JP2979889B2 - Butt welding method and butt welding apparatus for metallic materials - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a butt welding of metal materials in a butt state, and more particularly to a method for butt welding of metallic materials.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a butt welding method and a butt welding apparatus for a metal material used for butt welding metal materials having different components .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When butt welding is performed on a metal material in a butt state, a local heating source such as a high energy density beam is applied to the vicinity of the butt portion of the two metal materials, and the two butted metal materials are butt-welded. The two metal materials are joined by melting and then solidifying.

In general, a high energy density beam has its energy concentrated at an extremely small point, and therefore, in order to perform good welding, it is necessary to accurately irradiate the beam at the abutting position. And when the beam irradiation position shifts,
One of the metal materials is melted side by side, and a part or the whole of the butted portion is not joined, so that the welding strength is remarkably reduced.

FIG. 9 shows a conventional butt welding apparatus for a metal material having a function of suppressing the occurrence of welding defects due to such a beam aiming position shift.

[0005] A metal material butt welding apparatus 51 shown in FIG. 9 is a processing head 56 of a laser processing machine for irradiating a laser beam 55 to a butt portion 54 of one metal material 52 and the other metal material 53 in a butt state. A camera 57 for observing a locally heated region by the laser beam 55; an image processing unit 58 for processing an image signal from the camera 57; and a laser processing machine based on an image processing result of the image processing unit 58. It has a structure provided with a processing machine control unit 59 for controlling the processing head 56 and the like.

When butt welding is performed on metal materials 52 and 53 in a butt state using the butt welding apparatus 51 for metal material having such a structure, a laser beam 55 is emitted from a processing head 56. A lever laser beam 55 is applied to the butted portion 54,
When the welding plasma 60 is generated,
After the metal materials 52 and 53 are locally melted and solidified, a weld bead 61 is formed and welded. During this time, the welding line formed by the weld bead 61 is captured as an image by the camera 57, and the image processing unit The welding line position determined by the image processing at 58 is
The position of the processing head 56 is controlled by inputting the result to a laser processing machine 9 and feeding it back to the laser processing machine.

[0007]

However, the control method in such a conventional butt welding apparatus 51 is to control the processing conditions, and the quality of the welding is determined by the accuracy of positioning the welding line or the laser processing machine. It is in principle unavoidable to be affected by accuracy. Further, only the beam irradiation position can be controlled by this method, and there is a problem that control that reflects the intensity and quality of the beam itself cannot be performed.

[0008] In order to directly determine the quality of welding quality, which is affected by various factors such as the beam irradiation position, beam quality, and intensity, monitoring of the welding phenomena itself is indispensable. There is a problem that it is desired to have a system for controlling a welding state by feeding back to a local heating processing machine such as a laser processing machine.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, the metal material containing component elements are different
Butt welding using a local heating source such as a high energy density beam in a butt state , the influence of various factors such as the irradiation position of the local heating source such as a beam, the quality and strength of the local heating source such as a beam, etc. Butt welding method and butt welding of metal materials that can directly determine the quality of the welding quality to be performed and prevent or minimize the occurrence of welding defects due to misalignment of the welding target It is intended to provide a device.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A butt welding method of a metal material according to the present invention is a method of locally welding a butt portion of a metal material in a butt state in welding metal materials having different element contents. Included in the welding plasma generated at the local heating site
Of the wavelengths of each element, relatively more than the other metal material
And characterized in that the means for solving the conventional problems described above by the structure where measured while butt welding at least one strong at a wavelength of Murrell elements, the metallic material of the present invention In an embodiment of the butt welding method, when the butt portion of the metal material in the butt state is locally heated and butt-welded, the wavelength of each element included in the welding plasma generated at the locally heated site is smaller than that of the other metal material. Butt welding can be performed while measuring the intensity of at least one of the wavelengths of the elements contained in a relatively large amount,
Similarly, in the embodiment, the local heating position may be controlled in accordance with a change in the intensity of the wavelength of the specific element included in the welding plasma.

Further, butt welding device for a metallic material according to the present invention, thrust a metal material containing components different elements
In a butt welding apparatus , a local heating source that locally heats and melts a butt portion of a metal material in a butt state, and a wavelength of each element included in a welding plasma generated at the locally heated portion, which is relatively higher than a partner metal material. Often
And characterized in that the means for solving the conventional problems described above by a structure provided with a plasma sensor for measuring at least one strong at the wavelength of elements contained, metal material of the present invention In the embodiment of the butt welding apparatus, a local heating source for locally heating and melting the butt portion of the metal material in the butt state, and the other metal of the wavelength of each element contained in the welding plasma generated at the local heating site A plasma sensor for measuring the intensity of at least one of the wavelengths of the elements contained relatively more than the material can be provided, and in the same embodiment, the welding plasma detected by the plasma sensor can be provided. Depending on the change in the intensity of the wavelength of the specific element contained, the positional relationship between the local heating source and the metal material that was brought into abutting state was determined. It can be configured to include a moving means for changing pairs manner.

[0012]

Since the butt welding method and the butt welding apparatus for a metal material according to the present invention have the above-described configuration, the butt-welded metal material is formed by using a local heating source such as a high energy density beam. When performing butt welding, the quality of welding quality, which is affected by various factors such as the irradiation position of the local heating source such as a beam, the quality and strength of the local heating source such as a beam, is directly judged online and in real time. Therefore, when the irradiation position of the local heating source such as a beam is directly determined and the target position of the beam is deviated, the position is corrected immediately so that the occurrence of welding defects is prevented or minimized. Thus, a high quality welded joint can be obtained.

[0013]

1 and 2 show an embodiment of a butt welding apparatus used for carrying out a butt welding method for a metal material according to the present invention. The butt welding apparatus for a metal material shown here is shown in FIG. Reference numeral 1 denotes one of the metal materials in the abutting state (here, the Mg content is relatively high 5).
000 series aluminum alloy) 2 and the other metal material (here, a 7000 series aluminum alloy having a relatively large Zn content) 3 by a laser processing machine that irradiates a laser beam 5 as a local heating source to a butted portion 4. Head 6
And the wavelength of each element contained in the welding plasma 7 generated at the locally heated portion by the laser beam 5,
g plasma sensor 8 for measuring the intensity of the wavelength of g, zinc plasma sensor 9 for measuring the intensity of the wavelength of Zn among the wavelengths of the respective elements contained in the welding plasma 7, and the plasma sensor 8 for the magnesium. And a data analyzing unit 11 for analyzing intensity data output from the plasma sensor 9 for zinc, and a processing machine control unit 12 for controlling a processing head 6 and the like of a laser processing machine based on a data analysis result of the data analyzing unit 11. Is provided.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a laser beam 5 emitted from a processing head 6 of a laser processing machine is processed by transmitting a laser beam emitted from a laser oscillator 13 via a beam transmission optical system 14. As a moving means for reaching the head 6, and as a moving means for relatively changing the positional relationship between the working material 6 for emitting the laser beam 5 as a local heating source and the metal materials 2 and 3 brought into abutting state, arrows A It has a welding position control direction drive unit 15 for relatively moving in the direction, and a welding direction drive unit 16 for relatively moving in the direction of the arrow B (or the opposite direction).

The following Table 1 shows the chemical compositions of the 5000 type aluminum alloy as one metal material 2 and the 7000 type aluminum alloy as the other metal material 3, especially the contents of magnesium and zinc.

[0016]

[Table 1]

Next, using the metal material butt welding apparatus 1 having such a structure, butt welding is performed on the metal materials 2 and 3 in the butt state to obtain a joint joint via the weld bead 17. In this case, a laser beam is generated from the laser oscillator 13, and the laser beam 5 transmitted by the beam transmission optical system 14 is emitted from the processing head 6.

The laser beam 5 moves at a predetermined speed in the direction of arrow B by the operation of the welding direction drive unit 16 while irradiating the butted portions 4 of the metal materials 2 and 3 in the butted state. Detects the plasma light in a state where the relative positional relationship with the welding plasma 7 generated at the locally heated portion is kept constant.

In the present embodiment, the wavelength of each element contained in the welding plasma 7 is mainly attributable to aluminum, but also includes the wavelength attributable to an additional element. Among them, the plasma sensor for magnesium 8 selectively detects the wavelength of magnesium, and the plasma sensor 9 for zinc selectively detects the wavelength of zinc to measure the respective intensities. Then, the measured signal is sent to the data analysis unit 11, and the temporal intensity change of each wavelength is continuously recorded.

FIG. 3A of FIG. 3 shows that the laser beam 5 is accurately irradiated on the butted portion 4 and the welding bead 1
Weld bead 17 when good welding takes place via 7
3B, and the distribution of the wavelength of the main additive element contained in the welding plasma 7 is shown in FIG. As is clear from FIG. 3B, the peak of magnesium contained in one metal material 2 which is a 5000 series alloy and the peak of zinc contained in the other metal material 3 which is a 7000 series alloy are increased. A peak is observed.
At this time, the intensity ratio of the plasma of magnesium and zinc is
It is almost proportional to the content in the metal materials 2 and 3.

FIG. 4 shows welding when the irradiation position of the laser beam 5 is shifted to the 7000 series alloy side, which is one of the metal materials 2, so that a part of the butted portion 4 is not melted, resulting in poor welding. FIG. 9 shows the formation state of the bead 17 and the wavelength distribution of Mg and Zn. As is clear from FIG. 4B, the intensity of the wavelength of zinc is relatively lower than the intensity of the wavelength of magnesium. Therefore, when such a wavelength intensity distribution appears during the welding operation, the welding position control direction driving unit 15 is operated to relatively move the irradiation position of the laser beam 5 to the other metal material 3 side, It is necessary to correct the irradiation position of the laser beam 5 so as to correspond to the butted portion 4, and it is of course possible to automatically execute such correction.

FIG. 5 shows a case where a part of the butted portion 4 is not melted due to a shift of the irradiation position of the laser beam 5 to the 5000 type alloy which is the other metal material 3, resulting in poor welding. FIG. 5 shows a state of formation of a bead 17 and a wavelength distribution of Mg and Zn. As apparent from FIG. 5B, it is clear that the intensity of the wavelength of magnesium is relatively lower than the intensity of the wavelength of zinc. Therefore, when such a wavelength intensity distribution appears during the welding operation, the welding position control direction driving unit 15 is operated to relatively move the irradiation position of the laser beam 5 to the one metal material 2 side. It is necessary to correct the irradiation position of the laser beam 5 so as to correspond to the butted portion 4, and it is of course possible to automatically execute such correction.

[0023] In this kind of butt welding, in order to obtain a sufficient weld strength, suppressing the positional deviation of the laser beam 5 below the minimum width of the weld bead 17, the abutting portion 4
It is necessary to make sure that there is no unjoined part in the horn. Conversely, as long as there is no unbonded portion, there is no problem in slight deviation, and the plasma strength of either magnesium or zinc can be reduced even under the condition where good welding is performed.

In this embodiment, since the minimum weld bead width is approximately 1.1 mm, the maximum bead width is 0.1 mm at the maximum.
A displacement of 55 mm is allowed. And 0.55m
It has been clarified by experiments of the inventors that the molten volume ratio becomes approximately 1: 0.4 when the distance is shifted by m. Further, the allowable range of the strength ratio varies depending on the cross-sectional shape of the weld bead 17, the composition of the metal materials 2 and 3, and the like, and needs to be determined in each embodiment.

FIGS. 6 to 8 show another embodiment.

In FIG. 6 to FIG.
Is a normal cold-rolled steel sheet, and the other metal material 3 is a galvanized steel sheet having a galvanized film 3a on the surface.

Therefore, in the case shown in FIG. 6A, in which the laser beam is accurately irradiated to the butted portions 4 of the metal materials 2 and 3 and good welding is performed, as shown in FIG. Is observed at a certain intensity shown in FIG. 6 (B). However, when the laser beam is shifted from the butted portion 4 to the cold rolled steel plate side, which is one of the metal materials 2, as shown in FIG. 7 (A), the wavelength of zinc is almost the same as shown in FIG. 7 (B). When the laser beam is no longer observed, and conversely, as shown in FIG. 8A, the laser beam is shifted from the butted portion 4 to the galvanized steel sheet side, which is the other metal material 3, as shown in FIG. The wavelength of zinc is observed at a higher intensity than when a proper welding is performed.

As described above, when butt welding is performed while measuring the intensity of the wavelength of only one element among the wavelengths of the elements contained in the welding plasma, the zinc in the case where good welding is performed is performed. Since the plasma intensity and the plasma intensity when it is shifted to the galvanized steel sheet side and the amount of change are different depending on conditions such as the weld bead shape and the plating amount,
It is necessary to determine the control range of the plasma intensity.

In each of the above embodiments, welding of aluminum alloys and welding of steel plates have been described. However, the present invention focuses on a specific wavelength contained in plasma and measures the strength while measuring the intensity. Is determined, and the present invention is not limited to the type of material to be provided for welding.

As described above, by measuring the change in the wavelength contained in the plasma being processed and its intensity, it is possible to determine to which side of the metal material the molten portion is shifted, and the amount of shift at that time. It is possible to detect online or in real time whether or not the welding is acceptable for performing good welding, and it is possible to reliably detect transition to welding failure or occurrence of welding failure.

Further, the detected data is fed back to the processing machine control unit, and the laser beam irradiation position is moved relative to the abutting portion of the metal material. By correcting the intensity ratio of the wavelength of zinc to be within an allowable range, and in the case of a later embodiment, correcting the intensity of the wavelength of zinc to be within an allowable range, good welding can be achieved. Can be performed stably.

[0032]

As described above, in the butt welding method for metal materials according to the present invention, when welding metal materials having different elemental components, the butt portions of the metal materials in the butt state are locally heated. At the time of butt welding, the wavelength of each element contained in the welding plasma generated at the locally heated part is more than that of the other metal material.
Since it was decided to while measuring butt welding at least one strong at the wavelength of the elements contained in pairwise many, butt welding using a metal material that is a state abutting localized heating source such as a high energy density beam In the case of welding, it is possible to directly know in real time online whether the welding quality is good or bad depending on various factors such as the irradiation position of the local heating source, the quality and strength of the local heating source, and the welding failure due to the displacement of the welding target position. It is possible to prevent or minimize the occurrence of the problem beforehand, and to achieve a remarkably excellent effect that high-quality welding can be automated. In addition, butting of metal materials according to the present invention In welding equipment, metal materials with different elemental content
In a butt welding apparatus , a local heating source that locally heats and melts a butt portion of a metal material in a butt state, and a wavelength of each element included in a welding plasma generated at the locally heated portion, which is relatively higher than a partner metal material. Often
Because was configured provided with a plasma sensor for measuring at least one strong at the wavelength of elements contained, resulting in remarkably excellent effect that is effective in the practice of the butt welding method of metal materials according to the present invention It is.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a slope of a metal material butt welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, particularly showing a metal material in a butt state and a processing head portion of a laser beam machine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of a butt welding apparatus for a metal material according to the present invention, and showing the entire butt welding apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a welding bead position when a laser beam is accurately applied to a butt portion of a metal material (FIG. 3A) and a diagram of Mg and Zn in one embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph ((B) of FIG. 3) which shows a plasma intensity.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a position of a welding bead when a laser beam is shifted to one metal material 2 side from a butt portion of a metal material in one embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 4A) 5) is a graph (FIG. 4B) showing the plasma intensity of Mg and Zn.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a position of a weld bead when the laser beam is shifted to the other metal material 3 side from a butt portion of the metal material in one embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 5A) 6) is a graph (FIG. 5B) showing the plasma intensity of Mg and Zn.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a weld bead position when a laser beam is accurately applied to a butt portion of a metal material in another embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 6A) and a plasma of Zn; Graph showing strength (FIG. 6)
(B)).

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a position of a welding bead when the laser beam is shifted to one metal material 2 side from a butt portion of the metal material in another embodiment of the present invention ((A in FIG. 7); 8) is a graph showing the plasma intensity of Zn (FIG. 7B).

FIG. 8 is an explanatory sectional view showing a position of a welding bead when the laser beam is shifted to the other metal material 3 side from the butt portion of the metal material in one embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 8A) 9) is a graph (FIG. 8B) showing the plasma intensity of Zn.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a slope showing a metal material butt welding apparatus in a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal material butt welding device 2 One metal material 3 The other metal material 4 Metal material butt portion 5 Laser beam (local heating source) 6 Processing head of laser processing machine 7 Welding plasma 8 Plasma sensor for magnesium 9 Plasma for zinc Sensor 11 Data analysis unit 12 Processing machine control unit 13 Laser oscillator 14 Beam transmission optical system 15 Welding position control direction drive unit (moving means) 16 Welding direction drive unit (moving means) 17 Weld bead

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification symbol FI G01N 21/71 G01N 21/71 21/84 21/84 Z // B23K 103: 10 (56) References JP-A-54-51097 (JP, A) JP-A-5-66202 (JP, A) JP-A-5-77074 (JP, A) JP-A-59-48644 (JP, A) JP-A-59-159065 (JP, A) (58) Survey Field (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B23K 26/00-26/08 G01N 21/71 G01N 21/84 G01J 1/42

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] In a welding of metal materials having different element contents, when a butt portion of a metal material in a butt state is locally heated and butt-welded, each butt of each element contained in a welding plasma generated at a locally heated portion is obtained . wave
Elements that are relatively large in length compared to the other metal material
Butt welding method of metal materials, characterized by the measured while butt welding at least one strong degree of wavelength. 2. A method of locally heating a butt portion of a metal material in a butt state by butt welding.
The butt welding while measuring the intensity of at least one of the wavelengths of the elements relatively more contained than the counterpart metal material among the wavelengths of the respective elements contained in the welding plasma generated at the local heating site, and performing butt welding. Butt welding method of metal materials. 3. The butt welding method for a metal material according to claim 1, wherein the local heating position is controlled in accordance with a change in the intensity of the wavelength of the specific element contained in the welding plasma. 4. A metal material having a different element content is struck by metal.
In a butt welding apparatus , a local heating source that locally heats and melts a butt portion of a metal material in a butt state, and a wavelength of each element included in a welding plasma generated at the locally heated portion, which is relatively higher than a partner metal material. Often
The at least one intensity at the wavelength of elements contained equipped plasma sensor for measuring butt welding device for a metallic material characterized. 5. A local heating source for locally heating and melting a butt portion of a metal material in a butt state, and a wavelength of each element contained in a welding plasma generated at the local heating portion, relative to a partner metal material. The butt welding apparatus for a metal material according to claim 4, further comprising a plasma sensor for measuring the intensity of at least one of the wavelengths of the elements contained in the metal material. 6. A moving means for relatively changing the positional relationship between a local heating source and a metal material brought into abutting state in accordance with a change in the intensity of the wavelength of a specific element contained in the welding plasma detected by the plasma sensor. A butt welding apparatus for a metal material according to claim 4 or 5.