JP3015731B2 - Plant cultivation container - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to relates to a soil burial type plant cultivation container consisting side Material and bottom element <br/> material, when growing the six months to five years the plant in its container in accordance with the species Maintains the necessary functions and, in particular, has the feature of high permeability of soil moisture and nutrients, so it is suitable for use in growing plants that are vulnerable to drying and during periods of low rainfall, and at the same time promotes fine roots It has the function of

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in raising seedlings of greening trees and fruit trees of middle shrubs, transplantation is generally performed at each stage from seedlings to trees, and from trees to adults. However, such a transplanting operation requires a lot of manpower and skill, and in particular, a large amount of labor and skill are indispensable in a root-wrapping operation using a straw, a stomach or the like to bind with a rope or the like. In addition, since straw, rice and other materials are easily corroded in the soil and cannot maintain the required strength for a long period of time, when transplanting after temporary planting for a long period of time, it is necessary to perform operations such as root winding again. I have.

[0003] Furthermore, when transplanting, part of the roots of the plant is inevitably cut due to the transplanting operation. At this time, if the roots are cut more than necessary,
The survival rate after transplantation is significantly reduced, which is a major cause of plant death. In particular, this tendency is strong in high-level revegetation trees such as peanuts and dogwoods, and fruit trees such as bayberry and oysters, and it is necessary to pay close attention to transplantation work.

In view of the above, recently, a buried type container container made of a material obtained by heat-treating a synthetic resin sheet such as polyolefin, polyester, polyamide or the like, a synthetic fiber non-woven fabric, or a knitted woven fabric, or resin processing is used. Proposed. Such a container has a feature that it does not corrode, thereby simplifying the operation of the above-mentioned root winding and the like.In addition, the container itself is made of a synthetic resin sheet or a heat treatment so as not to cut the roots of the plant more than necessary at the time of transplantation. Etc., and the organization is densely formed. For this reason, although the protrusion of the root outside the container is suppressed, water and nutrients important for promoting the generation of fine roots do not sufficiently penetrate into the container, and water shortage occurs,
In addition, a phenomenon called looping in which the roots are entangled with each other in the container occurs, which causes a reduction in the survival rate at the time of transplantation.

On the other hand, the apparent density of the container is reduced, and a synthetic resin sheet or a synthetic fiber non-woven fabric having a rough structure,
When made of a material that uses a woven fabric, it has a function to allow sufficient moisture and nutrients that are important for promoting the generation of fine roots to penetrate inside the container, but on the contrary, it is almost impossible to suppress the growth of roots outside the container, and In addition to impairing the merit of simplification of root wrapping work at the time, fine roots are easily cut, which significantly affects the survival rate after transplantation.

It is conceivable that the side of the container is made of a material having a high capillary effect and the bottom is made of a material having poor water permeability such as a synthetic resin film. Moisture is released to the outside of the container again due to the capillary effect on the side surface, and is not permeated into the inside of the container. Also, on the bottom surface, while suppressing root growth and simplifying transplantation work more reliably, it will cut off an important route for moisture transmission into and out of the container, especially in the rainy season,
Alternatively, when irrigation is increased, the water content becomes excessive and causes root rot. As described above, none of the conventionally devised ones can sufficiently satisfy this under a special environment of plant growth, especially rooting in a soil container.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned situation, and has as its object to perform a transplanting operation, such as digging and root winding, which requires much more labor than before. And a new plant cultivation container that improves the permeability of water and nutrients, which were the drawbacks of conventional products, and enhances the effect of growing fine roots without causing a phenomenon such as looping. .

[0008]

That is, the present invention provides a container
A plant cultivation container whose body has excellent water permeability in the soil,
Surface absorbs water by water drop method (JIS L 1096 method)
High surface water absorption of less than 60 seconds in
50 mm or less in the water absorption test by the Elec method
Made of porous material with low capillary effect
The surface is made of a porous material having high water permeability;
The surface is subjected to a water permeability test by the following procedures (a) to (c).
Element having high water permeability of 300 seconds or less
Be made of wood, the material to be measured on the bottom of the container capacity (a) 1000 ml sock
Up to a height of 27.5 mm with a diameter of 0.5 mm
Fill glass beads. (B) Then, distilled water was added up to 40 mm above.
Then, open the cock on the lower side of the container, and steam from the cylinder with a diameter of 5 mm.
Let the retained water fall naturally. (C) The time required for a total of 100 ml of distilled water to fall
Measure and make this water-permeable. In this case, the measurement environment
Is a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65%. The porous material
Is measured in the following procedures (a) to (c).
Having a penetration strength of 1.5 to 3.0 kgf, (a) burst strength measurement described in JIS L 1096 method
Attach the measurement material in the same way as
The surface is described in JIS B 0610 method at the opposite position.
20 degree angle with surface roughness of less than 0.8μm
Attach a conical stainless steel jig. (B) The conical jig is moved at a speed of 10 mm / min.
Move to the position 10mm from the tip to penetrate the material
Let through. (C) Measure the maximum load during this time,
Degree. The measurement environment was a temperature of 20 ° C and a humidity of 65%.
I do. The void portion of the porous material is partially closed,
Synthetic fiber non-woven with mixed breathable and non-breathable parts
A cloth or a woven cloth, wherein the closing treatment is a heat treatment.
That is made by processing or resin processing,
The basis weight of the synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric or the knitted fabric is 100 to 350
plant cultivation containers each having characterized by a g / m ²
Concerning the provision of vessels.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the above construction, the porous material is innumerable voids, that is, pores, which allow moisture and nutrients to easily pass therethrough, and which are buried in the soil for a long time. It maintains the practical strength with little deterioration and exhibits such a function stably, and examples thereof include a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric and a knitted woven fabric. Examples of such a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric or knitted woven fabric include a continuous long-fiber nonwoven fabric by a known technique, such as a polyolefin-based fiber, a polyester-based fiber, and a polyamide-based fiber.
In addition, while such a nonwoven fabric is used as a plant cultivation container,
As long as such a function can be exhibited stably, the use of fibers that biodegrade or disintegrate in the soil is effective in consideration of the effects on the environment after use. Also,
For the purpose of adjusting the decomposition rate in the soil as required, for example, cellulose-based fibers, protein-based fibers, and the like can be combined in an arbitrary ratio.

The basis weight of such a nonwoven fabric or knitted fabric is preferably 100 to 350 g / m ² , more preferably 150 to 200 g / m ^{2 for} nonwoven fabric, or 150 to 300 g / m ² for knitted fabric.
g / m ² . The basis weight is 100 g /
and m ² is smaller than, the root is too much to breed to the outside of the container in a short period of time, or become an obstacle to porting, or adversely affect the survival rate after transplantation. Also, the basis weight is 350 g /
If it is larger than m ² , the permeability of moisture and nutrients will deteriorate and the looping phenomenon will easily occur.

Further, the porous material having the above-mentioned structure is appropriately subjected to a closing process. Such a closing treatment is a treatment for partially closing the innumerable voids in the porous material or on the surface to inhibit air permeability, and to adjust the penetration strength. by applying, or a film of the surface, or by applying a resin treatment, it is possible to intersperse a portion breathable portion and breathability was inhibited in the porous material in or surface, and through The strength can be adjusted. As the heat treatment, a heat roll, embossing, calendering, or the like can be used. In addition, as the resin processing, padding using acrylate ester resin, methacrylate ester resin, epoxy resin, etc., gravure coating,
Knife coating and the like can be mentioned. Further, as a known technique, a hydrophilization treatment using a synthetic resin, a surfactant, or the like, which is used for a material for civil engineering materials for the purpose of improving the surface wettability, is also an effective means.

In the present invention, one having the following functions (1) to (3) is selected in the above configuration. That is, (1) the side surface is dropped by a water drop method (JIS L 1096 method)
60 seconds or less in a water absorption test according to the method described above, and 50 mm or less in a water absorption test according to the birec method.
When the water absorption rate by such a water dropping method exceeds 60 seconds,
If the permeation of water into the inside of the container is hindered and the water absorption rate by the aforementioned birec method exceeds 50 mm, the capillary effect is promoted and water is released outside the container. That is, in any case, permeation of water, which is important for promoting the generation of fine roots from the outside of the container to the inside thereof, is hindered, and this is a serious problem particularly during drying. Incidentally, such a birec method refers to a 2.5 × 2 vertically suspended in distilled water at 27 ± 2 ° C.
The height (mm) at which water rises when the lower end of a test piece having a size of 0 cm is immersed and left for 10 minutes is measured.

(2) Regarding the bottom surface,
Show a value of 300 seconds or less in the water permeability test by the procedure of (c). (A) A material to be measured is spread on the bottom of a container having a capacity of 1000 ml, and glass beads having a diameter of 0.5 mm are filled on the material to a height of 27.5 mm. (B) Next, after pouring distilled water to the upper side of 40 mm, the cock on the lower side of the container is opened, and the distilled water is allowed to fall naturally from a cylinder having a diameter of 5 mm. (C) Measure the time required for a total of 100 ml of distilled water to fall, and determine the water permeability. The measurement environment at this time is a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65%. That is, if the water permeability measured by such a method exceeds 300 seconds, moisture permeation into and out of the container deteriorates, and especially when the amount of precipitation is large, causes root rot due to excessive moisture.

[0014] (3) according porous Material is following (a)
1.5 to 3.0 k in the measurement by the procedure of (c).
gf. (A) A material to be measured is mounted by the same method as the burst strength measurement described in JIS L 1096 method, and the surface thereof has a surface roughness of 0.8 μm or less according to JIS B 0610 method at a position opposed thereto. Attach the machined conical stainless steel jig with an angle of 20 degrees. (B) The conical jig is moved at a speed of 10 mm / min, and is moved from its tip to a position of 10 mm to penetrate the material. (C) The maximum load during this period is measured, and this is defined as the penetration strength. The measurement environment is a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65%. That is, if the penetration strength is less than 1.5 kgf, the roots will propagate too much outside the container in a short period of time, which may hinder transplantation work or adversely affect the survival rate after transplantation. Further, if it exceeds 3.0 kgf, the permeability of water and nutrients deteriorates, and the looping phenomenon easily occurs. The characteristic of or without occlusion process in the configuration, the porous Material constituting the side of the (1) and (3), porous Material constituting the bottom (2) and (3) If it satisfies, the desired function can be obtained. Most preferably, it is a cultivation container comprising a combination of the side surfaces having the functions (1) and (3) and the bottom surface having the functions (2) and (3).

The side and bottom surfaces of the cultivation container of the present invention in the above description refer to the structure of the cultivation container illustrated in FIG.
It is represented as side 1 and bottom 2. These are made into a cultivation container by integrating the side material and the bottom material selected from the above by means such as bonding and sewing. The size and shape are arbitrary. FIG. 2 shows a conical jig for measuring the penetration strength. The surface of such a jig is JIS B
It is made of stainless steel and has a surface roughness of 0.8 μm or less as described in the 0610 method, and includes a conical portion 3 and a mounting portion 4. When measuring the penetration strength, attach the mounting portion 4 to J
Attached to a tensile tester used in the ISL standard, the material is penetrated by the above method, and the maximum load is measured. The conical portion 3 has an angle α of 20 degrees, and its tip is sharp. The angle α is set to 20 degrees, and the penetration speed is set to 10 mm / min., And the penetration position up to 10 mm is based on the past actual planting results of the present inventors. In the cultivated tree, the thickness of the root protruding from the container is approximately 3 to 5 m in diameter.
m, which corresponds to a diameter of 3.5 mm at a position 10 mm from the tip of the conical portion, and the penetration speed was set to 10 mm / min. The conditions were such that the material could be naturally penetrated, and all of them simulated root growth in practical use. From this viewpoint, various experiments have been repeated, and the inventors have found that the objective function can be achieved when the penetration resistance is within a specific range, and have reached the present invention.

[0016]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, comparative examples, physical property tests, and practical tests. (Example 1) Spunbond type polypropylene nonwoven fabric which is a polyolefin fiber (manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Using non-woven fabric (trade name: Tafnel EX40, basis weight: 200 g / m ² ), the nonwoven fabric was subjected to heat treatment on only one surface by a heat roll at 165 ° C., and partially closed.
In addition, it was applied to the side surface of the container of the present invention with such a treated surface, that is, the surface having a closed portion after heat treatment facing outward. Further, a two-component composite nonwoven fabric of spunbond type nylon and polyester (manufactured by AKZO, trade name Colbag SM-12)
0, the basis weight of 120 g / m ² ), and this nonwoven fabric was applied to the bottom surface of the container of the present invention. The thus-obtained side Material was cut sewing bottom Material, the upper end of a diameter 50 cm,
A plant cultivation container of the present invention having a height of 50 cm and a shape shown in FIG. 1 was obtained.

(Comparative Example 1) A tree cultivation container as a representative example of a conventional product, a root control bag manufactured by Nippon Seal Seiko Co., Ltd., having a diameter of about 50 cm and a height of about 50 cm, was applied. In such a container, a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric that has been subjected to heat treatment on only one side is applied to the side face outward, and on the bottom face,
This is a case where a synthetic resin film is applied.

(Physical Property Test) A physical property comparison test of the nonwoven fabric applied to the side and bottom surfaces of the containers of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was performed. That is, the basis weight, air permeability, water absorption (water drop method, Vilec method), water permeability, and penetration strength were measured. Table 1 shows the results.

[0019]

[Table 1]

As is apparent from Table 1, the water absorption of the nonwoven fabric applied to the side of the cultivation container of Example 1 by the birec method and the water permeability of the nonwoven fabric applied to the bottom of the cultivation container have a penetration strength. Although it does not change much, it can be said that it is superior to Comparative Example 1.

(Practical test) Plants were actually grown using the containers of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and a practical test of each container was performed. That is, in each cultivation container, a sapling and a camphor tree seedling with a height of about 2.0 m were transplanted in early March, respectively, and buried in a person, and cultivated for about 12 months. From mid-March to early May, the change in water inside the container in which the camphor tree was transplanted was measured using a tension meter (water suction pressure pF in soil).
3 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the larger the pF value, the more the soil is dry. The open-field cultivation in the figure refers to cultivation by directly transplanting into soil without using a cultivation container. As is clear from FIG. 3, it can be seen that Example 1 shows a slightly similar tendency to a relatively gradual change over time in open-field cultivation, although the direction is slightly wet. This is due to the prompt response to the normal moisture change in the soil, and indicates that the use of the container does not significantly affect the moisture change. On the other hand, in comparison with the above-mentioned change in the open-field cultivation, Comparative Example 1 has a large change between wet and dry conditions.
It can be seen that in each case, it was greatly dried. Although the plant did not die, it was often observed that the inside of the container became overdried relative to the outside of the container in the summer season, and watering was required several times. After cultivation for about 12 months, each cultivation container was dug out together with the container, and the root system of the plant was observed. As a result, in both Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the generation of fine roots inside and outside the container was promoted, the root tension was good, and there was no significant difference between the two. However, in this practical test, since the need for irrigation occurred in Comparative Example 1, it can be said that Example 1 is overall superior in consideration of actual field use. Further, although not described in the practical test, the cultivation container of Example 1 of the present invention was removed, and the plants planted thereafter were very well established. In addition, such practical tests were performed at Gunze Green Co., Ltd. Ibaraki Production Center (Ami-cho, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture) for shirakashi, and at the company's Kagoshima Production Center (Kushira-cho, Kimo-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture) for camphor trees.

[0022]

As described above, the container for cultivating plants according to the present invention makes use of the merit of being buried in the soil, allowing moisture and nutrients in the soil to sufficiently penetrate, and also allowing fine roots to reach outside the container more than necessary. Because it has the effect of not protruding, it simplifies transplanting work such as excavation at the time of transplantation, root winding, etc., and it can be applied to tree species that were difficult to transplant, such as high-grade greening trees and fruit trees , In addition, survival is also very good. Furthermore, the present invention exerts an effect that it can be suitably used even in a period where transplantation has been difficult so far, such as spring to summer.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating the configuration of a cultivation container of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a jig for measuring penetration strength according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in moisture in a container during on-site cultivation using the cultivation containers constructed in Examples of the present invention and Comparative Examples.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation container side surface 2 Cultivation container bottom surface 3 Conical part 4 Mounting part

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page Examiner Makoto Sakata (56) References JP-A-6-253694 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 9/10

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. The whole container has excellent water permeability in soil.
A container for cultivating plants, the side surface of which is formed by a water drop method (JIS
L 1096 method)
High surface water absorption and water absorption test by Vilek method
Has low capillary effect of less than 50mm in experiment
Made of porous material with high water permeability
A plant cultivation container comprising a porous material. 2. The hand according to (a) to (c) below,
High water flow of 300 seconds or less
Claims characterized by being composed of an aqueous porous material
Item 6. The plant cultivation container according to Item 1. (A) Spread the material to be measured on the bottom of a container with a capacity of 1000 ml
Up to a height of 27.5 mm with a diameter of 0.5 mm
Fill glass beads. (B) Then, distilled water was added up to 40 mm above.
Then, open the cock on the lower side of the container, and steam from the cylinder with a diameter of 5 mm.
Let the retained water fall naturally. (C) The time required for a total of 100 ml of distilled water to fall
Measure and make this water-permeable. In this case, the measurement environment
Is a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65%. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous material comprises :
1.5 to 3.0 kgf in the measurement by the procedure of (c)
2. The penetration strength of claim 1 or claim 2.
Item 4. The plant cultivation container according to Item 2. (A) Burst strength measurement described in JIS L 1096 method
Attach the measurement material in the same way as
The surface is described in JIS B 0610 method at the opposite position.
20 degree angle with surface roughness of less than 0.8μm
Attach a conical stainless steel jig. (B) The conical jig is moved at a speed of 10 mm / min.
Move to the position 10mm from the tip to penetrate the material
Let through. (C) Measure the maximum load during this time,
Degree. The measurement environment was a temperature of 20 ° C and a humidity of 65%.
I do. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous material is partially filled in a void.
Blocking treatment is applied, and air-permeable and non-air-permeable parts are mixed
A synthetic fiber non-woven fabric or a woven fabric.
The container for cultivating a plant according to claim 1, wherein the container is cultivated. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the closing treatment is a heat treatment or a resin.
Claims made by processing
5. The container for cultivating plants according to 4. 6. The synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric or knitted woven fabric
Characterized in that the basis weight is 100 to 350 g / m ² .
The plant cultivation container according to claim 4.