JP2970607B2 - Wipe pattern generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating a wipe pattern signal used for special video effects.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating a wipe pattern signal by using a memory in which data of a wipe pattern is stored. In the apparatus, the wipe pattern data is represented by polar coordinates, and the data is compressed. The wipe pattern data is processed using a division circuit or a limiter to obtain soft wipe pattern data.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, on a television screen, there is a screen conversion technique in which different screens are displayed in various types of wipe patterns such as circles and diamonds. Among the conversion techniques, there is a soft wipe in which the outline of the wipe pattern has a width and the two screens are mixed.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for performing such a soft wipe digitally, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the example of FIG. In the figure, a horizontal drive signal HD and a vertical drive signal VD are supplied to respective sawtooth wave generating circuits 1 and 2. The sawtooth waves H and V are obtained from the sawtooth wave generating circuits 1 and 2 and are supplied to a coordinate conversion circuit 3 where the orthogonal coordinate data (x, y). Then, the coordinate data (x, y) is supplied to the graphic memory 4.

The graphic memory 4 stores, for example, data indicating a cone C having a cross section of the wipe pattern WP shown in FIG. That is, the height h of the cone C with respect to the coordinates (x, y) in the bottom surface D of the cone C is stored as data. For example, the height h ₁ is stored against the bottom surface D coordinates (x _1, y _1). Obtained by this graphic memory 4,
Data indicating the height h with respect to the coordinates (x, y) is supplied to one input terminal of the comparison circuit 5. The other input terminal of the comparison circuit 5 is supplied with a fader level L indicating which cross section of the cone C at which height, that is, which size of the wipe pattern WP is to be used. Then, the comparison circuit 5 compares the height h at the coordinates (x, y) with the fader level L, extracts a difference signal (h-L), and supplies the difference signal to the limiter 6. The difference signal from the comparison circuit 5 by the limiter 6 is, for example, as shown in FIG.
The soft wipe pattern signal W 'in which the portion below the "0" level is set to "0" and the portion above the "1" level is set to the "1" level is obtained. The signal W 'is supplied to an adder 8 and a multiplier 10 which constitute the video mixing circuit 7.
Supplied to The pattern signal W 'supplied to the addition circuit 8 becomes a signal 1-W', which is then supplied to a multiplication circuit 9 where it is multiplied by the video signal B. Then, a signal (1-W '). B shown in FIG. 11 is obtained. Then, the signal (1-W '). B is supplied to the adding circuit 11. Further, the pattern signal W ′ supplied to the multiplication circuit 10 is multiplied by the video signal A, and the signal W ′ shown in FIG.
・ A. This signal W'.A is supplied to the adder circuit 11, and is added to the above-mentioned signal (1-W '). B to extract the signal W'.A + (1-W'). B.

Therefore, the signal W'.A + (1-W ')
Based on B, for example, a soft wipe pattern as shown in FIG. 11 is formed. That is, FIG.
, A _W is a circular video portion of the video signal A, B _W is a video portion of the video signal B, and a hatched annular portion is a soft edge where the video signals A and B are mixed. Part S
E. The soft wipe pattern signal W 'of the video portions A _W and B _W and the soft edge portion SE along the line QQ, for example, is as shown in FIG. That is, the pattern signal W ′ is at the “0” level in the video section B _{W and} is at the “1” level in the video section A _W.
Then, the soft wipe pattern signal W ′ changes from “0” to “1” as the image portion B _W approaches the image portion A _W.
Gradually increases to levels. In this case, the rate of increase of the soft pattern signal W ′ from the video portion B _W to A _W can be adjusted by adjusting the gain of the comparison circuit 5 in FIG. That is, if the gain of the comparison circuit 5 is “1”, the rate of increase of the soft wipe pattern signal W ′ is equal to the slope of the cone C shown in FIG. When the gain becomes larger than “1”, the rate of increase of the signal W ′ becomes larger than the slope of the cone C, and becomes as shown by a dotted line in FIG. When the gain is smaller than “1”, the rate of increase of the signal W ′ is smaller than the slope of the cone C.

[0007]

In the above-described soft wiping apparatus, the data indicating the cone C whose cross section is the wipe pattern WP is very large, and the capacity of the graphic memory for storing the data is very large. There is a disadvantage that it becomes large. For example, the height of the cone is
As shown in FIG. 2, if the resolution is 2 ^10, the resolution of the base of the cone is 2 ¹¹ . Changing the aspect ratio of such a figure, for example, as shown by the dotted line, when four times the base, base is to that of the resolution of 2 ¹³ kinds.
In this case, the capacity of the graphic memory is such that the coordinates (x, y) are (13)
Bits, 13 bits), the address indicating this is 2 ¹³ × 2 ¹³ , and the height data is 10 bits, so that 2 ¹³ × 2 ¹³ × 10 ≒ 640 M bits, which is practical There is no sex.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a wipe pattern generating apparatus, comprising: first angle data indicating a contour of a wipe pattern in a polar coordinate system; and first distance data corresponding to the first angle data. Storage means for storing the first distance data at an address corresponding to the first angle data, and second angle data and second distance data indicating the position of each pixel on the display screen in a polar coordinate system; And the second
Pixel position data generating means for supplying the angle data of (a) to the storage means as data indicating the address of the storage means, and the second angle data generated by the pixel position data generating means being supplied to the storage means, Division means for dividing the second distance data output from the pixel position data generation means by the read first distance data, and multiplication for multiplying the output signal of the division means by the reciprocal of coefficient data indicating the width of the soft edge portion Means, and limiter means for limiting the level of the output signal of the multiplying means to a predetermined range, and outputs the output signal of the limiter means as wipe pattern data.

Further, the wipe pattern generating apparatus according to the present invention provides a wipe pattern generating apparatus for displaying a contour of a wipe pattern in a polar coordinate system.
Storage means for storing the first distance data of the first angle data and the first distance data corresponding to the first angle data at an address corresponding to the first angle data; and a display screen in a polar coordinate system. Pixel position data generating means for generating second angle data indicating the position of each pixel and second distance data and supplying the second angle data to the storage means as data indicating the address of the storage means; Multiplying means for multiplying first distance data read from the storage means by supplying the second angle data generated by the position data generating means to the storage means with coefficient data indicating the width of the soft edge portion; limitations and dividing means for <br/> dividing the second distance data output from the pixel position data generating means by the output signal of the means, the level of the output signal of the divider means to a predetermined range And a limiter unit that, and outputs an output signal of the limiter unit as wipe pattern data.

The storage means outputs information on the outline of the wipe pattern in accordance with the output signal of the pixel position data generation means,
The dividing means and the limiter means generate a soft wipe pattern signal according to the contour information and the output signal from the pixel position data generating means.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Prior to the description of the embodiments, the principle of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a polar coordinate expression of a wipe pattern which is a principle of the present invention. In the figure, WP indicates a wipe pattern, and in this example, it is a case of a heart shape. P ₀ is a reference point located in the wipe pattern WP, and straight lines extending from the reference point P ₀ to the contour of the wipe pattern WP are all points that intersect the contour of the wipe pattern WP only at one point. is there. l ₀ in the figure from the reference point P ₀ ,
This is a reference line extending to the right. P _c is a point where a straight line lθ extending from the reference point P ₀ to the contour of the wipe pattern WP intersects the contour of the wipe pattern WP. Polar coordinate data of the wipe pattern WP has a straight Erushita, the angle θ between the reference line l _0, the distance r between the reference point P ₀ and the intersection P _c.

FIG. 3 shows the case where the angle θ shown in FIG.
As theta, it is a diagram showing a storage example of a polar coordinate data storing the distance r between the reference point P ₀ and the intersection P _C as data.
In the case of the example in FIG. 3, the address Aθ is 2 ¹² = 409.
This is an example of six cases. In this case, the address Aθ is 2 ¹² as described above, and if the rectangular coordinates (x, y) are (13 bits, 13 bits) as shown in FIG. Is the radius of the circle α inscribed in the square of 2 ¹³ × 2 ¹³ , so that the data r has 12 bits. Therefore, the capacity of the graphic memory is 2 ¹² × 12 ≒ 48 kbits.

Next, a principle for forming a soft wipe pattern signal from the above-described polar-coordinated wipe pattern will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming a soft wipe pattern signal. In the figure, reference numeral 50 denotes a display screen, where A _X is a circular video portion by the video signal A, and _BX is a video portion by the video signal B. Also, an annular portion indicated by hatching is a soft edge portion SE, WP is the video portion A _X and concentrically, a wipe pattern whose outline is present in the soft edge portion SE. P ₀ is a reference point in the center position of the image portion A _X, l ₀ is the reference line. lθ is a straight line passing through the reference point P ₀ and having an angle θ with respect to the reference line l ₀ , W
₀ points straight lθ crosses the contour of the wipe pattern WP, W ₁ is that linear lθ crosses the contour of the image portion A _X,
W ₂ is linear lθ is a point which intersects the boundary between the soft edge portion SE and the video unit B _X.

First, the position (x, y) of a pixel on the straight line lθ
But the P ₀ as the origin, polar coordinates as a reference line l ₀ (theta,
(X ² + y ² ) ^1/2 ). And the origin P ₀
The distance difference Δr between the distance r between the point and the point W ₀ and (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 is calculated. Then, the point (θ, (x ² + y ² )
^1/2 ) is in the image portion A _X, that is, when Δr is equal to or less than a value obtained by subtracting r from the distance between the point P ₀ and the point W ₁ , the level of the soft wipe pattern signal W is, for example, 1.0. So that Also, when the point (θ, (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 ) is in the image area B _X, that is, when Δr is equal to or greater than the distance between the point P ₀ and the point W ₂ minus r, The level of the soft wipe pattern signal W is set to, for example, 0.0. Then, the point (θ, (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 ) is
It approaches ₁ in the point W _0, gradually decreases, the point ^{(θ, (x 2 + y} 2) 1/2) is, when a point W _0, i.e. △ when r is zero, the soft wipe pattern signal W
Is set to, for example, 0.5. Then, the point ^{(θ, (x 2 + y} 2) 1/2) is decreased as approaching from point W ₀ to the point W _2, when made the point W _2, the level of the soft wipe pattern signal W 0.0 So that

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the above-mentioned soft wipe pattern signal W and the distance difference Δr between points W ₁ and W ₂ .

In FIG. ₁ , a soft wipe pattern signal W between a point W ₁ and a point W ₂ can be expressed as a straight line as shown in the following equation (1). Here, the distance between the point W ₁ and the point W ₂ is S · r as described later.

[0017]

W = − ｛1 / (S · r)｝ △ r + 0.5 (1) Δr is the difference between the point (θ, (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 ) and the distance r. Therefore, △ r = (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 −r can be obtained, and when this is substituted into the expression (1), the following expression (2) is obtained.

[0018]

W = − {1 / (S · r)} ( (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 −r) +0.5 = − (1 / S) ( (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 / r-1) +0.5 (2)

Here, when enlarging or reducing the wipe pattern WP, the distance r may be multiplied by a variable coefficient k. Therefore, considering this coefficient k, △ r
= (X ² + y ² ) ^1/2 -k · r, the equation (2) becomes the following equation (3).

[0020]

W = − (1 / S) ( (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 /r−k+0.5) (3)

Now, the distance between the point W ₁ and the point W ₂ is represented by S ·
Although denoted by r, S is a variable coefficient, which is a ratio of the width of the soft edge SE to the distance r. Therefore, by changing the coefficient S, the width of the soft edge portion SE can be made variable. Since the coefficient S and the coefficient k are irrelevant, the width of the soft edge SE is constant even if the coefficient k is changed and the wipe pattern WP is enlarged or reduced, unless the coefficient S is changed.

[0022] As described above, the soft wipe pattern signal W ^{is, (x 2 + y 2)} 1/2 is equal to or less than the distance between the point W ₁ and the point P ₀ is 1.0, ( x ² + y ² )
^1/2, when it is more than the distance between the point W ₂ and the point P ₀ is
0.0. Then, (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 is the point W
Not less than the distance between the ₁ and the point P _0, equal to or less than the distance between the point W ₂ and the point P _0, the soft wipe pattern signal W is assumed that based on the above equation (3).

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment based on the above-described principle of the present invention. In the figure,
The rectangular coordinates (x, y) are converted by the coordinate conversion circuit 13 so that the above-described reference point P ₀ becomes the origin. Then, the signals X and Y subjected to the coordinate conversion are converted into polar coordinate conversion circuits 14.
Are provided to the angle calculation circuit 15 and the distance calculation circuit 16. Then, the angle calculation circuit 15 calculates angle data θ _S = tan ⁻¹ (Y / X) from the supplied signals X and Y. Then, the obtained angle data θ _S is added to the addition circuit 17.
To supply. When the figure is to be rotated, the adder circuit 17 adds an address offset value which is information on the angle at which the figure is to be rotated. The addition circuit 17
, The angle data θ _S is supplied to the graphic memory 18 as address data.

The memory 18 has the polar coordinate data (FIG. 3) as described above. Therefore, the distance data r corresponding to the supplied angle θ _S is read from the graphic memory 18.

Subsequently, the distance data r is used as a basis for a division circuit 19, an addition circuit 20, a multiplication circuit 21, and an addition circuit 2 to be described later.
2 is supplied to the arithmetic circuit 60 having Then, this distance data r is first supplied to the division circuit 19 in the arithmetic circuit 60. The division circuit 19 includes a distance calculation circuit 16
, Distance data (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 is supplied. In this division circuit 19, (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 /
r is calculated. Then, this (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 / r
Is supplied to the adder circuit 20, and -k is added thereto to obtain (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 / r−k. This (x
² + y ² ) ^1/2 / r−k
S is supplied to a multiplication circuit 21 for multiplying S, and (1 / S)
( (X ² + y ² ) ^1/2 / r−k) is calculated, and is then supplied to the addition circuit 22 to calculate − (1/2) shown in the equation (3).
^{S) ((x 2 + y} 2) 1/2 /r-k)+0.5 is obtained. Next, − (1 / S) ( (x ² + y)
² ) The signal indicating ^{1/2 /} r−k ) +0.5 is the limiter 23
Supplied to Then, the limiter 23 sets the level of the signal supplied from the adder circuit 22 to “1” or more to “1” and the level of “0” or less to “0”. Therefore, a soft wipe pattern signal W as shown in FIG. 5, for example, is obtained from the limiter 23.

Then, the soft wipe pattern signal W
Is supplied to the video mixing circuit 24, and the above-mentioned WA + (1)
−W) · B is obtained.

In order to store a large number of wipe patterns in the graphic memory 18 shown in FIG.
It is conceivable to increase the capacity of No. 8. However, in general, when the capacity of the memory is increased, the access time of the memory becomes longer, and the processing speed of the entire wipe pattern generator becomes slow. Therefore, the graphic memory 1
8 cannot be made so large, and the number of wipe patterns to be stored is also limited.

Then, an example in which a large-capacity graphic memory can be used and therefore a large number of wipe patterns can be stored will be described below.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. The difference between FIG. 7 and FIG. 1 is that a buffer memory is provided.

In the figure, reference numeral 25 denotes a graphic memory in which many types of wipe patterns are stored, and 26 denotes a high-speed buffer memory. Transfer addresses are supplied to the graphic memory 25 and the buffer memory 26. The transfer address is supplied to the graphic memory 25, and the address for selecting the wipe pattern is stored in the graphic memory 2.
5, only necessary ones of the graphic data stored in the graphic memory 25 are supplied to the buffer memory 26.
Is forwarded to Then, distance data r corresponding to the angle data θ _S supplied via the adding circuit 17 is obtained in the buffer memory 26.

According to the example shown in FIG.
Even if a large number of wipe patterns are stored in the graphic memory 25 with the large capacity of 5 in the graphic memory 25, the necessary wipe pattern data can be transferred to the memory 26 within one field period. Speed is not slow.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the present invention, and portions corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the difference between the example of FIG. 8 and the example of FIG.

In the figure, the distance data r of the graphic memory 18 is supplied to an arithmetic circuit 61. This arithmetic circuit 61
Includes multiplication circuits 27 and 30, addition circuits 22 and 28, and a division circuit 29. The distance data r is first calculated by the arithmetic circuit 61
Are supplied to the multiplication circuits 27 and 30. Then, the multiplication circuit 27 multiplies the distance data r by the coefficient k,
The multiplication circuit 30 multiplies the distance data r by the coefficient S. The multiplication result kr by the multiplication circuit 27 is supplied to the addition circuit 28. The output data (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 of the distance calculation circuit 16 is supplied to the addition circuit 28. Then, in this adding circuit 28, (x ² + y ² )
^{1 / 2-} kr is calculated, and this is supplied to the division circuit 29. The division circuit 29 is supplied with the multiplication result Sr obtained by the above-described multiplication circuit 30. The division circuit 29 outputs (1 / Sr) ( (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2.
−kr) is calculated. Then, the output data of the division circuit 29 is supplied to the addition circuit 22, and the result is-(1 / Sr).
( (X ² + y ² ) ^1/2 -kr) +0.5 is obtained.

It should be noted that in the above-described examples of FIG. 1 and FIG.
The figure memories 18 and 25 store reciprocal data 1 / r of the distance data r corresponding to the angle data θ _S , and output the reciprocal data 1 / r in response to the output signal of the adding circuit 17. You may. In this case, the division circuit 19
Instead of using a multiplication circuit that multiplies (1 / r) and (x ² + y ² ) ^1/2 , it is not necessary to use a multiplication circuit having a complicated circuit configuration.

A circuit for converting the aspect ratio and adding the pattern modulation signal may be added before or after the coordinate conversion circuit 13. Further, in the embodiment, the arithmetic circuits 60 and 61 are configured as illustrated, but other circuit configurations may be used as long as the arithmetic circuit of the formula (3) can be executed.

According to the above-described embodiment, in an apparatus for generating a wipe pattern using a memory in which a wipe pattern is stored, the wipe pattern data is compressed by expressing the wipe pattern by polar coordinates, and the wipe pattern is expressed by the polar coordinates. Since the expressed wipe pattern data is calculated to obtain the soft wipe pattern data, the memory capacity for storing the wipe pattern is small, and the soft wipe can be performed.

As shown in the example of FIG. 7, the use of a buffer memory has an effect that a soft wipe can be performed using a large-capacity graphic memory storing a large number of wipe patterns.

Further, since the wipe pattern is expressed in polar coordinates, the wipe pattern can be easily enlarged or reduced by changing the magnification k of the distance data r obtained from the graphic memory, and the offset value is simply added to the angle θ _S. Has the effect that the wipe pattern can be rotationally moved simply by adding.

[0039]

According to the present invention, in an apparatus for generating a wipe pattern using a memory in which a wipe pattern is stored, the wipe pattern data is compressed by expressing the wipe pattern by polar coordinates, and the wipe pattern data is expressed by the polar coordinates. Calculated wipe pattern data
Since the soft wipe pattern data is obtained, the memory capacity for storing the wipe pattern is small,
There is an effect that a soft wipe can be performed. Further, the width of the soft edge portion can be changed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a polar coordinate expression of a wipe pattern.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a memory for polar coordinate data.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of the number of bits between a polar coordinate expression and a rectangular coordinate expression.

FIG. 5 is a principle view of forming a soft wipe pattern.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a distance difference Δr and a soft wipe pattern signal W.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional apparatus for performing soft wipe.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the example in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of soft wipe.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the number of bits required to indicate a cone.

[Explanation of symbols]

14 ... polar coordinate conversion circuit, 18, 25 ... graphic memory, 6
0, 61 ... arithmetic circuit

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A first angle data indicating a contour of a wipe pattern in a polar coordinate system and the first distance data among the first distance data corresponding to the first angle data are the first angle data; A storage unit stored at an address corresponding to the data; a second angle data indicating the position of each pixel on the display screen in the polar coordinate system; and a second distance data. A pixel position data generating unit that supplies the data indicating the address of the storage unit to the storage unit; and the second angle data generated by the pixel position data generation unit is supplied to the storage unit. The first distance data read from the storage means
Multiplication means for multiplying the dividing means for dividing the second distance data output from the pixel position data generating means, the inverse of the coefficient data indicating the width of the soft edge portion in the output signal of said dividing means by said A limiter for limiting the level of the output signal of the multiplier to a predetermined range, and outputting the output signal of the limiter as wipe pattern data. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first distance data of the first angle data indicating the outline of the wipe pattern in the polar coordinate system and the first distance data corresponding to the first angle data is the first angle data. A storage unit stored at an address corresponding to the data; a second angle data indicating the position of each pixel on the display screen in the polar coordinate system; and a second distance data. A pixel position data generating unit that supplies the data indicating the address of the storage unit to the storage unit; and the second angle data generated by the pixel position data generation unit is supplied to the storage unit. and multiplying means for the said first distance data read from the storage means for multiplying the coefficient data indicating the width of the soft edge portion, said by the output signal of said multiplying means Dividing means for dividing the second distance data output from the pixel position data generating means; and limiter means for limiting the level of the output signal of the dividing means to a predetermined range, and wiping the output signal of the limiter means. A wipe pattern generation device for outputting as pattern data.