually sound, so the following steps Sc3 to Sc3 are performed.
The process of Sc5 is executed. That is, the CPU 10
In step Sc3, a tone synthesis channel for generating a tone based on the information is set to a tone synthesis circuit 60.
Then, in step Sc4, note-on data indicating the timbre, pitch, volume, and actual tone corresponding to the extracted information is transmitted to the secured tone synthesis channel. Thus, if the extracted information is generated by the keyboard 40, the sound is actually produced at the time when the waiting time in consideration of the pitch and the like has elapsed from the time when the key depression information is received, and the extracted sound is extracted. If the information is supplied via the MIDI interface 80, the sound is immediately generated. Further, in step Sc5, the CPU 10 deletes the information of the line processed in the time difference sound generation buffer. This is because such row information becomes unnecessary in the subsequent processing.

When the processing in step Sc5 or Sc7 is completed, it is determined in step Sc6 whether there is any unprocessed data in the time difference sound generation buffer. If there is, the procedure returns to step Sc1 to perform the same processing for the information corresponding to the row next to the row fetched in steps Sc1 to Sc7, while if there is no unprocessed data, this time difference sound generation processing ends. I do. As described above, in the time difference sound generation process, the process according to the waiting time of each line registered in the time difference sound generation buffer, that is, if the waiting time is zero, the actual sound is generated. Is performed for each row registered in the time difference sound generation buffer.

According to this embodiment, if the information instructing the generation of a musical tone is generated by an actual key depression operation on the keyboard 40, the information by the operation is stored in the tone generation buffer in step Sa4 of the main routine. The waiting time is calculated in steps Sb5 and Sb6 in the sound generation process in step Sa9 and registered in the time difference sound generation buffer. Thereafter, the main routine circulates, and the waiting time is counted down. Only when the waiting time becomes “0”, the sound generation based on the key press information actually starts. On the other hand, if the information for instructing the generation of the musical tone is supplied from outside as MIDI data, the information by the operation is registered in the tone generation buffer in step Sa7 of the main routine, and further, by the step Sb10 in the tone generation process of step Sa9. The waiting time is registered as "0" in the time difference sound generation buffer, and the sound generation based on the key depression information is immediately started by the next time difference sound generation process in step Sa10. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the sound is generated at the timing corresponding to the operation of the keys of the acoustic piano,
This can be performed while also taking into consideration the shift in the recognition timing of the musical tone due to the difference in pitch, and the tone generation timing can be appropriately controlled according to the information supply source.

4: Modified Example In the present application, the above-described embodiment can be modified as follows.

4-1: In the embodiment, the waiting time is set to the tone color,
Although the table is obtained from the table corresponding to the pitch and the key pressing speed, a table having a high order and a large storage capacity in the ROM 20 is required. May be. That is, a table for storing the basic values of the waiting time for each tone color may be prepared, and the waiting time corresponding to the pitch and the key pressing speed may be calculated based on the basic values. The calculation at this time is to correct the basic numerical value so that the higher the pitch and the faster the key-pressing speed, the shorter the waiting time, but actually, the linear density of the string corresponding to the tone color The speed of the impact transmitted to the strings is determined in consideration of such factors.

4-2: In the embodiment, the key pressing speed is determined by the time interval when the switches 42 and 43 are turned on, but this is merely an example and the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a key-pressing process is detected in three or more stages, and two or more key-pressing speeds obtained from state changes between processes are obtained. From these key-pressing speeds, if an acoustic piano is used, a hammer is actually struck. A configuration may be adopted in which the timing at which the string is to be stringed and the speed of the string are predicted, and at that timing, information for instructing sound generation and the key pressing speed are transmitted.

4-3: In the embodiment, the information input from the MIDI interface 80 is configured such that the waiting time is uniformly set to "0" and the difference in the sounding timing due to the pitch is not considered. If the tone is a plucked string instrument such as a piano or guitar,
Assuming that the determination result in step Sb4 is “Yes”,
It is good also as a structure which can be set arbitrarily. In addition, it may be configured to individually set whether or not to consider a shift in musical sound recognition timing due to a difference in pitch, depending on the supply source of the note-on event information.

4-4: In the embodiment, the configuration is such that the generation timing of musical tones differs depending on the pitch. However, the generation timing of musical tones is the same at pitches, and the envelope of generated musical tones is made different depending on the pitch. It is good also as composition. In this case, the envelope is set such that the higher the pitch, the sharper the rise, while the lower the pitch, the slower the rise.

[0033]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects. Even if each string is struck at the same timing as seen in a plucked string instrument such as a piano, it is possible to imitate that the timing actually recognized as a musical tone differs depending on the pitch. Departure
In the case where the sound instruction information is supplied not from the performance operation by the player but supplied from an external device, or if the difference in sound generation due to the pitch is considered, the delay by the delay means is not performed. (Claims 3 and 4 ).

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a touch detection circuit in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation of a main routine in the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an operation of a sound generation process in a main routine.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the time difference sound generation process in the main routine.

6A is a chart showing an example of the contents of a sound generation buffer, and FIG. 6B is a chart showing an example of the contents of a time difference sound generation buffer.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 CPU (delay means, determination means, control means)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. pitch information indicating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated;
And generates sounding instruction information for instructing the sound, an electronic musical instrument to generate the musical tone signal based on these information, after detecting the sounding instruction information, actually a delay means for delaying the time until generate musical tones A delay time in the delay means is indicated by the pitch information.
An electronic musical instrument characterized by being shortened as the pitch increases . 2. Pitch information indicating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated;
Tone color information indicating a tone of a tone to be generated, and generates sounding instruction information for instructing the sound, double on the basis of these information
An electronic musical instrument for generating a musical tone signal having the tone color, after detecting the sounding instruction information, actually comprises a delay means for delaying the time until to generate musical tones, the delay time in said delay means, said Pitch information and the above
Set based on timbre information and at least one timbre
The delay time, and the pitch indicated by the pitch information
An electronic musical instrument characterized by being shortened as it gets higher . 3. Pitch information indicating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated;
And pronunciation instruction information for instructing pronunciation,
In an electronic musical instrument that generates a tone signal based on a tone signal, after the sound information is detected, the tone is not generated until a tone is actually generated.
Delaying means for delaying the time in step ( a), determining means for determining whether or not to delay by the delaying means in accordance with the source of the sounding instruction information; and a determination result by the determining means is negative. lever, while as the delay of the delay means is not performed, the determination result is affirmative, the delay in the delay means
Time, ingredients and a control means for changing by the pitch data
Electronic musical instrument which is characterized in that Bei. 4. Pitch information indicating a pitch of a musical tone to be generated;
Finger tone color information, and a sound that indicates the sound color of a tone to be generated
Generates pronunciation information to indicate
In the electronic musical instrument for generating a tone, after detecting the pronunciation instruction information, the musical tone is actually generated.
Delaying means for delaying the time until the delay, a determining means for determining whether or not to delay by the delaying means in accordance with a supply source of the sounding instruction information, and a determination result by the determining means is negative. Oh lever, while as the delay of the delay means is not performed, the determination result is affirmative, the delay in the delay means
Time is changed by the pitch information and the timbre information
An electronic musical instrument , comprising: control means for causing