JP2997096B2 - Grain drying equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for drying cereals having a high moisture content immediately after harvesting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, high-moisture-content grains carried into a drying preparation facility such as a country elevator are deteriorated by fermentation or the like in a short time as they are. It is charged, semi-dry storage (storage in a semi-dry state) is performed, and the next stage of drying is performed to a predetermined moisture content at the end of the receiving period.

[0003] For this two-stage drying, for example, a continuous falling dryer is usually used, and the flowing grains are dried by passing heated hot air. Further, the drying in the continuous-flow dryer is repeated a plurality of times, and tempering is performed between the drying treatment and the next drying treatment.

[0004]

However, such a conventional drying / storage system has the following problems. (1) In the drying treatment, high-moisture cereals are heated and dried, so that the germination rate, which is considered to affect the taste, is extremely reduced, the fatty acid level of the bran layer, which is a cause of old rice odor, is increased, or the body cracks which impair the commercial value Quality deterioration such as generation of blemishes occurred. In addition, the body cracked due to the impact when it was put into a silo for tempering.

[0005] (2) Due to the limitation of the processing capacity of the dryer, when the collection is concentrated on the country elevator, it takes a long time to receive it. Since a high proportion of part-time farmers as compared to full-time farmers, especially nowadays, in order to harvest collection Saturdays, concentrated Sunday, Country elevator
Limits the harvesting and loading due to the drying capacity of the
I didn't get it. For this reason, there has been a problem of deterioration of grain quality during the period of overmaturity or waiting for receipt of goods .

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem (2), it is sufficient to add a dryer or a ventilation storage bin. This was unfavorable because of an increase in In addition, there is a method of increasing the drying speed, but the above-mentioned problem (1) becomes more remarkable and cannot be performed.

That is, it has been extremely difficult to solve these problems. Therefore, the present invention aims at solving the above-mentioned problems, and a new drying method using dried rice husks is provided.
It is to provide a device .

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems,
Cereal drying equipment mixes high moisture cereals with dried rice husks
A mixing device that mixes at a predetermined ratio, and while storing the mixture
Cereal silo for cereal and rice husk
Separating device, and high-moisture cereal discharged from the mixing device.
And dried rice hulls to the grain storage silo
A transfer path and grains discharged from the grain storage silo
For transferring a mixture of husk and rice husk to the separation device
And rice huller, rice husk storage, rice husk forced drying device,
Transfer of rice husk from the rice huller to the rice husk forced drying device
From the rice husk storage to the rice husk forced drying device
From the transfer route for supplying rice hulls and the silo for grain storage
A transfer path for supplying rice husk to the rice husk forced drying device;
It is characterized by.

[0009]

[0010]

The grain drying apparatus of the present invention mixes high-moisture grains with dried rice hulls and stores them while drying as it is. Pre-drying is not required. Receiving is performed in a short time and smoothly because a large-capacity silo for grain storage is used. Further, since the silos for grain storage used for drying while mixing and storing are larger in capacity than the ventilation storage bins, the silos can be received even if they exceed the planned receiving capacity.

Further, the grain drying apparatus of the present invention for use of dry rice husk as a dry material, high moisture grain at room temperature, Yu'
Dried and dried . Therefore, there is no quality deterioration such as an extreme decrease in the germination rate, an increase in the fatty acid content of the bran layer or the occurrence of cracks in the trunk. In particular, when forced dry rice husks are used, drying can be performed more quickly without deterioration in quality, and can be safely stored for a long time.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the present invention.
The main part of this device is a mixing device 1, a silo group 3 for grain storage,
It comprises a separation device 5, a rice husk forced drying device 7, a rice huller 9, and a rice husk storage 63.

[0013] Further, a transfer route 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 25, 27, 6 of paddy and the like connecting these components.
5, 67, 69. That is, the mixing device 1
First transfer path 11 from the soil storage silo group 3 to the grain storage silo group 3 and second transfer path 1 from the grain storage silo group 3 to the separation device 5
3. Third transfer route 1 from separation device 5 to rice husk drying device 7
5. The fourth from the rice husk drying device 7 to the silo group 3 for grain storage
The transfer path 17, the fifth transfer path 19 from the grain storage silo group 3 to the mixing device 1, the sixth transfer path 21 from the separation apparatus 5 to the grain storage silo group 3, and branching from the sixth transfer path 21 The seventh transfer path 25 to the step drying device or the preparation apparatus 23, the eighth transfer path 27 from the huller 9 to the third transfer path 15, and the ninth transfer path from the second transfer path 13 to the third transfer path 15 The transfer route 65, the tenth transfer route 67 branched from the seventh transfer route 25 to the grain tank 1a, and the rice husk storage 63
An eleventh transfer path 69 from the to the eighth transfer path 27.

The first transfer path 11 is a path for transferring the mixture of the high-moisture cereal discharged from the mixing device 1 and the forcedly dried chaff to the silo group 3 for storing grains, and an elevator 29 is provided in this path. is set up. Second transfer path 13
Is a path for transferring the mixture of the cereal and the rice husks discharged from the cereal storage silo group 3 to the separation device 5, in which an elevator 31 is installed.

The third transfer path 15 is a path for transferring the chaff discharged from the separation device 5 to the chaff drying device 7.
The fourth transfer route 17 is a route for transferring the forcedly dried chaff discharged from the chaff drying device 7 to the grain storage silo group 3.

The fifth transfer path 19 is a path for transferring the forced dry rice husks discharged from the grain storage silo group 3 to the mixing device 1. The sixth transfer path 21 is a path for transferring the cereal discharged from the separation device 5 to the cereal storage silo group 3. An elevator 33 is installed in this route, and a two-way switching valve 35 that is connected to the outlet of the elevator 33 and that can be switched as needed is provided. And the other is the seventh
The transfer path 25 is a path for transferring the grain to the next-stage drying device or the preparation device 23.

The eighth transfer path 27 is a path for transferring the rice husks discharged from the huller 9 to the third transfer path 15.
The second transfer path 15 is connected to the rice husk drying device 7 by a two-way switching valve 37 provided in front of the entrance. The mixing device 1 is provided with an input port for inputting high-moisture grains and forced dry rice husks at the upper part. The inside of the mixing device 1 is divided into a grain tank 1a into which high-moisture grains are charged and a rice hull tank 1b into which forced dry rice husks are charged. Opening / closing valves 41a, 41b and opening / closing valves 41a, 41b are provided at respective outlets 39a, 39b. The rotary valves 43a and 43b are provided continuously. The high-moisture grains in the grain tank 1a and the forcedly dried rice hulls in the rice hull tank 1b are measured and flowed down at predetermined volume ratios by rotary valves 43a and 43b provided at the outlets of the tanks 1a and 1b. The grains and the rice husks are sufficiently mixed while being transported by the transfer path 11 and the elevator 29.

The grain storage silo group 3 includes a plurality of grain storage silos 3a to 3d. The storage capacity per silo is about 250 tons, and usually 8 to 12 units are installed per country elevator facility.
The grain storage silo group 3 is used for storing a mixture of grains and forced dry chaff, semi-dry grains, dried grains, and dried chaff. In addition, dried rice hull is a concept that includes both forced dry rice husk and ordinary dry rice husk.

Each of the grain storage silos 3a to 3d is provided with an opening / closing valve 47 at each discharge port 45, and a two-way switching valve 49 is provided following the opening / closing valve 47. The transfer route from the grain storage silo group 3 is a two-way switching valve 49.
Branches to the second transfer path 13 or the fifth transfer path 19. In the fifth transfer path 19, a rotary valve 51 between each two-way switching valve 49 and one pressure blower 52
Are provided, and the contents of the silos 3a to 3d can be discharged at a desired flow rate. In addition, silo group 3 for grain storage
One blower 53 is provided for each silo at the bottom of the silo to send air into the silo. This blowing is for improving the drying efficiency of the high-moisture cereals, and the amount of blowing is as small as about 1/1000 m ³ / sec per 100 kg of cereals. It is more effective to send dehumidified air.

The separation device 5 is a device known as a wind separator, and separates dried grains and moisture-absorbing rice hulls by wind separation. The dried cereal separated by the separation device 5 is transferred to a predetermined device by the sixth transfer path 21 or the seventh transfer path 25. In addition, the separated moisture-absorbed rice husk enters the third transfer path 15 via the rotary valve 55,
The rice husks are transferred to the rice husk drying device 7 by this route. Third
The transfer path 15 is provided with a blower 57 for supplying compressed air.

The rice husk drying device 7 is a device provided with a high-temperature air generating mechanism, a blowing mechanism, and a rice hull conveying mechanism.
This is a device for forcibly drying the rice husks supplied from 3 by exposing them to high-temperature air. The operation of the two-way switching valve 37 provided in the third transfer path 15 selects which of the moisture-absorbed rice hulls and the rice husks supplied from the huller is to be dried.

The grain hulling machine 9 is a normal grain hulling machine, and when grain is shipped from a country elevator, dried grain is supplied through a not-shown route to be hulled and the chaff is removed. Rice husks discharged from the rice huller 9 are transferred to the eighth transfer path 27,
The rice husks are transferred to the rice husk drying device 7 via the third transfer path 15. The eighth transfer path 27 is connected to the rice hulling machine 9 via a rotary valve 59, and is provided with a blower 61 for supplying compressed air.

Next, the processing steps of the actually harvested raw rice will be described in order. Raw rice (water content about 24 to 25%) carried into the country elevator is weighed and then put into the mixing device 1 to force-dried rice husk and a predetermined volume ratio (preferably force-dried rice husk to raw rice 1) It is discharged in 1-2). Thereafter, the mixture is sufficiently mixed during the transfer in the first transfer path 11 and is put into the grain storage silo group 3. From the input of raw rice to the mixing device 1 to the input to the silo group 3 for grain storage, the operation is continuously performed, and since the storage capacity of the silo group 3 for grain storage is sufficiently large as described above, cutting restriction and load receiving are performed.
Even if the planned receiving volume is exceeded without any restrictions
Can be broken.

The mixture charged into the grain storage silo group 3 is stored and dried. Storage and drying here is the movement of water from raw paddy to forced dry chaff, and the movement of water is compared.
It takes place within a short period of time and the overall water deviation approaches 1.
Good. In this way, since uniform drying is carried out at room temperature without heating and without unevenness, the body cracks due to uneven moisture distribution inside the raw rice do not occur, and heating in the high moisture region is also performed. There is no decrease in germination rate and no increase in fatty acid content.

Predetermined moisture content (preferably 20% or less)
The mixture of the paddy and the moisture-absorbed rice hull dried to 2 is discharged from the silo group 3 for grain storage and transferred to the separation device 5 via the second transfer path 13. In the separation device 5, the dried rice hulls and the moisture-absorbing rice hulls are separated and discharged separately. The dried paddy discharged from the separation device 5 is transferred to and stored in the grain storage silo group 3 via the sixth transfer path 21 or the seventh transfer path 2
After drying in the next stage through 5, it is transferred to the silo group 3 for grain storage and stored or prepared. After drying to a moisture content of 20% or less during storage in the grain storage silo group 3, the quality is hardly degraded even if the heating and drying are performed. On the other hand, the moisture-absorbed rice husks discharged from the separation device 5 are transferred to the rice husk drying device 7 via the third transfer path 15. In the rice husk drying device 7, forced drying is performed by high-temperature air (preferably about 80 ° C.). The drying of the rice hulls in the rice husk drying device 7 is performed by forced drying at a sufficiently high temperature.
It kills harmful microorganisms such as pests, bacteria, and mold attached to the rice hulls, and also has the effect of preventing harm to raw rice by these pests. The forced dry chaff regenerated and discharged by the chaff drying apparatus 7 is transferred to the grain storage silo group 3 via the fourth transfer path 17 and temporarily stored. The forced dry rice hulls stored in the grain storage silo group 3 are transferred to the mixing device 1 via the fifth transfer path 19, and are mixed with the brought-in raw rice. The forcedly dried chaff discharged from the chaff drying apparatus 7 may be directly transferred to the mixing apparatus 1 without being transferred to the grain storage silo group 3. In addition, hulling machine 9
Is transferred to the rice husk drying device 7 via the eighth transfer path 27 and the third transfer path 15, and is used through the same steps as the regenerated rice hulls. If the supply amount of the rice husks from the huller 9 is sufficient, only the new forced dry rice hulls may be used without using the regenerated forced dry rice husks.

When the normally dried rice hulls are stored in the silo group 3 for grain storage, they are put into the rice hull tank 1b via the fifth transfer route 19 and used as dried rice hulls,
It is also possible to use the transfer path 13 to bypass the separation device 5, pass through the third transfer path 15, pass through the rice husk forced drying device 7, and store the dried rice husks in the silo group 3 for grain storage as forced dry rice husks. Here, the ordinary dry chaff is a chaff obtained by milling dried chaff having a water content of about 15%, and has a water content of about 10%.

First, second and sixth transfer paths 11, 13, 21
The elevators 29, 31, and 33 provided in the above are bucket elevators for transferring paddy and the like discharged from below each device upward. Next, the inventors conducted various mixing and drying experiments of cereals and dried rice hulls. The raw rice with a moisture content of about 25% and the forced dry rice hulls with a moisture content of about 1% were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2. After mixing and 24 hours had passed, the water content of the paddy was almost 20%. In the case of a mixing ratio of 1: 1, it was about 22%.

Further, after the main drying experiment, the material was dried by heating to a water content of 15%, and the germination rate, the degree of fatty acid, and the occurrence of cracks were examined. Almost no occurrence was observed, and good results were obtained. In another experiment, raw rice having a water content of about 24% and ordinary dry rice hulls (water content 10%) were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2, and the water content of the rice after 24 hours passed was about 21%. From this result, it is possible to dry the raw rice to the expected moisture content by increasing the mixing ratio of the rice husks even when using the normally dry rice husks. Therefore, the present embodiment apparatus can be used also with the normally dry rice husks.

However, when forced dry rice husks are used, the harmful microorganisms and the like adhering to the rice hulls are removed, the mixing ratio of the rice hulls can be small, and the mixing ratio of the rice husks becomes small, so that grain storage is difficult. That the use efficiency of the silo for
There are various advantages such as a reduction in the load on the apparatus required for separation and transfer of rice husks and a reduction in operating costs.

Although the mixing apparatus 1 is used in this embodiment, the high moisture grains and dried rice hulls are simultaneously and directly injected into the silo for storing grains at a predetermined ratio without using the mixing apparatus, thereby allowing the natural mixing. You may. In addition, the ventilation device 53
Need not necessarily be provided in all silos. It is sufficient to provide only the silos where the mixture is stored and dried.

As described above, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments at all, and can be implemented in various modes without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0032]

As described in detail above, the grain drying apparatus of the present invention
Location, in order to use the dried rice husk as a dry material, grain at room temperature, an extreme reduction in germination rate since it is dried slowly,
There is no occurrence of quality deterioration such as an increase in the fatty acid content of the bran layer or occurrence of body cracks. In addition, since the object to be dried is not repeatedly transported and charged into the silo for drying and tempering, no physical damage occurs here. By avoiding the quality deterioration and physical damage that impair the taste, the taste is remarkably improved as compared with the conventional one.

Further, since the high-moisture cereal and the dried rice hull are mixed and charged into the silo for storing grains, it is not necessary to dry the high-moisture area before the silo is stored in the silos for storing grains , and the country elevator can collect cargo. Silo capacity even when concentrating
Is sufficient to receive the goods without any restrictions.
can do. In terms of cost, respond to concentration of pickup
Ventilation bins and associated equipment provided for
Is not necessary, so the installation area of the country elevator is
It is possible to reduce the cost and construction cost. Running costs and
Because high-moisture area drying is performed without using thermal power
And the ventilation is the same as before (1.5 / 100 kg of grain)
100m ³ / sec) compared to 100m ³ / sec.
The amount can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Mixing apparatus, 1a ... Grain tank, 1b ... Rice hull tank, 3 ... Silo for grain storage, 3a ... Silo for grain storage, 5 ... Separation apparatus, 7 ... Rice husk drying equipment, 9
... huller, 11 ... 1st transfer path, 13 ... 2nd transfer path, 15 ... 3rd transfer path, 17 ... 4th
Transfer path, 19: fifth transfer path, 21: sixth transfer path, 23: next-stage drying device / preparation device, 25
..Seventh transfer path, 27 ... Eighth transfer path, 43a,
43b ... rotary valve,

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Shigeo Sunaga 1-1, Sanbonmatsu-cho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Japan Inside Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Etsuo Kamiyama 1-1-1, Sanbonmatsu-cho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Japan (56) References JP-A-56-7792 (JP, A) JP-A-3-91689 (JP, A) JP-A-57-38191 (JP, U) JP-A-61-52185 (JP, A) , U) JP 44-31138 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F26B 5/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-moisture grain and the dried chaff are mixed at a predetermined ratio.
Mixing device that mixes at the same time, and silos for grain storage that dry while storing the mixture
And a separation device for separating cereals and rice hulls; and a high-moisture cereal discharged from the mixing device and dried rice husks.
A transfer path for transferring husks to the grain storage silo; and a mixture of grains and rice husks discharged from the grain storage silo.
A transfer route for transferring the compound to the separation device, a huller, a chaff storage, a chaff forced drying device, and supplying the chaff from the huller to the chaff forced drying device.
Supply of rice hulls from transfer route and rice husk storage to the rice husk forced drying device
Transfer path and rice husk from the grain storage silo to the rice husk forced drying device
And a transfer path for supplying
Drying equipment. 2. The grain drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rice husks discharged from said separation apparatus are subjected to said rice husk forced drying equipment.
A transfer route for transferring the grain discharged from the separation device to the grain storage site;
Transfer to the next drying step with or without b
Before and feed path, a forced drying chaff discharged from the chaff forced drying apparatus
The mixing device with or without a storage silo;
Characterized by having a transfer path for transferring to a storage
Drying equipment. 3. The grain drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
A blower for blowing air to the inside of the grain storage silo.
A grain drying apparatus, comprising: 4. A cereal according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
In a drying device, a next-stage drying device for heating and drying the grain , and the grain discharged from the separation device through a storage silo.
Transfer process to transfer to the next stage drying device with or without intermediary
A grain drying apparatus, comprising: a road; 5. A cereal according to claim 1, wherein
In the drying apparatus, the grain storage silo includes a plurality of silos,
Storage purpose, semi-dry grain temporary storage purpose, dry grain storage
Can be used arbitrarily from the purpose and rice husk storage purpose
A grain drying device, characterized in that: