JP3025565B2 - Distance measuring device for passive autofocus system - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a passive type auto-focusing device which receives light from a subject, measures the distance to the subject, and adjusts the focus based on the measurement result so that the taking lens is focused. A distance measuring device for measuring a distance to a subject.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An autofocus device is a device that automatically measures a photographing distance of a camera or the like, adjusts a photographing lens based on a result of the distance measurement, and adjusts a focus. You can enjoy shooting more easily. Various types of this autofocusing device have been developed, and the main one is a distance measuring method by triangulation. As a method based on the triangulation method, there is a passive type in which a light receiving sensor provided in a camera receives light from a subject to measure a shooting distance.

[0003] Among passive distance measuring devices of this kind, two are known.
Some light receiving sensors are provided. In the distance measuring device including the two light receiving sensors, from the measurement result in the case where two objects are present, the existence of the object can be considered in two ways. There is a possibility that the image will be shifted.

For this reason, the present applicant has already proposed a distance measuring mechanism comprising three light receiving element arrays so that a clear image can be obtained by performing a reliable distance measurement (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-4).
2642). The principle of distance measurement by this distance measurement mechanism will be described with reference to FIGS. The distance measuring mechanism is the reference light receiving sensor 1 and the first
It comprises a light receiving sensor 2 and a second light receiving sensor 3, and these light receiving sensors 1, 2, and 3 are imaging lenses 1a, 2a, and 3a, respectively.
And light-receiving element arrays 1b, 2b, 3b, so that a subject image passes through the imaging lenses 1a, 2a, 3a and forms an image on the light-receiving element arrays 1b, 2b, 3b. FIG. 18 shows a case where one subject P exists. Then, the displacement amount of the output signal P ₀ relating to the luminance distribution of the subject P detected by the light receiving element array 1b serving as a reference from the optical axis T ₀ of the reference light receiving sensor 1 is detected by x ₀ , and the first light receiving element array 2b The amount of displacement of the output signal P ₁ related to the brightness distribution of the subject P from the optical axis T ₁ of the first light receiving sensor 2 is x ₁ , and the output signal related to the brightness distribution of the subject P detected by the second light receiving element array 3 b The amount of displacement of P ₂ from the optical axis T ₂ of the second light receiving sensor 3 is x ₂ . These displacement amounts x ₀ , x ₁ , x ₂ represent phase differences regarding the luminance distribution of the subject image detected by the light receiving element arrays 1b, 2b, 3b. Then, the optical axes T ₀ , T ₁ ,
Each interval B of T _2, the imaging lens 1a, 2a, 3a and a light receiving element array 1b, 2b, 3b of the interval A between the light receiving surface, an imaging lens
1a, 2a, the distance to the object P Lp, and the distance from the optical axis T ₀ to the subject P and X, the principle of triangulation from 3a,

X = x ₀ * Lp / A Further, including the sign of the direction in which the image of the output signal appears with reference to the optical axis T ₀ ,

[Number 2] _{-x 1 = {(B-X} ) / Lp} * A

X ₂ = {(B + X) / Lp} * A By substituting Equation 1 into each of Equations 2 and 3,

X ₁ = − {(B / Lp) * A} + x ₀

X ₂ = (B / Lp) * A + x ₀

[0005] Comparing Equation 4 and Equation 5, x ₁ , x ₂
Are based on x ₀ , respectively.

## EQU6 ## It can be seen that there is a shift by (B / Lp) * A = Xp. Therefore, by obtaining this Xp,

## EQU7 ## Lp = A * B / Xp can be calculated.

An operation for obtaining the above Xp will be described with reference to FIG. (A) is a comparison of output signals relating to the luminance distribution of the subject images of the light receiving element arrays 1b, 2b, 3b that have received light from the two subjects P, Q, with reference output signals P ₀ , Q _0. If the waveforms of the output signals P ₁ and P ₂ are shifted until the output signals P ₀ , P ₁ and P ₂ coincide with each other as shown in FIG. Become. That is, since the shift amounts of P ₁ and P ₂ are equal at this time, when the output signals of the light receiving element array 2b and the output signal of the light receiving element array 3b are shifted by the same distance, and the waveforms of the three signals match. The waveforms of these three signals become information on the same subject P. Next, as shown in (C), if the output signals Q ₁ and Q ₂ are shifted until they match the output signal Q ₀ , the shift amount becomes Xq.

The above-mentioned Xp and Xq obtained as described above
From equation (7), the distances Lp to the subjects P and Q are
Lq will be required.

[0008]

However, when the above-described conventional distance measuring operation is performed in accordance with the principle, the correlation between the output signal of the reference light receiving element array 1b and the output signal of the first light receiving element array 2b is calculated. Next, a correlation between the output signal of the reference light receiving element row 1b and the output signal of the second light receiving element row 3b is calculated, and the reference light receiving element row 1b, the first light receiving element row 2b, and the second
Since the coincidence of the waveforms of the light receiving element row 3b will be detected,
The number of correlation operations increases and the signal processing time increases. For this reason, the time required for the distance measurement becomes long, and when the subject is dynamic, the image is taken out of focus, and the image may be unclear.

Further, in order to reliably measure a predetermined distance, the initial adjustment of the detection data of the three light receiving sensors must be performed. That is, it is necessary to adjust the data output from the three light receiving sensors to coincide with the data on the luminance distribution obtained from the subject at a predetermined distance.

However, in order to adjust the output data of the three light receiving sensors so as to match, the pixel positions of the imaging lens and the light receiving element array must be adjusted, and the operation becomes complicated.

Therefore, the present invention has three light receiving sensors, can perform signal processing in a short time, and can easily perform a matching adjustment operation of the output data of the three light receiving sensors. It is intended to provide a device.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above objects, a distance measuring apparatus for a passive type autofocus apparatus according to the present invention comprises three sets of light receiving sensors for capturing a luminance distribution of a subject,
A second difference calculating circuit for calculating a second difference between the output signals of the respective light receiving sensors, a zero cross detecting circuit for detecting a zero cross point of the output signal of each of the second difference calculating circuits, and the respective zero cross detecting circuits A zero-cross memory circuit that stores the zero-cross behavior signal obtained by the above, a match detection circuit that compares the zero-cross behavior signals stored in the respective zero-cross memory circuits and detects a match between them, One of the sets is used as a reference sensor, and adjustment means is provided for performing matching processing of data of two sets of light receiving sensors including the reference sensor. When measuring the distance to the subject, the zero-cross behavior obtained from the reference sensor is measured. In response to these signals, the zero-crossing behavior signals obtained from the other two light receiving sensors are sequentially slid, and these The coincidence of the cross behavior signal detected by the coincidence detection circuit, is characterized in that for calculating the distance to the object from the amount of slide.

[0013]

The output voltage corresponding to the object luminance distribution is obtained by the light receiving element array constituting the light receiving sensor, and the secondary difference distribution of the output voltage behaves at the zero level. The zero-cross point of this behavior becomes equal to the luminance distribution of the same part of the subject in a state where the three light receiving sensors are appropriately shifted from a predetermined reference part.

The amount of the shift can be obtained as a slide amount by detecting the signal waveform of the zero-crossing behavior by sliding in the coincidence detection circuit.

Then, the distance to the subject can be calculated from the slide amount by triangulation.

The adjusting means adjusts the reference light receiving sensor so that the output data of one of the light receiving sensors of the reference light receiving sensor and the other light receiving sensor coincides with the reference light receiving sensor. If the adjustment is performed with reference to the reference light receiving sensor so that the output data of the other light receiving sensor and the output data of the other light receiving sensor match, the output data of the three light receiving sensors can be matched at a predetermined distance.

[0017]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a distance measuring apparatus for an automatic focusing apparatus according to the present invention. 1 to 12 show the first embodiment, and FIGS. 13 to 17 show the second embodiment.

Each of the light receiving sensors 10, 20, 30 is constituted by combining a line sensor composed of a light receiving element array in which an appropriate number of pixels are juxtaposed, and an imaging lens, and as shown in FIG. Is provided with three imaging lenses 10a, 20a and 30a, and light emitted from a subject is
a, 20a, 30a
Images are formed on 10b, 20b and 30b. These light receiving sensors 10, 20,
Reference numerals 30 denote a central sensor 10, a right sensor 20, and a left sensor 30, respectively.The optical axes 20c and 30c of the right sensor 20 and the left sensor 30 are symmetrical with respect to the optical axis 10c of the central sensor 10. It is in. In addition, the line sensor 10
b, 20b, and 30b are a central line sensor 10b, a right line sensor 20b, and a left line sensor 30b, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 1, drive signals from the sensor drivers 11, 21, and 31 are separately input to the line sensors 10b, 20b, and 30b, and the line sensors 10b, 20b, and 30b receive the drive signals from the respective drive signals. The capture of light from the subject is started based on the information. The sensor drivers 11, 21, and 31 are connected to the control circuit 40 by a drive control signal line 40a.
Is controlled by a drive control signal output from the controller.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, the output terminals of the line sensors 10b, 20b, and 30b are connected to secondary difference calculation circuits 12, 22, and 32, respectively.
The respective line sensors 10b, 20b, by 12, 22, 32,
The secondary difference of the luminance distribution signal of the object obtained in 30b is calculated. As shown in FIG. 3, these secondary difference calculation circuits 12, 22, and 32 convert the output signals Vin of the respective pixels of the line sensors 10b, 20b, and 30b into sample-and-hold circuits 12a, 12b, and 12b.
Samples and holds sequentially while shifting by c, 12d, 12e, and the operational amplifier 12f

[Mathematical formula-see original document] Vout = (R2 / (2 * R1)) * (Vin (n-2) -2 * Vin (n-1) + Vin (n)) is calculated to obtain a secondary difference. FIG. 4 shows a time chart of the secondary difference calculation circuits 12, 22, and 32. Also, as shown in FIG. 7, the subject luminance has a distribution waveform shown in FIG. 7A, and its primary difference waveform and secondary difference waveform are shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, respectively. .

As shown in FIG. 1, the output signals of the secondary difference calculation circuits 12, 22, and 32 are respectively zero-cross detection circuits.
13, 23, and 33, and the second-order difference calculation circuits 12, 2
The zero-cross point of the secondary difference obtained in steps 2 and 32 is detected.
As shown in FIG. 5, the zero-cross detection circuit 13 (23, 3
3) The second difference calculation circuit 1 is connected to the input terminal of the comparator 13a.
2 (22, 32) output signal Vin is input, and the reference terminal is grounded. The output side of the comparator 13a is connected to flip-flops 13b and 13c, and the Q output of the flip-flop 13b and the inverted Q output of the flip-flop 13c are ANDed.
The inverted Q output of the flip-flop 13b and the Q output of the flip-flop 13c are input to the AND circuit 13e, and the output signals of the AND circuits 13d and 13e are input to the OR circuit 13f. Then, as shown in the timing chart of FIG.
is input in synchronization with the pulse φ1 and the output signal Vin crosses the zero level and the sign is changed, the zero-cross signal is synchronized with the clock pulse φ2 of the flip-flops 13b and 13c. Is output as

The signal waveforms of the zero-cross behavior obtained by the above-mentioned zero-cross detection circuits 13, 23 and 33 are input to and stored in the zero-cross memory circuits 14, 24 and 34, respectively.
At this time, the zero crossing behavior is
Address operation circuit 1 corresponding to pixel positions b, 20b, 30b
It is stored in correspondence with the addresses output from 5, 25 and 35. That is, the count signal (COUNTER1) of the first counter 50 is input to the address operation circuits 15, 25, and 35, and the address signal is sequentially incremented.

ADDRESS = COUNTER1-S In the right memory circuit 24,

ADDRESS = COUNTER1-S In the left memory circuit 34,

## EQU11 ## In accordance with ADDRESS = COUNTER1, it is stored at each address according to each pixel. Note that S in Equations 9 and 10 is a constant.

A count signal (COUNTER2) of a second counter 60 is input to the address arithmetic circuits 25 and 35, and the second counter 60 and the first counter 50 are controlled based on an output signal of the control circuit 40. Counting up and resetting. The second counter 60 increments an address when data is read from the zero-cross memory circuits 24 and 34, as described later. The address arithmetic circuits 15, 25, and 35 have a control circuit 40.
, Address processing information is input thereto, and predetermined write signals and read signals are output to the zero-cross memory circuits 14, 24, 34 from the address arithmetic circuits 15, 25, 35 based on the address processing information.

The zero cross memory circuits 14, 2
A match detection circuit 70 is connected to the output side of 4, 34,
The output side of the coincidence detection circuit 70 is connected to the control circuit 40 via a coincidence information line 70a for transmitting a coincidence signal of zero cross data. An adjustment signal is input to the coincidence detection circuit 70 via an adjustment mode signal line 70b.

One embodiment of the coincidence detection circuit 70 is shown in FIG. 8, in which the output of the center zero cross memory circuit 14 is C, the output of the right zero cross memory circuit 24 is R, and the output of the left zero cross memory circuit 34 is L. Output C
Is input to AND circuits 71a, 71b, 71c, and the output R is
The input L is input to the D circuits 71b and 71c, and the output L is input to the AND circuits 71a and 7c.
Entered in 1c. These AND circuits 71a, 71b, 71c
Is input to the OR circuit 71d. An adjustment signal input via the adjustment mode signal line 70b is
The signals are input to the AND circuits 71a and 71b and inverted by an inverter 75 and input to the AND circuit 71c. Therefore, when the adjustment mode is selected and an adjustment signal is input (when it becomes “1”), A
When the output is not obtained from the ND circuit 71c and the output C of the center zero cross memory 14 and the output R of the right side zero cross memory 24 become "1", the output is obtained from the AND circuit 71b, When the output L of the left zero cross memory circuit 34 becomes "1", an output is obtained from the AND circuit 71a. The data corresponding to the zero-cross point is “1”.
It is assumed to be stored as

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the coincidence detecting circuit 70. The output C, the output R and the output L are inputted to a 5-bit shift register, and the Q of each D flip-flop is inputted.
The output is input to an OR circuit 72a for the output L of the left zero cross memory circuit 34, to the OR circuit 72b for the output C of the central zero cross memory circuit 14, and to the OR circuit 72c for the output R of the right zero cross memory circuit 24. ing. Therefore, if any one of the five consecutive data of the outputs C, R, and L becomes "1", the output "1" is obtained from the OR circuits 72a, 72b, 72c. The output of the OR circuit 72b relating to the output C is AND
The OR circuit 7 that is input to the circuits 72d, 72e, and 72f and related to the output R
The output of 2c is input to AND circuits 72e and 72f, and the output of the OR circuit 72a related to the output L is input to AND circuits 72d and 72f. The outputs of the AND circuits 72d, 72e, and 72f are input to an OR circuit 72g, and the output of the OR circuit 72g is used as coincidence detection data. That is, for five consecutive addresses of the zero-cross data output from the zero-cross memory circuits 14, 24, and 34, the respective zero-cross data are compared for coincidence, and the detection by the light-receiving sensors 10, 20, and 30 is performed. , Ie, a memory address having a zero-crossing behavior, is provided with an allowable width for detecting a match. Then, the adjustment signal input through the adjustment mode signal line 70b is transmitted to the AND circuits 72d and 71e.
And the signal is inverted through an inverter 75 and input to an AND circuit 72f. Therefore, when the adjustment mode is selected and the adjustment signal is input (when the adjustment signal becomes "1"), no output is obtained from the AND circuit 72f, and the outputs of the OR circuits 72a and 72b become "1". In the case where the output of the AND circuit 72d is obtained, an output is obtained from the AND circuit 72d.
When the outputs of 2b and 72c become "1", the AND circuit 72e
Gives the output. It is assumed that data corresponding to the zero-cross point is stored as “1”.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the coincidence detecting circuit 70. In this embodiment, the central zero cross memory circuit 14 is used.
Is input to a 5-bit shift register, and the respective Q outputs of the D flip-flops are input to an OR circuit 73a. Therefore, if any one of the five consecutive data of the output C becomes “1”, the OR circuit
The output "1" is obtained from 73a. The output R of the right-side zero-cross memory circuit 24 and the output L of the left-side zero-cross memory circuit 34 are input to a 3-bit shift register. The output of the OR circuit 73a relating to the output C is AND
The outputs of the shift register relating to the output R are inputted to the AND circuits 73c, 73d, and the output L is inputted to the circuits 73b, 73c, 73d.
Is output to the AND circuits 73b and 73d. The outputs of the AND circuits 73b, 73c and 73d are input to an OR circuit 73e, and the output of the OR circuit 73e is used as coincidence detection data. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, since the center zero-cross memory circuit 14, the right-side zero-cross memory circuit 24, and the left-side zero-cross memory circuit 34 each have an allowable width for detecting a match, the match is determined. In contrast, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the allowable width of the coincidence detection is limited to the output of the , The distance measurement data does not depart from the subject distance. The adjustment signal input through the adjustment mode signal line 70b is input to the AND circuits 73b and 73c, and is input to the AND circuit 73d after inverting the signal through the inverter 75. Therefore, when the adjustment mode is selected and the adjustment signal is input (when it becomes "1"), no output is obtained from the AND circuit 73d, and the output of the OR circuit 73a and the shift register relating to the output R are not obtained. When the output of "1" becomes "1", the AND circuit
When an output is obtained from 73c, and the output of the OR circuit 73a and the output of the shift register relating to the output L become "1", AN is output.
An output is obtained from the D circuit 73b. It is assumed that data corresponding to the zero-cross point is stored as “1”.

The count signal of the first counter 50 is input to the address port 81 of the data memory circuit 80,
The count signal of the counter 60 is input to the distance data port 82 of the data memory circuit 80. Further, the count signals of the first counter 50 and the second counter 60 are both input to the control circuit 40. Further, a data memory signal is output from the control circuit 40 to the data memory circuit 80, and address data and distance data are stored in the data memory circuit 80 based on the signal.

Next, referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, a description will be given of a procedure for writing and reading the luminance information of the subject in the memory.

When the distance measurement is started, the line sensors 10b, 20
Electric charges are accumulated in b and 30b (step 1101), the second counter 60 is reset (step 1102), and the first counter 50 is reset (step 1103). Then, data corresponding to one pixel of each of the line sensors 10b, 20b, 30b is read (step 1104), and the read data is written to the zero cross memory circuits 14, 24, 34 (step 1105). Note that zero cross detection is performed between step 1104 and step 1105. Then step 1106
To determine whether reading has been completed for all pixels based on the value of the first counter 50. If not, the flow advances to step 1107 to count up the first counter 50 and then return to step 1104. Thus, one-pixel reading and writing to the zero-cross memory circuits 14, 24, 34 are performed (step 1105). And zero cross memory circuit 1
When data is written to 4, 24, and 34, the address operation circuits 15, 2, and 3 are based on the count signal of the first counter 50.
The address is specified from 5 and 35 and stored. At this time, the addresses to be stored are the above equations (9), (10),
Specified according to equation 11. If the address is negative, no writing is performed.

If reading of all pixels is completed and the determination in step 1106 is YES, step 1201 (FIG.
Proceeding to 12), the first counter 50 is reset. And
The memory is read from the zero-cross memory circuits 14, 24, and 34 (step 1202), and the coincidence detection circuit 70 determines whether the data in the central zero-cross memory circuit 14, the right-side zero-cross memory circuit 24, and the left-side zero-cross memory circuit 34 match. A judgment is made (step 1203). If the data match, proceed to step 1204, where the first counter
The numerical value of the count signal (COUNTER1) of 50 is used as address data, and the counter signal (CO
UNTER2) is written to the data memory circuit 80 as distance data. The determination in step 1203 is N
If it is O, the process proceeds to step 1205, where the first counter determines whether reading of memory data (reference data) corresponding to all valid pixels of the central line sensor 10b is completed.
Judge based on the value of 50, if not completed step
Proceeding to step 1206, the first counter 50 is counted up, and then returning to step 1202 to execute steps up to step 1205.

When the reading of the reference data is completed, the process proceeds from step 1205 to step 1207, where the data of the right and left zero-cross memory circuits 24 and 34 are shifted by a specified amount with respect to the data of the central zero-cross memory circuit 14. It is determined from the value of the second counter 60 whether or not steps 1201 to 1205 have been executed (shift reading) (step 1207). If the shift reading has not been completed, the second counter 60 is counted up, the process returns to step 1201, and steps 1202 to 1205 are repeated. When the shift reading is completed, the process proceeds to step 1209.

The reading of the memory data from step 1201 to step 1208 is performed by the address operation circuit 1
From 5, 25, and 35, corresponding to the equations (9), (10), and (11), from the central zero-cross memory circuit 14,

ADDRESS = COUNTER1 From the right side zero cross memory circuit 24,

ADDRESS = COUNTER1 + COUNTER2 From the left zero cross memory circuit 34,

ADDRESS = COUNTER1 + SC
It is read according to OUTER2. Note that S in Expression 14 is a constant. The relationship between the write address and the read address at this time will be described next.

First, the count signal of the second counter 60 is set to 0
(COUNTER2 = 0), the first counter 50 is set to 0
While incrementing from (W-1 + D) to (W-1 + D) (step 1206), the data stored in the addresses corresponding to the pixels of the line sensors 10b, 20b, and 30b are compared to detect a match between the data. Therefore, COUNTE
When R2 = 0, the addresses of the pixels of the center line sensor 10b and the right line sensor 20b are changed from 0 to (W-1 +
D), and the address of the pixel of the left line sensor 30b is incremented from S to (S + W-1 + D). Next, the second counter 60 is incremented (step 1208), and while the counter signal of the second counter 60 is 1 (COUNTER2 = 1), the first counter 50 is incremented from 0 to (W-1 + D) (step 1208). 1206), line sensors 10b, 20b, 30b
And compares the data stored at the address corresponding to each pixel to detect a match between the data. Therefore,
When COUNTER2 = 1, center line sensor
For 10b, the address is from 0 to (W-1 + D)
The value is incremented from 1 to (W + D) for the right line sensor 20b and from (S-1) to (S + W-2 + D) for the left line sensor 30b. In other words, the memory data of the right-side zero-cross memory circuit 24 and the memory data of the left-side zero-cross memory circuit 34 are shifted from the memory data of the central zero-cross memory circuit 14 one pixel at a time to perform coincidence detection. Note that “D” is a constant determined by the detection delay, and “D = 0” when the coincidence detection circuit 70 is provided with the embodiment shown in FIG.
In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG.

Further, in the case of the coincidence detection circuit 70 shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10, since a width is provided for the address used for comparison, another two A plurality of addresses of one zero cross data are to be compared.

Then, while incrementing the second counter 60 (step 1208), the coincidence detection is repeated until the count signal of the second counter 60 becomes COUNTER2 = S.

That is, the zero-cross memory circuits 14, 24,
The value of the second counter 60 when the memory data of No. 34 coincides with the zero-cross point is equal to the shift amount X in the equation (6).
corresponds to p. Then, this shift amount is stored in the data memory circuit 80 as distance data in step 1204.

If it is determined in step 1207 that the predetermined shift readout is completed, the flow advances to step 1209. In step 1204, the distance data written in the data memory circuit 80 is output to a photographic lens driving device (not shown). The lens moves to a predetermined position to focus on the subject.

When obtaining coincidence detection data for distance measurement, any of the coincidence detection circuits shown in FIGS.
At 70, the adjustment mode is not selected. For this reason, in the match detection circuit 70 shown in FIG.
Since "1" is input only to the ND circuit 71c, only when all of the outputs C, R and L become "1",
Match detection data is obtained via the D circuit 71c. In the coincidence detection circuit 70 shown in FIG.
Since "1" is input only to the circuit 72f, the OR circuit
Only when all the outputs of 72a, 72b and 72c become "1", coincidence detection data is obtained via the AND circuit 72f. In the match detection circuit 70 shown in FIG.
Since "1" is input only to the AND circuit 73d via the gate 75, AND is output only when the output of the OR circuit 73a and the output of the shift register associated with each of the outputs R and L become "1". Match detection data is obtained through the circuit 73d.

Next, an adjustment for obtaining predetermined output data for detecting a match will be described.

In the coincidence detection circuit 70 shown in FIG. 8, an adjustment signal is input so that an output cannot be obtained from the AND circuit 71c. Is not fetched. In this state, the luminance data of the subject arranged at a predetermined distance is captured by the center sensor 10 and the left sensor 30. Then, with the center sensor 10 kept constant, the state of mounting the left sensor 30 so that coincidence detection data suitable for measuring the distance to the subject is obtained from the OR circuit 71d, that is, the AND circuit 71a. And the start position of the read address. Next, if the mounting state of the right sensor 20 and the start position of the read address are adjusted while the left sensor 30 is shielded from light and the center sensor 10 is kept constant, the center sensor 10 ,
Matched data is obtained from the right sensor 20 and the left sensor 30.

Also, in the coincidence detecting circuit 70 shown in FIG. 9, the adjustment signal is input and the output from the AND circuit 72f is not obtained, as in the embodiment of FIG.
What is necessary is just to adjust between the central sensor 10 and the 20 and the left sensor 30 by alternately shielding the light. In the coincidence detection circuit 70 shown in FIG. 9, since the Q output of any one of the D flip-flops of the 5-bit shift register should be "1" for all of the outputs C, L, and R, the read address is shifted. Even if there is a match, match detection data is obtained, and adjustment is easier than with the match detection circuit 70 shown in FIG.

Further, in the coincidence detection circuit 70 shown in FIG.
When the adjustment signal is input and the output from the AND circuit 73d cannot be obtained, the right sensor 20 and the left sensor 30 are alternately shielded from light, as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. You may need to make adjustments between 10. In the coincidence detection circuit 70 shown in FIG. 10, since the Q output of any one of the D flip-flops of the 5-bit shift register having the output C should be "1", the adjustment is easy, and the coincidence detection is performed. There is little discrepancy between the subject distance obtained from the data and the actual subject distance.

Next, a second embodiment shown in FIGS. 13 to 17 will be described.

In the second embodiment, the light receiving sensors 10, 20,
Numeral 30 denotes a combination of one line sensor composed of a light receiving element array in which an appropriate number of pixels are juxtaposed and three imaging lenses. As shown in FIG. Image lenses 10a, 20a, and 30a are provided, and light emitted from the subject passes through these image forming lenses 10a, 20a, and 30a to form an image on a corresponding portion of a line sensor 8 provided behind. . Therefore, the line sensor 8 is divided into three parts, each of which has a line sensor central part 10b,
The line sensor right portion 20b and the line sensor left portion 30b are provided. These light receiving sensors 10, 20, and 30 are a central sensor 10, a right sensor 20, and a left sensor 30, respectively.
Optical axes 20c and 30c of the right sensor 20 and the left sensor 30, respectively.
Are located symmetrically about the optical axis 10c of the central sensor 10.

As shown in FIG. 13, a drive signal from a sensor driver 11 is input to the line sensor 8, and the line sensor 8 starts capturing light from a subject based on the drive signal. The sensor driver 11 is connected to the control circuit 40 by a drive control signal line 40a, and is controlled by a drive control signal output from the control circuit 40.

On the other hand, the output terminal of the line sensor 8
As shown in FIG. 13, a secondary difference calculation circuit 12 is connected, and the secondary difference calculation circuit 12 calculates a secondary difference of the luminance distribution signal of the subject obtained by the line sensor 8. The secondary difference calculation circuit 12 is the same as that shown in FIG. 3 shown in the first embodiment, and calculates the secondary difference by the above equation (8).

The output signal of the secondary difference calculation circuit 12 is
As shown in FIG. 13, the zero-cross point of the secondary difference that is input to the zero-cross detection circuit 13 and obtained by the secondary difference calculation circuit 12 is detected. This zero-cross detection circuit 13
This is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG.

The signal waveform of the zero-crossing behavior obtained by the zero-crossing detection circuit 13 is
The part corresponding to b, the part corresponding to the line sensor right part 20b, and the part corresponding to the line sensor left part 30b are divided and respectively input to the zero cross memory circuits 14, 24, and stored. At this time, the zero-crossing behavior is stored in the right part 20b and the left part 30b of the line sensor 8 in correspondence with the address output from the address calculation circuits 25 and 35 corresponding to the pixel position, and in the line sensor central part 10b. It is stored according to the count signal (COUNTER1) of the counter 50. That is, the first address arithmetic circuits 25 and 35
The count signal (COUNTER1) of the counter 50 is input, and the count signal (COUNT) is supplied to the central memory circuit 14.
While TER1) is input and incremented sequentially,
In the central memory circuit 14,

ADDRESS = COUNTER1 In the right memory circuit 24,

ADDRESS = COUNTER1 In the left memory circuit 34,

## EQU17 ## In accordance with ADDRESS = COUNTER1, it is stored at each address according to each pixel.

The count signal (COUNTER2) of the second counter 60 is input to the address arithmetic circuits 25 and 35. The second counter 60 and the first counter 50 are controlled based on the output signal of the control circuit 40. Counting up and resetting. The second counter 60 increments the address when data is read from the zero cross memory circuits 24 and 34. Further, address processing information is input from the control circuit 40 to the address calculation circuits 25 and 35, and based on the address processing information, a predetermined write signal and readout are performed from the address calculation circuits 25 and 35 to the zero-cross memory circuits 24 and 34. And a signal are output.

The zero cross memory circuits 14, 2
A match detection circuit 70 is connected to the output side of 4, 34,
The output side of the coincidence detection circuit 70 is connected to the control circuit 40 via a coincidence information line 70a for transmitting a coincidence signal of zero cross data. An adjustment signal is input to the coincidence detection circuit 70 via an adjustment mode signal line 70b.

The configuration of the coincidence detecting circuit 70 is the same as that of the coincidence detecting circuit 70 according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS.

The count signal of the first counter 50 is input to the address port 81 of the data memory circuit 80,
The count signal of the counter 60 is input to the distance data port 82 of the data memory circuit 80. Further, the count signals of the first counter 50 and the second counter 60 are both input to the control circuit 40. Further, a data memory signal is output from the control circuit 40 to the data memory circuit 80, and address data and distance data are stored in the data memory circuit 80 based on the signal.

Next, the procedure for writing and reading the luminance information of the subject in the memory will be described with reference to FIGS.

When the distance measurement is started, electric charges are accumulated in the line sensor 8 (step 1501), the second counter 60 is reset (step 1502), and the readout pixel number counter (not shown) in the control circuit is reset (step 1501). Step 150
3).

Since the line sensor 8 is composed of one line, it is first determined whether or not the reading of the first pixel of the portion related to the line sensor left portion 30b has been started based on the value of the read pixel number counter (step S1). 1504),
Output is performed one pixel at a time until reading of the first part is started (step 1505). When the reading of the first part is started, the first counter 50 is reset (step 1506). Then, data corresponding to one pixel in the left portion 30b of the line sensor is read out (step 150).
7) Read the data to the left zero cross memory circuit 3
4 is written (step 1508). Note that zero-cross detection is performed between step 1507 and step 1508. Next, the process proceeds to step 1509, where it is determined whether reading has been completed for all pixels based on the value of the first counter 50. If not, the process proceeds to step 1510, where the first counter 50 is counted up. Returning to 1507, reading of one pixel and writing to the left zero cross memory circuit 34 are performed (step 1508). When data is written to the left zero cross memory circuit 34, the first
Address operation circuit based on the count signal of counter 50
Address is specified from 35 and stored. At this time,
The address to be stored is specified according to the above equation (17).

When reading of all the pixels of the line sensor left portion 30b is completed and YES is obtained in step 1509, step 16 is executed.
Proceeding to 03 (FIG. 16), it is determined by the value of the read pixel counter whether or not the reading of the first pixel of the portion related to the line sensor central portion 10b has been started, and 1 is determined until the reading of the first portion is started. The data is output pixel by pixel (step 1604). If the reading of the first part is started, the first counter 50 is reset (step 1605),
As in steps 1507 to 1510, the zero cross detection is performed for the line sensor
The reading of each pixel (step 1606), the writing to the center zero cross memory 14 (step 1607), and the completion of reading of all the pixels of the line sensor center 10b based on the value of the first counter 50 (step 1608) are performed. This operation is repeated while counting up one counter 50 (step 1609). Note that the address to be memorized is specified in accordance with equation (15).

When reading of all the pixels in the line sensor central portion 10b is completed and YES is determined in step 1608, the process proceeds to step 1703 (FIG. 17), and the line sensor is output while outputting one pixel at a time (step 1704). Right part 20b
The start of reading of the first pixel of the portion concerned is determined by the value of the read pixel number counter, and if the reading of the first portion is started, the first counter 50 is reset (step 1705). And the line sensor left part 30b
Similarly to the procedure for the line sensor central part 10b, the line sensor right part 20b is read out one pixel at a time (step 1706) and written to the right side zero cross memory 24 (step 1707) while the zero cross detection is being performed. The judgment of the completion of reading of all the pixels of the line sensor right portion 20b based on the value of the counter 50 (step 1708) is performed while counting up the first counter 50 (step 170)
9) repeated. When data is written to the right-side zero cross memory circuit 24, the data is stored in the address specified by the address arithmetic circuit 25 in accordance with Expression 16 based on the count signal of the first counter 50.

If reading of all pixels of the line sensor 8 is completed and the determination in the step 1708 is YES,
Similar to the procedure from step 1201 to step 1209 shown in FIG. 12, memory data is read from the zero-cross memory circuits 14, 24, and 34, and the match detection circuit 70 detects the central zero-cross memory circuit 14 and the right-side zero-cross memory circuit. 24, it is determined whether or not the data of the left zero cross memory circuit 34 matches. Then, when the shift reading is completed, the distance measurement data is output from the data memory circuit 80 (step 1209).

In the procedure for detecting the coincidence of the memory data of the zero-cross memory circuits 14, 24, 34, the first counter 50 and the address operation circuits 25, 35 are used to calculate the equation (15) and the equation (16).
In accordance with the expression and the expression 17, the central zero cross memory circuit 14
From

ADDRESS = COUNTER1 From the right side zero cross memory circuit 24,

ADDRESS = COUNTER1 + COUNTER2 From the left zero cross memory circuit 34,

ADDRESS = COUNTER1 + SC
It is read according to OUTER2. Note that S in Equation 20 is a constant. The relationship between the write address and the read address at this time is the same as in the case of the first embodiment described above.
Match detection is performed while incrementing the first COUNTER1 from 0 to (W-1 + D). In addition,
“D” is a constant determined by the detection delay.

According to the second embodiment, since one line sensor is used and divided into three, the line sensor is used.
The secondary difference calculation circuit and the zero-cross detection circuit are also each one set. For this reason, the distance measuring apparatus shown in the first embodiment using three line sensors has a structure in which three sets of secondary difference calculation circuits and zero-cross detection circuits are provided corresponding to each line sensor. However, in the distance measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment, one line sensor, one set of a secondary difference calculation circuit, and a zero-cross detection circuit are sufficient, and the number of components can be reduced.

[0062]

As described above, according to the distance measuring apparatus for a passive type auto-focusing apparatus according to the present invention, the luminance of the subject is captured by three sets of light receiving sensors, and the secondary difference is calculated from the data. The zero-cross data of the next difference is stored with the zero-cross point of the next difference as a feature point, and the zero-cross data obtained from the other two light-receiving sensors is sequentially set to 1 based on the zero-cross data obtained from one of the three light-receiving sensors. Since the three data are compared with each other with respect to the zero-cross point while shifting each pixel, the distance to the subject is calculated using the shift amount when the three data match as the distance data. The calculation processing speed is faster than that required. Therefore, it is possible to reliably capture a dynamic subject and perform quick focusing.

Further, an adjusting means is provided so that two of the three sets can be adjusted.
Since the distance measurement data obtained from the pair of light receiving sensors can be compared with each other, it is possible to easily adjust the data for detecting the coincidence. In addition, since the adjustment work can be performed by operating the adjustment means, the adjustment work can be performed not only during the initial adjustment when the light receiving sensor is incorporated, but also when the mounting error of the light receiving sensor occurs due to aging. Can be.

In addition, since the zero-cross data of the secondary difference is compared, the distance data can be obtained with high accuracy because it does not depend on the pattern of the subject luminance distribution on the line sensor.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a distance measuring device for a passive type autofocus device.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic structure of a light receiving sensor.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a calculation of a secondary difference from an output of a line sensor.
It is a circuit diagram of a next difference calculation circuit.

FIG. 4 is a time chart in the circuit of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a zero-crossing detection circuit that detects a zero-crossing point from a secondary difference signal obtained by a secondary difference calculation circuit.

FIG. 6 is a time chart in the circuit of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a subject luminance distribution and primary and secondary differences therefrom.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of a coincidence detection circuit.

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the coincidence detection circuit.

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the coincidence detection circuit.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for writing data obtained from a line sensor into a zero cross memory circuit.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a procedure for reading predetermined data from the zero-cross memory circuit in order to detect a coincidence of data stored in the zero-cross memory circuit.

FIG. 13 is a circuit block diagram of a second embodiment of the distance measuring apparatus for a passive type autofocus apparatus.

FIG. 14 is a side view showing a schematic structure of a light receiving sensor according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for writing data obtained from a line sensor into a zero-cross memory circuit according to a second embodiment, and relates to a left portion of the line sensor.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart according to a second embodiment illustrating a procedure for writing data obtained from a line sensor into a zero-cross memory circuit, and relates to a central portion of the line sensor.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for writing data obtained from a line sensor into a zero-cross memory circuit according to a second embodiment, and relates to a right portion of the line sensor.

FIG. 18 is an optical path diagram illustrating a principle of distance measurement.

FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a measurement procedure based on the principle of distance measurement, and is a signal diagram relating to a luminance distribution of a subject image detected by a light receiving element array.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Receiving sensor 20 Receiving sensor 30 Receiving sensor 10a Imaging lens 20a Imaging lens 30a Imaging lens 10b Line sensor central part 20b Line sensor right part 30b Line sensor left part 11 Sensor driver 12 Secondary difference calculation circuit 13 Zero cross detection circuit 14 , 24, 34 Zero cross memory circuit 25, 35 Address operation circuit 40 Control circuit 50 First counter 60 Second counter 70 Match detection circuit 80 Data memory circuit

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A light receiving sensor comprising: three sets of light receiving sensors for capturing a luminance distribution of a subject; a second difference calculating circuit for calculating a second difference between output signals of the respective light receiving sensors; A zero-cross detection circuit that detects a zero-cross point of the output signal, a zero-cross memory circuit that stores a zero-cross behavior signal obtained by each of the above-described zero-cross detection circuits, and a zero-cross behavior signal that is stored in each of the above-described zero-cross memory circuits. A coincidence detecting circuit for detecting coincidence between them; and an adjusting means for performing coincidence processing of data of two sets of light receiving sensors including one of the three sets as a reference sensor and the two sets of light receiving sensors including the reference sensor. When measuring the distance to the subject, the other two light receiving sensors are used in response to the zero-crossing behavior signal obtained from the reference sensor. A passive auto-focusing device characterized in that the zero-crossing behavior signals obtained from the sensors are sequentially slid, the coincidence of these zero-crossing behavior signals is detected by the coincidence detection circuit, and the distance to the subject is calculated from the sliding amount. Distance measuring device.