JP2988714B2 - Method for hydroponics of plants and cultivation apparatus and system for implementing the method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for hydroponics of plants and to an apparatus and a system for implementing said method.

Various methods, devices and systems of this kind have been developed to date. However, all of the above methods and devices are described in US Pat. No. 3,118,891, for example, by keeping plant roots immersed in a nutrient solution as disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,739,522. As disclosed, it has been based on the action and structure of any way that the roots of the plant are surrounded by a growth medium that is sometimes saturated with the nutrient solution, for example by immersing the growth medium in the nutrient solution. . In either of these conditions, the exchange of nutrient solution around the roots of the plant is very slow. As a result, the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the roots and the removal of waste products from the roots are inadequate, and therefore the conditions for plant growth are inadequate.

The conditions for the plant roots to absorb water and exchange the required amounts of nutrients and oxygen for waste products should be as suitable as possible to minimize plant stress. Experiments have shown that this is one of the crucial factors in the effort to optimize the growth of E. coli.
Furthermore, the relative humidity and oxygen accessible by the roots are maintained while keeping the required nutrients in a form accessible to the roots in a stable and low concentration while at the same time keeping the waste products containing waste salts as low as possible. It has been shown by experiments that maintaining a high percentage that is always constant is suitable for such conditions. Furthermore, it is clear from the above experiments that very low concentrations of nutrients are sufficient, provided that the nutrient concentrations are maintained at a sufficiently high content to ensure the desired absorption of the required nutrients.

Therefore, in order to supply a high concentration of oxygen that is accessible to the roots of the plant and at the same time to quickly remove waste products and to stably supply fresh nutrients of the required composition and concentration, the The continuous and rapid exchange of nutrient solution around the root is of utmost importance. A major advantage resulting from the continuous and rapid exchange of nutrient solution around the roots of the plant is that it minimizes nutrient concentrations and waste salt concentrations around the roots, thereby reducing the required This means that it is possible to reduce the osmotic pressure outside the root, which impedes water absorption, while maintaining the nutrient supply.

DK Patent Application No. 4420/79 filed October 19, 1979
Discloses a method and apparatus for overcoming this problem. In this patent, a porous cultivation substrate surrounded by a bag-shaped plastic film is provided in such a manner that water containing an additive necessary for growing a plant is continuously supplied to the cultivation substrate and the water is supplied to the cultivation substrate. It is used to develop the roots of a single plant via being collected and recycled from under the bottom. However, the manufacture of the device and the mounting of the device in a system containing a large number of the devices is very time-consuming and therefore relatively expensive.

It is an object of the present invention to disclose an improved and simplified method for cultivating a plurality of plants simultaneously, and a cultivation apparatus and a system for carrying out said method.

The method of the present invention comprises:-a drip irrigation pipe having outlets spaced at regular intervals along the length of the pipe, between a pair of flat juxtaposed layers made of impermeable material in a cultivation apparatus. Inserting along the first closed longitudinal edge of the cultivation device; and substantially removing the drip irrigation pipe and the cultivation device with respect to the first closed longitudinal edge. Suspending on at least one suspending means placed at a substantially horizontal height, further comprising the pipe being disposed adjacent to the at least one suspending means, and further comprising: A part is suspended from said suspending means; and-a plurality of plant roots are put between two juxtaposed layers of said cultivation device, each said plant root being one downstream of each irrigation pipe outlet. Wherein each stem of the plant is Extending through a cutout made in one of the two layers; continuously feeding a nutrient solution through the drip irrigation pipe and the outlet, and directing the solution to the roots of each plant; -To allow the nutrient solution to quickly penetrate the roots of the plant and to recycle or discharge excess nutrient solution after infiltration;
Removing and collecting the excess solution downstream of the root, thereby maintaining a very thin film of fresh osmotic nutrient solution containing low concentrations of nutrient salts and waste products on the root surface, almost 100% Producing optimal conditions for the roots of the plant, comprising: surrounding the film with an atmosphere having a relative humidity and a high oxygen content.

By means of the method of the invention described above, rapid exchange and infiltration of nutrient solutions is achieved within a nearly completely enclosed root compartment, whereby the regulation of the root environment is very easily achieved and the plant roots Prevention of salt precipitation at any of the above locations. Furthermore, the method of the invention is very suitable for cultivating a plurality of plants simultaneously under equal and constant conditions.

Preferably, the method comprises using a nutrient solution having a nutrient concentration carefully regulated to be well below 2 per 1000, in an amount of at least 0.1 / h, preferably 0.25 / It is characterized by feeding the nutrient solution in quantities of h or more, so that a very rapid plant growth is usually obtained.

In the case of using a very simple cultivation device consisting of one flat stretched tubing suspended on one suspension means, the upper part of the cultivation device is moved by longitudinal displacement means. , Are arranged to be proportionately inclined with respect to a vertical plane including the suspending means. This ensures good contact between the roots of the plant and the nutrient solution during the early stages of cultivation. In order to ensure said inclination, one displacing means, namely a wire, is hung down, this displacing means can be shifted laterally while supporting the upper part of the cultivation device in an inclined form. It is.

The collection of the nutrient solution after infiltration is carried out by means of one flat, closed along the bottom edge except for the discharge opening located at the lowest point of the bottom edge of the cultivator and closed along its top edge Simplified by using plastic tubing.

A series of transverse flow paths having said pair of flat juxtaposed layers sealed at intermediate lines or sections provided longitudinally of the juxtaposed layer, and for the passage of nutrient solutions and root development; By using a cultivation device that forms between the said intermediate zones, it is possible that good contact between the roots and nutrients can be obtained, even with freely cultivating devices.

In use of one flat stretched plastic tubing, each closed longitudinal edge of the tubing has
A single drip irrigation pipe is provided along the length of each edge, and each of these closed edges and each pipe is suspended by separate suspension means. An intermediate part of the cultivation device flexes down between them. A nutrient solution is supplied through each of the drip irrigation pipes, penetrates towards the central part of the cultivation device and is discharged from the discharge opening of the cultivation device. A very suitable method for growing small plants such as lettuce, strawberries, beans and some cut flowers is obtained, in which the plants are distributed over the top surface of the growing device. It is possible to be.

The cultivation apparatus of the present invention comprises: a pair of flat juxtaposed layers made of a water-impermeable material and rollable, each of said two layers being a first longitudinal edge and a second longitudinal direction. The two layers are interconnected at least along their first longitudinal edges and substantially on suspension means along the interconnected first edges. At least one of the two layers is arranged along its length and made near the first edge for inserting the roots of a plant. Characterized by having small cutouts.

It should be emphasized that no cultivation substrate is inserted between the two layers and that a very inexpensive cultivation device for cultivating a large number of plants simultaneously is obtained.

One preferred embodiment of the cultivation device according to the invention comprises:-a flat stretched tubing of a rollable plastic film comprising a closed first longitudinal edge and a closed second longitudinal direction. And the tubing is mounted so as to be lowered onto one suspension means along the closed first longitudinal edge thereof; and Adapted to insert one drip irrigation pipe inside the tubing along a first longitudinal edge, wherein the plastic tubing is a layer of at least one of the two juxtaposed layers of tubing. Adapted to insert the roots of a plant through small cutouts penetrating through and through the closed first edge near the first edge; and the second closing of the plastic tubing The lowest vertical edge The location is provided with a discharge opening for discharging the nutrient solution after infiltration, characterized in that the cultivation device is very easily made into a seamless shape by extrusion.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is that the two layers have a simple geometrical shape and are sealed in a sealing area regularly spaced along the longitudinal direction of the layers, Thereby said sealed area
A series of continuous transverse flows leaving a free flow path longitudinally along the first edge and the second edge and opening to these two vertically extending free flow paths; Forming a path, wherein said transverse flow path has a substantially flat cross-section and said cultivation device is suspended vertically in such a way that good contact between roots and nutrient solution is further ensured. It is particularly advantageous for use in the lowered position.

One of the advantageous embodiments of the cultivation device according to the invention comprises: a pair of flat juxtaposed layers made of a water-impermeable material and capable of being rolled up; Interconnected along one longitudinal edge; and further wherein the two layers extend along a sealing line extending transversely and spaced at regular intervals along the length of the layer. Each of said transverse sealing lines is fixed from a first location at a distance from said first edge of said layer and from a second longitudinal edge of said layer opposite thereto; The sealing line thereby leaving a longitudinal free flow path extending along the first edge, and the sealing line extending in the transverse direction. A longitudinal free channel separated from each other by a sealing line and at the first edge Opened to open and the second edge against, form a continuous flow path of a series of transverse, - the transverse channel is characterized by having a substantially flat cross section.

The resulting device can be used to grow a plurality of plants simultaneously, each used for the growth of one individual plant, and a series of transverse directions to pass through the penetration of the nutrient solution. And therefore,
This is advantageous in that it minimizes the risk of spread of the disease between each root.

One of the preferred embodiments of the cultivation apparatus according to the invention consists of:-one rollable flattened plastic tubing;-a pair of flat juxtaposed layers of said tubing, Interconnected along each of a first longitudinal closed edge and a second longitudinal closed edge located on opposite sides of the material; the two flats of the tubing; A further juxtaposed layer is further sealed along a sealing line extending transversely and spaced at regular intervals along the length of the tubing; The first of the tubing
Extending between a first location located at a distance from the edge and a second location located at a distance from a second longitudinal edge of the tubing opposite thereto; The sealing line leaves a longitudinal free flow path, and each of the free flow paths extends along a length of each one of the closed edges of the tubing and is defined by the transverse sealing line. It is characterized in that it forms a series of continuous transverse channels which are separated from one another and open to both of said longitudinal channels.

This embodiment is highly advantageous because of its low cost and also because it has a separate longitudinal channel for collecting and passing excess nutrient solution from all of the transverse channels.

The cultivation device is intended to be used in a vertically suspended position with no need for cultivation bases, using a transverse channel extending in a vertical plane. As a result, a fresh nutrient solution can quickly penetrate through each transverse channel, thus maintaining optimal and uniform conditions for the growth of each plant.

Preferably, the device is made by simply welding together continuously blown plastic tubing along the transverse sealing line, and then dividing the tubing into lengths suitable for each purpose. Therefore, the device has a simple structure and is manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, the device is easy to install and use, thus minimizing the overall cost of plant cultivation. Further, the device may be made of one or more plastic films co-located in a flat juxtaposition, or other foldable non-woven fabric such as waterproof paper or other waterproof fabric. It is also possible to be made of a permeable material. The interconnection and adhesion may be performed by any known method. The materials used are
It is preferably of a type that is impermeable to light. It is further preferred that the material is of a light-reflective type that minimizes the amount of heat collected in the cultivation apparatus. In one advantageous embodiment of the cultivation device according to the invention, the tubing can also consist of a thermally insulating material, such as a foamed film material or an otherwise formed porous film material. , Thereby reducing the heat transfer that occurs through the tubing and achieving economical use of the heated nutrient solution.

One further preferred embodiment of the cultivation apparatus according to the invention is comprised of:-one rollable and flattened plastic tubing;-a pair of flat juxtaposed layers of said tubing, Interconnected at each of a first longitudinal closed edge and a second longitudinal closed edge located on opposite sides of the tubing; the two flattened tubing of the tubing; A side-by-side layer is sealed along two parallel longitudinal sealing area rows, wherein the sealing area of each row is located at a distance from one of the closed edges of the tubing. A second location located on the same side as the first location, at a distance further from the closed end and at a distance from the centerline of the tubing; Between the closed edge lines, A longitudinal free channel extending each along one of the lengths and a longitudinal free central channel extending between the two parallel rows of closely spaced sections; The rows form two sets of continuous transverse flat channels separated by the cohesive zone from each other and open to the corresponding vertical outer channel and the central longitudinal channel. It is characterized by forming.

This embodiment is particularly suitable for outdoor plant cultivation because its cultivation device is very easily mounted in a stable position so that it can resist the action of wind. Further depending on the preselected arrangement, this embodiment
It allows rainwater to be collected and absorbed in the cultivation device, or it can be drained as needed.
Further, depending on the plant to be cultivated, simply by placing more plants along the length of each transverse channel, without having to correspondingly increase the contact area with the plant, It is possible to increase the number of cultivated plants per unit length of the cultivation device.

The sealed area divided into the transverse flow path may be a point, an annulus, or a simple geometry, such as a straight line or curve, extending perpendicularly, diagonally or parallel to the length of the tubing. It has a geometric shape.

One embodiment of a cultivation apparatus having two parallel rows of sealed areas, which is particularly important from a manufacturing point of view, is that the sealed areas of the two rows are substantially symmetric about the center line. And is formed as a line inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tubing. Thus, the two sides of the cultivation device exhibit the same properties during the production of the system and during its production.

In one embodiment of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention having a transverse sealing line, the transverse sealing line has an acute angle of 0 ° to 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the cultivating apparatus, preferably 0 ° to 90 °. 45
A straight line inclined at an acute angle of ゜, most preferably at an acute angle of about 10 °. Thus, when the cultivation device having the transverse flow path oriented in a substantially vertical plane is suspended, the nutrient solution keeps penetrating through the transverse flow path relatively quickly. In order to maximize the growing area left above the cultivation device at a height within a predetermined range, for example inside the greenhouse roof, said angle should be as small as possible. Thereby, the height of the cultivation device between the upper longitudinal edge and the lower longitudinal edge of the cultivation device is as low as possible for a given length of the transverse channel. .

Depending on the type of plant to be cultivated, the ratio between the length and the width of the transverse channel is determined. However, for most applications, the size of the transverse flow path from one longitudinal flow path to the other longitudinal flow path is about 3 to 5 times the size of the transverse flow path in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation apparatus. Being enough is enough.

The width of the longitudinal channel between the closed edge of the tubing and the row of sealed areas depends on the way of feeding the nutrient solution, e.g. for the dimensions of the supply pipe used, for the roots Gap is selected based on the clearance required for the collection and discharge of water after infiltration. But for most applications,
It is sufficient that the sealed area extends 20 to 80 mm from the first closed edge of the layer of tubing that has been flattened. On the other hand, the sealed area is far from the second edge or center line of the layer or tubing (for example 80-300 m).
m distance) is desirable.

In most cases, the above simple form of cultivation device will perform well, but it may be advantageous to provide the cultivation device with an additional longitudinal seal along a longitudinally extending sealing line. is there. Each of these additional seals extends from the top end of one transverse seal line toward the adjacent seal area, at a location near the adjacent seal area and near the adjacent longitudinal flow path. To reach. Thus, this additional sealing portion is gently sloped relative to the inside of the adjacent transverse flow path, thereby providing an inlet for nutrient solution from the adjacent longitudinal flow path to each of said transverse flow paths. To form a flow path for

This applies in particular to cultivation devices having a very wide transverse flow path which is delimited by a sealed area which extends at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation device. The above arrangement is
Ensure proper delivery of the supplied nutrient solution to the root contact area of the inserted plant. Any nutrient solution supplied by the supply pipe in the region of the transverse flow path between two adjacent sealed areas will pass through the flow path formed by the gently sloping additional sealing line, Transferred to the channel. It is therefore easier to set up the plant such that the supply of nutrient solution reaches the contact area of the inserted root.

It should be emphasized that such a cultivation device is used without any kind of cultivation substrate therein, thus eliminating all costs and disadvantages due to the cultivation substrate. Furthermore, the storage and transportation costs of the device are kept to a minimum. In addition, all of the cultivation equipment and plant material can be burned after a short air drying period after use.

According to yet another feature of the present invention, the cultivation apparatus includes:
For the insertion of plants, at least one of the cultivation devices at the end of each transverse channel near the longitudinal channel at the first longitudinal edge or near the longitudinal outer channel. One small cutout through the layers is provided separately. According to yet another feature, the outlet of the excess nutrient solution from the longitudinal channel located at the second closed edge of the cultivating device or from the central longitudinal channel outside the device as an outlet for the device. At least one opening is provided separately. These cutouts and openings can be made before or during installation of the cultivation device.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an improved system for hydroponics wherein the initial and operating costs are kept at a very low level while a high degree of functional safety is achieved. It is to be.

The system of the present invention comprises: a collection tank for the nutrient solution; and- by adding the required amount of water, macro and micro substances to said nutrient solution, the nutrient salts required for plant growth and other Control means for continuously measuring and adjusting the content of additives; pumps and pipes for continuously delivering said nutrient solution to the objects; and And at least one gutter for collecting and sending to said collection tank.

The system of the present invention further comprises:-a plurality of the cultivating devices of the present invention;-a supply pipe having a length at least equal to the length of the cultivating device, and a number corresponding to the number of the cultivating devices, wherein: A plurality of spaced apart outlets, each in a longitudinal channel provided in a first edge of the device or in a longitudinal outer channel of the device. And each of the cultivation devices including the supply pipe is hung and hung on the supply pipes, whereby each cultivation device passes through the lower vertical flow path thereof. With a slight incline towards the gutter and such that the outlet from the lower longitudinal channel is located just above the gutter,
And a suspending means for suspending the cultivation apparatus and each inserted supply pipe in a form arranged above the gutter and transversely to the gutter.

The structure of the whole system of the present invention is very simple. In particular, by using a supply pipe which is also inserted into and supports a simple cultivation device, a very reliable and very simplified system is realized. At the same time, the installation of this system and the insertion of the plant takes place in a very simple manner, thus saving a lot of working time compared to other systems.

In one advantageous embodiment of the system according to the invention, said suspending means comprises:-at least one suspending member, such as a rope or a wire stretched between at least two columns, wherein A suspending member positioned at a height sufficient to hold a bottom just above the top of the gutter; and, optionally, at a suitable location along the length of the cultivation apparatus. Gripping means for gripping around the periphery of the cultivating device and the upper part of the cultivating device holding the supply pipe, thereby clamping the cultivating device to the hanging member.

As a result, without stressing the supply pipe,
The cultivation device is held at an appropriate position by the suspension member. Furthermore, it is easy to attach or detach the cultivation apparatus to or from the suspension member together with the supply pipe.

In yet another advantageous embodiment of the system according to the invention: the suspension means is tucked between two pillars and at a position below the supply pipe inserted into the cultivation device and further on both sides of the device Held close to each other,
Consisted of two parallel wires, the suspension means being further suspended by a string inserted below the wire and the supply pipe and secured to mounting means located above the cultivation device; It consists of a gripping means, such as a hook, whereby said suspension means supports the cultivation device and the plant inserted therein, and the top of said plant is fixed to said string.

Through the use of this structure, it is possible to set up a cultivation device between the two wires by means of a first longitudinal channel comprising a supply pipe located directly above the two wires. As a result, a very stable suspension of the cultivation device is realized. Of course, the cultivation device can also be suspended along a supply pipe in the upper longitudinal channel on a single wire located inside the upper channel.

Even though the hanging wires are tight, they are slightly curved downward when the cultivation device is loaded. Therefore, the second vertical flow path at the bottom of the device is inclined from both ends of the cultivation device toward the central portion, and the central portion of the lower vertical flow channel occupies the lowest position. become. It is therefore, of course, advantageous to locate this lowest point above the gutter and to make an outlet from the second longitudinal channel at said point.

When the system of the present invention is used in a cultivation device subjected to wind, the system is cultivated such that it is not forced to move by a wind from a suspended position suspended in a substantially vertical direction. It is advantageous to have the feature of having further support means for supporting each of the devices. In this context, one embodiment of the further support means comprises at least one suspension means stretched between the columns at a height above the lower longitudinal channel, and the support means And a number of anchoring elements, such as hooks, clamps, bands or pins, which secure the cultivation device against the cultivation device.

Further in this connection, anchoring means for holding the cultivation device, such as a string, net or tape, may be fixed to an anchor block or suspension member fixed in a position below the cultivation device.

In a system consisting of a cultivation device having two rows of enclosed areas, the suspending means pushes down or compresses the central part of the cultivation device so that the cultivation device can resist the action of wind. At least one suspension or weight member. Advantageously, said weight member is at least one sand-filled hose which is fixedly arranged on a central part of said cultivation device.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the system comprising a cultivation device having two rows of sealed areas comprises an outer plastic tubing surrounding said cultivation device and held by an intermediate holding means, said outer plastic tubing comprising: Closed at each end of the cultivation device, thereby forming a small greenhouse substantially around the cultivation device.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of embodiments of the present invention.

1 and 2 illustrate one preferred embodiment of the cultivation apparatus 10 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, only the central part of the cultivation apparatus is shown in a cut-off form. Cultivation equipment 10
Consists of a flat expanded plastic tubing 1
This tubing 1 has a closed first longitudinal edge 2 located on the opposite side and a closed second longitudinal edge 3 located on the lower side. The opposing layers 4 and 5 of the flattened tubing 1 are sealed to one another along a parallel transverse sealing line 6, which seal line 6
Extends in the transverse direction of the tubing 1 and is inclined at an acute angle α to the longitudinal direction CC of the tubing 1. Each of the transverse sealing lines 6 extends between two points separated by some distance separately from each of the closed longitudinal edges 2, 3, whereby the closed longitudinal edges 2 , 3 are formed in two opposite longitudinal free channels 7,8. Between these longitudinal free passages 7, 8, the tubing 1 is divided into several flat transverse passages 9 arranged parallel to one another, these transverse passages 9 being transversely sealed. Separated from each other by a line 6, but two
The two longitudinal channels 7, 8 open at their ends.

The two opposing layers 4, 5 of the plastic tubing 1 overlap one another in a plane. Initially, the transverse channel 9 and the longitudinal channel are such that the cultivation device can assume the shape of a rolled-up seamless tube (not shown).
7,8 are completely empty. The tube can be perforated (not shown) to facilitate cutting the tubing 1 into appropriate lengths,
Each of the cut tubing 1 of suitable length forms an individual cultivation device 10. At the top of each of the transverse channels 9, a small cutout 11 is made in the layer 4 of the cultivation device 10, said cutout allowing the plant roots to be inserted into the longitudinal channel 9. . In the middle part of the lower longitudinal edge 3 an opening 12 is provided which serves as an outlet for discharging excess nutrient solution from the cultivation device 10.

Prior to using the cultivation device, a supply pipe 14 for the nutrient solution is inserted into the upper longitudinal channel 7. Thereafter, the cultivation device is mounted on the suspension means 15. The suspension means is in the form of two parallel wires 15 stretched horizontally between two columns 16 (see FIG. 4). These two wires 15 are arranged on both sides of the cultivation apparatus 10 and directly below the upper vertical flow path 7 into which the supply pipe 14 is inserted, and are kept close to each other. Thus, the supply pipe 14 is fixed by the two wires 15,
The rest of the cultivation device 10 is suspended from these wires.

Various types of supply pipes 14 can be used, provided that the supply pipes can transfer a continuous flow into each transverse channel 9, for example by drip irrigation. In this preferred embodiment, a supply pipe 14 of the type consisting of a fitted polyethylene pipe having an outlet 17 facing each transverse flow path 9 is used. Although such supply pipes are not part of the present invention,
However, it is included for clarity.

After the suspension of the cultivation device 10, the nutrient solution is
And is transported in a continuous flow to each transverse channel 9. Plant 18
Is inserted through the cutout 11, the root 19 of the plant is arranged inside the transverse channel 9, and the stem 20 and the top 21 of the plant extend through the cutout 11 to the outside of the cultivation apparatus. The nutrient solution quickly penetrates through the root 19 and is partially absorbed by said root. The remaining excess nutrient solution penetrates downwardly through the transverse channel 9 and is discharged at the bottom of the transverse channel 9 and is collected inside the lower longitudinal channel 8 of the cultivation device 10. Because the wire 15 on which the cultivation device 10 is mounted is suspended only at its both ends,
The wire 15 and thus the cultivation device 10 are bent downward. During collection of the nutrient solution in the longitudinal channel 8, the excess nutrient solution flows towards the opening 12 which serves as an intermediate outlet of said channel 8. Grip means, such as hooks 22, are inserted under the wires 15 to prevent the wires 15 from separating from one another and consequently the cultivation device 10 from slipping between the wires. This gripping means surrounds the wires and holds both of them under the upper longitudinal channel 7 which holds the supply pipe 14.

As shown in FIG. 4, a hook 22 is attached to a strap 23 attached to an attachment means 41 to support the top 21 of the plant 18.
Hanged by. The top 21 of the plant 18 is fixed to the string 23 in a manner known per se. When using the hook 22, one of the wires 15 can be omitted. Furthermore, it is possible to use only the hook 22 and the string 23 for suspending the cultivation apparatus. This is particularly suitable when using a rigid supply pipe 14. In such a situation, both wires 15 can be omitted.

FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the cultivation device 10 of the present invention, in which the transverse sealing line 6 extends substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction CC of the cultivation device 10. In this embodiment, an additional seal is formed at the top of each transverse flow path along a substantially longitudinally extending seal line 26 to provide a nutrient solution inlet near the cutout 11. . This additional sealing portion 26 extends from the end of one transverse sealing line 6 located on the upper longitudinal flow path 7 to a point some distance from the adjacent transverse sealing line 6 and Incline away from road 7. As a result, a flow path 27 from the vertical flow path 7 to the transverse flow path 9 is formed, and the flow path 27 further allows the nutrient solution to flow from the vertical flow path 7 to the transverse flow path 9. to enable. The cutout 11 is arranged above the channel 27 so that the inserted plant root 19 is located in the area near the channel 27.

Except for the transverse sealing line 6 and the additional longitudinal sealing part 26 oriented in different directions, the remaining part of the cultivation device 10 is described above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. As expected. Of course, an additional sealing portion 26 can be introduced in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, but with a transverse sealing line which is substantially inclined with respect to the machine direction of the cultivation device. For a cultivation apparatus having such a sealing part 26 is generally unnecessary.

FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of the improved system of the present invention for hydroponics of plants using the cultivation apparatus 10 of the present invention. The system of the present invention includes a plurality of parallel rows of cultivation devices 10, each of which has a pillar 16, 1.
Mounted on a wire 15 supported by 6 ', a supply pipe 14 is inserted into each cultivation device 10.
Additional suspending means in the form of hooks 22 are provided, which are inserted through the cultivation device 10 below the wires 15 and the supply pipes 14, said hooks being further suspended by a string 23 mounted in mounting means 41. Can be lowered. The nutrient solution is sent from the collection tank 30 to the individual cultivation devices 10 by the pump 32 and via the pressure pipe 31. The pressure pipe 31 is preferably led through a gutter 33, which extends transversely to the cultivation device 10 in the middle of the columns 16, 16 ′ standing in the ground 34 and reaches the collection tank 30.

The nutrient solution is conveyed to the supply pipe 14 in the cultivation device 10 through the vertical delivery pipe 35 facing the cultivation device 10. This vertical distribution pipe 35 can optionally extend through the transverse channel 9 of the cultivation device 10. In particular, in the case of an inclined transverse sealing line 6, the cultivation apparatus 10 is
Divided into two halves, each of these halves
It can be mounted on the supply pipe 14 on both sides of the gutter 33 and the distribution pipe 35 between 6, 16 ', preferably transversely opposite each other.

Exit at the bottom of each cultivation device 10 above the gutter 33
12 are formed. The collection tank 30 is provided with control means 36 including known measurement and distribution assemblies 37,38,39. At 37, the measurement assembly measures the content of nutrients and other additives required for plant growth in the nutrient solution contained in the collection tank 30. Further, the control means may be used to obtain a solution having a desired nutrient concentration,
At 38 controls the addition of water and at 39 controls the addition of necessary additives to the solution. Collection tank 30
Is equipped with a propeller 40.

To use this system, the cultivation apparatus 10 is attached to a supply pipe 14 and a wire 15. A suitable nutrient solution is prepared and circulated through the system by the pump 32 via the pressure pipe 31, the delivery pipe 35 and the supply pipe 14. The nutrient solution is fed from the supply pipe 14
It permeates through each of the ten transverse channels 9, flows out through the outlet 12 into the gutter 33 and is returned to the collection tank 30 for further recirculation.

Now the roots 19 of the plant 18 are inserted into the transverse channel 9. The circulating nutrient solution penetrates over the whole roots of the plant, said roots partially absorbing its water and additives.
The excess nutrient solution is returned to the collection tank 30 along with the waste products excreted from the plant roots.

In the collection tank 30, the nutrient solution is continuously monitored and adjusted by the control means 36. This collection tank 30 can be provided with additional rinsing means (not shown) for removing some of the waste products from the plant 18. In order to maintain the value below the defined standard, including the content of waste products excreted from the roots of the plant,
A predetermined amount of return solution is discharged intermittently or continuously.

FIG. 5 illustrates yet another embodiment of the cultivation apparatus 10 of the present invention. The cultivation apparatus 10 comprises two separate layers 4,5 of a fixed length material 1 made of sheet material overlapping each other, said layers 4,5 being transverse sealing lines as described with reference to FIG. 6 are sealed together. These two layers 4,5 are joined to the upper edge 2 of said layers, for example by welding or suturing, or by means of fastening elements arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction CC of the cultivation device. Interconnected along line 2 '. As in FIG. 1, a supply pipe 14 is inserted into the upper longitudinal channel 7 between the joining line 2 ′ and the transverse sealing line 6. In the lower part of the cultivation device 10, a pair of suspension wires 45 are arranged on both sides of the device, these suspension wires being stretched between two columns 16, 16 'as shown in FIG. Clamps 46 inserted through the two layers 4,5 and surrounding and securing the two suspension wires 45 are kept close together. The lower edges 3 of the two layers 4,5 are kept unjoined from each other, thereby leaving a longitudinal opening extending to the bottom of the cultivation device 10, so that an excess of nutrient solution is transferred to the soil or gutter (illustrated). Is not discharged).

In FIG. 6, the first having a support means in the form of a support cord 47 is shown.
An embodiment of the cultivation device 10 of the figure is shown. The support cord 47 is spirally wound around the cultivation apparatus 10 and is fixed to anchor means such as an anchor hook 48 fixed in an anchor block 49 in the ground 50. Preferably said string is made of a resilient material. Instead of the anchor block 49, it is possible to use a single suspension wire or rod 45 provided at the bottom of the cultivation device.

Further, instead of the clamp 46 of FIG. 5, one end of a plastic strip (not shown) is inserted through the layers 4, 5 and a suspension wire or rod 45 at the bottom of the cultivation apparatus.
, While the other end of the plastic strip is provided with an enlarged end member having a shoulder serving as a retainer. For example, by thermally sealing the two plastic layers 4, 5 in this area, a cutout with reinforced edges for inserting said plastic strip is provided in the flattened tubing. At the same time, the sealing line 6 is formed.

7 to 10 illustrate yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a cultivation device 10 consisting of flattened tubing 1 is provided with two parallel rows 62,63.
A transverse sealing line 6 is provided.
Are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal center line C and define two longitudinal outer free passages 7, 8 at opposite edges of the tubing 1.
Have a few. A supply pipe 14 for the nutrient solution is inserted into the channels 7,8. Vertical free center channel 90
Are provided between the two rows 62, 63 of the transverse sealing line 6. Transverse channels 9 between adjacent transverse sealing lines 6 in rows 62, 63 open to each of the longitudinal outer channels 7, 8 and to the central longitudinal channel 90; Thus, a flow path for the nutrient solution and the roots of the plant 18 is formed between them. At least one cut-out 12 serving as an outlet 12 for draining excess nutrient solution is provided in the central channel.

If this cultivation device is installed, supply pipe
Each of said edges 2,3 having a longitudinal outer channel 7,8 into which is inserted a pillar 16,1 as shown in FIG.
Mounted on oppositely suspended wires 15 each stretched at substantially the same height between 6 '. The middle part of the cultivation device 10 is suspended between the wires 15 and below them. In the middle of the pillars 16, 16 ', a band 29 surrounding the two wires 15 facing each other is tightly tied so as to draw these two wires towards each other. As a result, the bottom of the central part of the cultivation apparatus 10 occupies a position lower than the positions of both ends of the cultivation apparatus. Therefore, the line III-I in FIG.
The central channel 90 is inclined downward toward the outlet 12 as shown in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 8 and 9 along II and line IV-IV. Further, the weight of the suspending means 15 and the weight of the cultivation apparatus 10 including the supply pipe 14, the plant 18, and the nutrient solution push down the entire cultivation apparatus 10 into a curved state between the columns 16, 16 ', This further increases the slope. If the cultivation device 10 is installed outdoors, a weight member 24 in the form of at least one sand-filled hose can also be arranged above the central channel 90 of the cultivation device 10, whereby It promotes that the cultivation device 10 resists the action of wind. Use of this embodiment of the cultivation apparatus 10 is similar to that of FIG. 1 except that in this case two supply pipes 14 and two rows of transverse channels 9 are provided for each cultivation apparatus 10. It has already been disclosed in connection with the cultivation apparatus 10 of FIG. This embodiment is suitable for growing a plurality of plants in each transverse channel 9 because the cultivating device 10 is inclined transversely towards the central channel 90, whereby the cultivating device Intensive use of area.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 10 further comprises an outer plastic tubing 25 surrounding the suspended cultivation device 10. The outer plastic tubing 25 is an intermediate holding means 28
And this holding means 28 is in the form of three parallel wires suspended in a triangular manner between two end frames 52, each clamped on a post 16, 16 '. Thereby, said outer plastic tubing
25 is in the form of a roof located above the cultivation device 10. In this case, the wire 15 is also suspended between the two end frames 52. The outer plastic tubing 25 is placed over the three parallel wires described above and depressed by a weight member 51 inserted inside the bottom of the tubing 25. Instead of the three parallel wires, the holding means 28
Can also consist of a helically wound steel strap or another type of upwardly curved frame mounted on the top of the cultivation apparatus 10 or mounted in the end frame 52. At both ends of the cultivation device 10, the outer plastic tubing 25 can be closed outside the end frame 52, whereby this tubing 25
It is possible to ensure that a high temperature and a high relative humidity are maintained inside the inside.

FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment of the cultivation apparatus 10 of the present invention. The cultivation apparatus 10 consists of a flat stretched tubing 1 which is opposed to one another and has a closed first longitudinal edge 2 located at the top and a closed first longitudinal edge 2 located at the bottom. And the two facing layers 4, 5 of the middle part of the tubing 1 are not sealed at all in the middle part. The cultivation apparatus 10 is provided with a supply pipe inside the upper longitudinal flow path 7.
14 is used by being suspended above a single wire 15 inserted along, and the upper part of the cultivation apparatus 10 has a shape of a wire suspended obliquely below and parallel to the suspension wire 15. It is arranged in an inclined shape by the displacement means 55.
Optionally, the layers 4, 5 can be provided with pleats 56 which extend parallel, inclined or perpendicular to the length of the cultivation device 10. The effect of the pleats 56 is
On protrusions, such as 56, the nutrient solution flows following the pleats, thereby guiding water to the plant roots. Of course, such a suspension, as disclosed with respect to FIGS. 7 to 10, suspended on a wire 15 inserted into each of the longitudinal channels 7, 8 with two supply pipes. It would be possible to use the embodiment of the cultivation device 10, but in this case no displacement means 55 is used.

12a, 12b, 12c and 12d, in addition to the shape of the sealing area 6 described above, various geometrical shapes of the sealing area 6 applicable with the present invention. The shape is shown. The advantage of said shape of the sealed area 6 is that the layers 4,5
With the composition and thickness of the material, the method of suspending the cultivation device 10,
This means that differently shaped sealed areas can be selected depending on the type of plant grown in the device. Twelfth
In FIG. 12A, the sealing portion is ring-shaped, FIG. 12B is spot-welded, and FIG. 12C and FIG.
It is in the form of a short sealing line that is between 15 cm long and extends parallel, inclined or perpendicular to the length of the cultivation device 10.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective side view of one central part of a preferred embodiment of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention having an inserted supply pipe and supported by two wires suspended on columns, FIG. The figure is a sectional view along the line II-II in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a part of another embodiment of the cultivation apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of the system of the present invention including the cultivation apparatus of the present invention. The figure shows a schematic perspective side view of yet another embodiment of the invention comprising a pair of superposed layers of sheet material and having further suspension means for supporting the lower part of the cultivation apparatus, FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective side view similar to FIG. 5 of a preferred embodiment of the present invention supported by a helically wound cord secured to an anchor block, FIG. Plan view of a cultivation device having two sides,
8 is a cross-sectional view of the cultivating apparatus of FIG. 7 along line III-III, FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the cultivating apparatus of FIG. 7 along line IV-IV, and FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a part of a cultivation apparatus having two sides including tubing, FIG.
The figure shows a schematic perspective view of yet another embodiment of the invention in a simplified form without a sealing part and with a single hanging means inside the cultivation device and with displacement means, twelfth The figure is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the present invention showing a sealed area having various geometries. 1 ... tubing, 2 ... upper first longitudinal edge, 3 ...
Lower second longitudinal edge, 4,5 ... a pair of flat juxtaposed layers, 6 ... sealed area, 7,8 ... longitudinal channel, 9 ... transverse channel, 10 ... cultivation Device, 11 cutout, 12 discharge opening, 14 supply pipe, 15 hanging means, 16, 1
6 '... pillar, 18 ... plant, 19 ... root, 30 ... collection tank, 31 ... pressure pipe, 32 ... pump, 33 ... gutter, 35 ...
... distribution pipe, 36 ... control means.

Claims (16)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method of hydroponics cultivation of a plant, comprising: a drip irrigation pipe having outlets arranged at regular intervals along the length of the pipe; Inserting along the first closed longitudinal edge of the cultivation device between the flat juxtaposed layers of the cultivation device; and connecting the drip irrigation pipe and the cultivation device with the first closed vertical Suspending on at least one suspending means positioned at a level substantially horizontal to a directional edge, further comprising the pipe positioned adjacent to the at least one suspending means. The other part of the cultivating device is suspended from the suspending means; and roots of a plurality of plants are put between two juxtaposed layers of the cultivating device, and each root of the plant is connected to the irrigation pipe. The plant is located downstream of each one of the outlets Each stem the 2
Extending through a cutout made in one of the two layers; continuously feeding a nutrient solution through the drip irrigation pipe and the outlet, and directing the solution to the roots of each plant; The nutrient solution is quickly infiltrated into the roots of the plant, and the excess solution is removed and collected downstream of the root to recycle or drain the excess nutrient solution after infiltration, thereby reducing the concentration of nutrient salts and waste products Maintaining a very thin film of fresh osmotic nutrient solution on the root surface
Producing optimal conditions for the roots of the plant, comprising: surrounding the film with an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 100% and a high oxygen content. the method of. 2. Use of a nutrient solution having a controlled nutrient concentration, and supplying said nutrient solution in an amount of at least 0.1 / h, preferably at least 0.25 / h, to each plant. The method of claim 1, wherein: 3. The cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an upper portion of the cultivation apparatus is disposed so as to be inclined in proportion to a vertical plane including the suspension means by a vertical displacement means. 3. The method according to 2. 4. A flat plastic tubing closed along the bottom edge except for the discharge opening located at the lowest point of the bottom edge and closed along the top edge is used as a cultivation device. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
The method according to any one of the preceding claims. 5. A pair of flat juxtaposed layers spaced longitudinally of the layers and sealed together at intermediate lines or sections to form a plurality of intermediate sections;
5. A cultivation device according to claim 1, wherein a cultivation device is used which forms a series of transverse channels in each intermediate section for the passage of nutrient solutions and for the development of roots. Method. 6. A flat plastic tubing is used as a cultivation apparatus, each closed longitudinal edge of said tubing being provided with one drip irrigation pipe along the length of each edge. Each of the closed edges and each of the pipes is suspended by a separate suspension means, the middle part of the cultivation apparatus flexes down between them, and the nutrient solution passes through the drip irrigation pipe. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is fed through each and penetrates towards a central part of the cultivation device and is further discharged from a discharge opening of the cultivation device. 7. A roll-up of a pair of flat juxtaposed layers made of a water-impermeable material and rollable, each of said two layers having a first longitudinal edge and a second longitudinal edge. Wherein the two layers are interconnected at least along their first longitudinal edges and the first interconnected
Attached so as to be suspended substantially horizontally on suspension means along the edge, at least one of the two layers being arranged along its length for inserting plant roots and A cultivation device for hydroponics cultivation of a plant, characterized by having a small cutout made near the first edge. 8. A rollable flat expanded tubing made of plastic film is used as said pair of flat juxtaposed layers, said tubing being closed with a first longitudinal edge closed and closed. A second longitudinal edge, wherein the tubing is mounted to be suspended over one suspending means along the closed first longitudinal edge; Tubing is adapted to insert one drip irrigation pipe inside the tubing along the closed first longitudinal edge thereof, and further wherein the plastic tubing is Adapted to insert the roots of a plant through small cuts made through at least one of said two juxtaposed layers and made at regular intervals near said closed first edge The plastic tubing Cultivation device according to claim 7, characterized in that the lowest point of the longitudinal edges closed with the second, the discharge opening for discharging the nutrient solution after permeation is provided. 9. The two layers are sealed in a sealed area having a simple geometrical shape and spaced at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the layer, whereby the sealed area is , Leaving a free passage in the longitudinal direction along the first edge and the second edge, and a series of continuous transverse passages open to the two free passages extending in the longitudinal direction. 9. The cultivation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a flow path is formed, and the transverse flow path has a substantially flat cross section. 10. A rollable flat stretched plastic tubing is used as said pair of flat juxtaposed layers and a first longitudinally closed, longitudinally opposed layer of said tubing. The closed edge and the second longitudinal closed edge are respectively closed, the tubing is sealed along two parallel longitudinal sealed area rows, each of the sealed areas in the row Has a first position at a distance from one of the closed edges of the tubing.
And a second location at a greater constant distance from the closed edge of the flat tubing and at a constant distance from the centerline of the tubing. The row of sealed areas leaving a longitudinal free flow path, each of the longitudinal free flow paths extending along the length of each one of the closed edges, and a longitudinal free central flow A channel extends between two parallel rows of the sealed area, and furthermore, the two parallel rows of sealed areas are separated from each other by the sealed area and have a corresponding longitudinal outer channel and the longitudinal center. The cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein two sets of continuous transverse flat flow paths that are open to both the flow path and the flow path are formed. 11. A collection tank for a nutrient solution, and adding necessary amounts of water, macro and micro substances to said nutrient solution to reduce nutrient salts and other additives required for plant growth. Control means for continuously measuring and adjusting the content; pumps and pipes for continuously transporting said nutrient solution to the plant; and a collecting tank for collecting spent excess nutrient solution from the plant. A system for hydroponics cultivation of a plant comprising at least one gutter for feeding to a plurality of cultivation devices according to any one of claims 7 to 10, and a length of the cultivation device. Having a length at least equal to
A number of supply pipes corresponding to the number of the cultivation apparatus,
A plurality of spaced-apart outlets, each in a longitudinal channel provided at a first edge of the device or in a longitudinal outer channel of the device; Is inserted, and each of the cultivation devices including the supply pipe is hung on the supply pipes and hung, whereby each cultivation device has a lower vertical channel or a central channel. Above the gutter and slightly above the gutter so that the outlet from the lower longitudinal channel or the central passage is located directly above the gutter, respectively. A system for hydroponics cultivation of plants, characterized in that it comprises, in a transverse arrangement, suspension means for suspending said cultivation device and each inserted said supply pie. 12. The hanging means is at least one hanging member such as a rope or a wire stretched between at least two pillars, wherein a bottom of the cultivation apparatus is placed just above a top of the gutter. A hanging member positioned at a height sufficient to hold, and, optionally, at a suitable location along the length of the cultivating device, the cultivating device holding the supply member around the hanging member and the supply pipe. 12. The system according to claim 11, comprising gripping means for gripping around the upper part, thereby tightening and securing the cultivation device to the suspension member. 13. The suspension means is held between two pillars and at a position below a supply pipe inserted into the cultivation apparatus and further close to each other on both sides of the cultivation apparatus. Consisting of two parallel wires, wherein said suspending means was further suspended by a string inserted below said wire and said supply pipe and secured to mounting means located above the cultivation device, A hook comprising grip means, whereby said suspending means supports a cultivation device and a plant inserted therein, wherein the top of said plant is fixed to said string. Item 13. The system according to Item 12. 14. A separate support means for supporting each of the cultivation devices so as not to be forcibly moved, for example by wind, from a suspended position suspended substantially vertically. At least one stretched between said posts at a height just above said lower longitudinal channel.
And two fastening members, such as hooks, clamps, bands or pins, for fixing the cultivation device to said suspension member, and said further support means is provided below the cultivation device. 14. An anchor block fixed at the position of (1) and anchor means such as a string, net or tape to be fixed to the suspension member.
A system according to any one of the preceding claims. 15. The system according to claim 12, wherein said suspension means comprises a suspension member and at least one weight member which pushes down or presses down on a central portion of the cultivation apparatus. 16. A system for hydroponics cultivation of a plant according to any one of claims 11, 12, 13 and 15, comprising a supply pipe inserted into a longitudinally outer channel. Opposing closed longitudinal edges of the cultivation device are arranged on suspension members arranged on opposite sides and at substantially the same height, between and between the suspension members and the An intermediate portion of the cultivation device is located at a suspended position below the hanging member, and further includes an outer plastic tubing surrounding the cultivation device and held by an intermediate holding means, wherein the outer plastic tubing is cultivated. A system comprising a cultivation device according to any one of claims 11, 12, 13, 15 which is closed at each end of the device.