JP2964085B1 - Apparatus and method for treating waste solidified material - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely take out a sheet piece in a waste solidifying material recycling process. SOLUTION: The waste solidifying material treatment apparatus 1 includes crushers 3 and 5 for crushing waste solidified material having a sheet adhered to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material, and a crushed material obtained by the crushing device 5. y, a residue a having a size equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a powdery material b for recycling having a size equal to or less than a predetermined value, and a sheet piece c
Sorter 10 that separates the components and takes them out separately.
And a return mechanism for returning the residue a to the crusher 5, wherein the separation of the sheet pieces c is performed by air jetted upward from below. Since the sheet c is lifted by the air and separated from the residue a, it can be taken out without fail.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a discarded solidified material in which sheets are adhered to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material, and when crushed, the granular material and a sheet piece are mixed.
For example, the present invention relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method for processing waste gypsum board.

[0002] In the present invention, the waste solidifying material means that various powders and granules are kneaded with a liquid such as water, formed into a predetermined shape, dried and solidified, and sheets such as paper are adhered to at least one surface. For example, it refers to a building wall material or ceiling material to be discarded, which is obtained by solidifying plaster, plaster, or the like that can be crushed by a crusher.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to dispose of a solidified material, for example, a gypsum board (wall material in which paper is stuck on the surface of a gypsum formed into a flat plate), it is crushed by a crusher, and a gypsum block and a sheet piece as a sheet piece are discarded. Was dumped in landfills as industrial waste.

[0004]

The board wall material and ceiling material to be discarded, which are made of gypsum, plaster, etc., are converted into powdery and granular materials having a size within a predetermined range, and the sheet pieces are removed. It can be recycled as various materials. For example, in the case of gypsum, it can be recycled by using it as a soil conditioner or by solidifying again to form a gypsum board. However,
In the above-mentioned conventional processing method, it is difficult to take out only gypsum from the state where the crushed gypsum blocks are mixed in large and small, and the sheet pieces are mixed, and crush it into a granular material having a predetermined size. Gypsum board could not be recycled as a soil conditioner. Therefore, all of the waste must be dumped as industrial waste to landfills or the like, which causes problems such as environmental problems and high disposal costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to reliably separate crushed powders and sheets from the crushed powders and make the crushed powders have a particle size within a predetermined range that can be recycled. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for treating a solidified waste material that have solved the problem.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention according to the first aspect of the present invention relates to a waste solidifying material in which sheets are adhered to at least one surface of a plate material having solidified granular material. And a crusher for crushing the crushed material, the crushed material obtained by the crusher is received, and a residue having a size equal to or greater than a predetermined size, a recycle powder having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size, and a sheet piece are separated and taken out separately. And a return mechanism for returning the residue so as to be mixed into the crusher, and the sheet pieces are separated by air jetted upward from below and then suctioned. It is.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a primary crusher for crushing a waste solidified material in which sheets are adhered to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material, and the primary crushed material. A secondary crusher that accepts and crushes
A separator for receiving the secondary crushed material, separating a residue having a size equal to or greater than a predetermined size, a powdery material for recycling having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size and a sheet piece, and taking out each of the pieces; It comprises a return conveyor for returning to be mixed into the next crusher. The sheet pieces are taken out from the lower part by air jetted upward from below and suctioned.

[0008] Further, the present invention according to a processing method according to claim 3 comprises a crushing step of crushing a waste solidified material obtained by attaching sheets to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material to form a crushed product; A separation step of separating the crushed material into a residue having a size equal to or greater than a predetermined size, a recycle powder having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size, and a sheet piece and taking out each of the pieces; and returning the residue to be mixed with the crushed material. Consists of a residue repatriation process,
The removal of the sheet pieces is performed by separating the sheet pieces from the air jetted upward from below and suctioning them.

Further, according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a primary crushing method for crushing a waste solidified material obtained by attaching sheets to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material to form a primary crushed material. Step, a secondary crushing step of crushing the primary crushed material to form a secondary crushed material,
A separation step of separating a residue having a size equal to or greater than a predetermined value and a recyclable powdery material having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size and a sheet piece and taking out each of the pieces, and a residue return step of returning the residue to be mixed with the primary crushed material; The sheet pieces are taken out by separating them with air jetted upward from below and then sucking them.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A preferred embodiment of a waste solidifying material treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, FIG. 1 of the attached drawings is a schematic front view showing the arrangement of each part, FIG. 2 is a side view of the same, FIG. 3 is a vertical front view of the sorting machine, FIG. 4 is a vertical side view of the same, and FIG. FIG. 6 is an enlarged front view of a vertical section, FIG. 6 is an enlarged front view of a suction unit, and FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a waste solidifying material treatment apparatus 1 in which sheets are adhered to at least one surface of a plate material in which a granular material is solidified is disposed on an upper layer of a three-layer machine 1a. A primary crusher 3 having an input hopper 2 for mixing waste gypsum into a wall shape by kneading a waste solidifying material, for example, gypsum, forming a wall shape, drying and solidifying, and putting a gypsum board having a sheet adhered to its surface into a crusher. And a fixed-rate supply hopper 4 arranged in the middle layer of the machine 1a below the primary crusher 3 to receive the primary crushed material x obtained by the primary crusher 3, and discharged from the fixed-rate supply hopper 4. And a secondary crusher 5 for further crushing the primary crushed product x to form a secondary crushed product y. The processing apparatus 1 is disposed on the first floor of the machine base 1a below the secondary crusher 5, and has an upper sieve 6 having a predetermined size inside the case 9a, and a smaller screen than the upper sieve 6. The lower sieve 7 is arranged in parallel in two stages up and down, and after the secondary crushed material y is received on the primary sieve 6 from the receiving port 8, in a certain direction (described later from the receiving port 8 side). A reciprocating conveyer 9 for moving in the direction toward the recycle powder / granular material take-out port 18); A sorting machine 10 configured to take out a recycle powder b having a size and a sheet piece c formed by breaking the sheet, and mixing the residue a taken out of the sorting machine 10 into the primary crushed product x. Returned to the fixed quantity supply hopper 4 And a repatriation mechanism serving as repatriation conveyor 11 that.

Further, the sorting machine 10 is configured so that air is jetted upward from below the three steps 7a provided at the end of the lower sieve 7 through the eyes of the lower sieve 7. In the drawings, reference numerals 1b and 1c denote stairs for connecting the respective layers of the machine base 1.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the primary crusher 3 disposed on the upper layer of the machine 1a is provided with a first drive motor 12
And has a pair of crushing rotors 13 which are connected to the hopper 2 and are configured to crush a gypsum block obtained by previously crushing a waste gypsum board with a hammer or the like, which is input from the input hopper 2.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a secondary crusher 5 disposed in the middle layer of the machine 1a receives the primary crushed material x discharged from the primary crusher 3, and is supplied by the unit 4a. Quantitative feed hopper 4 that sends out a fixed amount every time
A crushing portion 14 that receives the primary crushed material x from the vicinity of one end thereof, secondary crushes the primary crushed material x inside, and discharges the secondary crushed material y from the vicinity of the other end;
A second drive motor 15 for driving a crushing mechanism (not shown) of the crushing unit 14 is provided.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG.
Is mounted on the upper part near one end of the case 9a.
Having the receiving port 8 for receiving the secondary crushed material y from the upper sieve 6 and the lower sieve 7 therein.
Are arranged in parallel, and the case bottom 1 near the other end of the case 9a
6 is provided with a return port 17 for removing the residue a, a recycle powder / granule outlet 18 for removing the recycle powder / granule b, and an air inlet 19. And a vibrating conveyor 9 provided with a sheet piece suction mechanism for separating sheets. In addition, the sorting machine 10
Is a pair of vibrating conveyors 9 supporting the vibrating conveyor 9 at four corners via springs 20 and a pair of vibrating units connected to the outside of the case bottom 16 of the vibrating conveyor 9 and fixed to the supporting frame 21 and rotating in opposite directions. And a motor 22.

As shown in FIG. 3, the end of the lower sieve 7 opposite to the receiving port 8 is gradually inclined toward the return port 17 and has three steps 7a on the inclined surface. In addition, the end of the upper sieve 6 opposite to the receiving port 8 is cut at a portion corresponding to the position closer to the step 7a. When the residue a moving on the upper sieve 6 reaches the end portion, the residue a rolls down on the stepped portion 7a and enters the return port 17. Further, the residue a moving on the lower sieve 7 enters the repatriation port 17 through the step 7a.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 5 and 6, the sheet piece suction mechanism has an outer end connected to an external air hose 23 and a step 7 of the lower sieve 7.
a suction port 24a corresponding to the suction port 24a is provided at the inner end of the pipe body 24b, a cyclone 26 connected to the suction section 24 by the air hose 23, and a cyclone 26. It is composed of a connected bag filter 27.

As shown in FIGS. 3, 5, 6, and 7, the suction portion 24 has an inner end fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the suction port 24a and a male spiral formed on the outer portion. It comprises a support bolt 28, an adjusting nut 29 having a female spiral screwed into the male spiral, and a suction portion support plate 30 disposed outside the case 9a. Edge 2 of the suction port 24a
Numeral 5 is formed on a curved surface so that turbulence is not generated in the sucked air. When the turbulence occurs, there is an inconvenience that the sheet pieces c are difficult to be smoothly sucked into the suction port. The pipe body 24b
The outer ends of the support bolts 28 are movably penetrated through the upper wall of the case 9a and the suction portion support plate 30. Then, by rotating the adjusting nut 29, the supporting bolt 28 is raised and lowered, and the suction part 24 is moved to the stepped part 7a.
And the suction port 24a is adjusted so as to have an interval at which the sheet piece c can be easily sucked.

As shown in FIG. 1, the cyclone 26 is a well-known member, and has a built-in suction machine (not shown), and takes in the sheet piece c sucked by the suction unit 24 through the air hose 23. The sheet piece c is accommodated in the sheet piece container 31 so as to be taken out, and the sucked air is sent to the bag filter 27.

As shown in FIG. 1, the bag filter 27 is a known member and has a configuration for removing dust such as gypsum powder contained in air sent from the cyclone 26.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the air inlet 19 is connected to the blower blower 32 by a blower hose, and is used to blow air from under each step 7a of the lower sieve 7. Provide. In this way, by injecting air upward from below each step 7a, each step 7a is ejected.
a of the sheet piece c on the suction port 24a.
Facilitates the suction operation to The air inlet 19, the air blower 32 and the air hose constitute an air blowing mechanism.

As clearly shown in FIG. 4, the spring 20 is of a known type, and has a function of being displaced when receiving a force in a predetermined direction and returning when the force is removed. In the vibration conveyor 9, the pair of vibration motors 22
Vibrated by the rotational driving force of the above, the residue a having a predetermined size or more, the recycle powder and granules b having a predetermined size or less, and the sheet piece c on the internal upper sieve 6, the lower sieve 7 or the case bottom 16 are respectively indicated by arrows. As indicated by A1, A2, and A3, the particles gradually move from the receiving port 8 side to the recycle powder material port 18 side by the motion of jumping up and down obliquely. Then, the secondary crushed material y entering from the receiving port 8 and riding on the sieve 6 is transferred to the powdery material outlet 1 for recycling.
8 starts moving toward the side 8 due to the vibration, and the residue a and the sheet piece c having a diameter larger than the mesh of the upper sieve 6 continue to move as they are, while the residue a having a diameter smaller than the mesh and a The granular material b falls from the eyes of the upper sieve 6 and moves further on the lower sieve 7. The residue a that moves on the lower sieve 7 in this manner is deposited on the lower sieve 7.
Since the diameter of the recycle powder particles b is smaller than the diameter of the lower sieve 7, it falls on the case bottom 16 and moves further.

As shown in FIG. 1, a silo 34 is provided outside the machine base 1a, which is connected to a recycling powder outlet 18 of the sorting machine 10 by a transfer hose 33 (shown by a dashed line). The separation machine 1 is passed through a transfer hose 33 by a suction machine (not shown) built in the silo 34.
The powdery material b for recycling separated by 0 is sucked and accumulated in the silo 34. The accumulated granules for recycling can be taken out from the valve 35.

As shown in FIG. 1, the return conveyor 11 serving as a return mechanism is for returning the residue a entering the return port 17 to the fixed-quantity supply hopper 4.

The operation of the waste board processing apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described. First, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a gypsum block including a sheet piece c obtained by crushing a waste gypsum board with a hammer or the like in advance is used as a machine base 1.
It is thrown into the feeding hopper 2 installed in the upper layer of a and crushed by the primary crusher 3 to form a primary crushed product x. The primary crushed material x is dropped into the constant-rate supply hopper 4 installed in the middle layer and sent, and is further sent to the crushing unit 14 by a constant amount by the constant-quantity supply unit 4a to form the secondary crushed material y by the crushing mechanism (not shown). . The secondary crushed material y discharged from the crushing unit 14 falls, and the receiving port 8 of the vibrating conveyor 9 of the sorting machine 10
From the inside.

Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, when the vibration motor 22 and the blower blower 32 are driven, the secondary crushed material y sent into the case 9a from the receiving port 8 is sieved on the upper side. 6 and move (arrow A in FIG. 5).
1), the residue a and the sheet c larger than the diameter of the upper sieve 6 move on the upper sieve 6 as it is, and fall from the end onto each step 7a of the lower sieve 7, and The slope of the step 7a falls. The heavy residue a enters the repatriation port 17 as it is, while the light sheet piece c is pulled by the suction force of the suction machine (not shown) of the cyclone 26 from the suction port 24a of the suction part 24 while falling down the slope of the step 7a. It is sucked. Here, the sheet piece c sliding down on the step portion 7a is sent below the step portion 7a from the air inlet 19 and rises by the air jetted upward through the eyes of the step portion 7a, so that it is separated from the residue a. , The suction force is applied to the suction port 24a. In addition, the residue a having a diameter smaller than the mesh diameter and the recycle powder b having a size equal to or smaller than a predetermined value fall from the mesh of the upper sieve 6 and further move on the lower sieve 7 (see the arrow A2 in FIG. 5). . This residue a
Is larger than the diameter of the lower sieve 7 and moves as it is, and enters the return port 17 through the step 7a in the same manner as the residue a on the upper sieve 6. On the other hand, the powdery granules b for recycling fall on the case bottom part 16 because they are smaller than the mesh size of the lower sieve 7 and move there (see arrow A3 in FIG. 5).
And enters the recycle powder / granule outlet 18.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 1, the recycle powder / granules b entering the recycle powder / grain outlet 18 are:
It is sucked through the transfer hose 33 by a suction machine (not shown) built in the silo 34, accumulated in the silo 34, and can be taken out when the valve 35 is opened. In addition, the residue a that has entered the return port 17 is returned to the fixed-quantity supply hopper 4 on the return conveyor 11, sent to the crushing unit 14 together with the primary crushed material x, and subjected to secondary crushing again. Further, the sheet piece c sucked into the suction unit 24 is
The air enters the cyclone 26 via the air hose 23 and is taken out and stored in the sheet piece container 31. The sucked air is sent to the bag filter 27 to remove gypsum powder and dust.

The waste solidifying material treatment apparatus 1 configured as described above is provided with a suction unit 24 which can be adjusted and advanced with respect to the upper surface of the lower sieve 7 above the step 7 a near the end of the lower sieve 7.
Is provided, and a blowing mechanism for blowing air below the stepped portion 7a is provided, so that the sheet c can be easily separated from the residue a, and the waste solidified material can be easily recycled. The residue a from the sorting machine 10 is converted into primary crushed material x
In this case, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to discard the residue a, and it is only necessary to incinerate and process only the sheet c.

The waste solidifying material processing apparatus 1 may be applied to a waste solidifying material different from a waste gypsum board material. Also, the crusher may be one instead of providing the two primary and secondary crushers 3 and 5 as in the above embodiment. Furthermore, it is not necessary to provide the upper sieve 6 only with the lower sieve 7.

Next, an embodiment of a method for treating a solidified waste material according to the present invention will be described.

The method for treating the waste solidified material includes a primary crushing step of crushing the waste solidified material having a sheet adhered to the surface to form a primary crushed material x, and crushing the primary crushed material x to form a secondary crushed material y.
A secondary crushing step, and a separation step of separating the secondary crushed material y into a residue a having a predetermined size or more, a recycle powder b having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size and a sheet piece c, and taking out each of them. And a residue return step of returning the residue a to the primary crushed material x. The removal of the sheet pieces c is separated by air that is jetted upward from below.
That is, it is suctioned and processed.

That is, when the above-described processing apparatus 1 is used, the primary crushing step is performed by the primary crusher 3 arranged in the upper layer of the machine 1a, and the secondary crushing step is arranged in the middle layer of the machine 1a. The separation is performed by the crushing unit 14 of the secondary crusher 5, the separation step is performed by the separator 10, the residue return step is performed by the return conveyor 11 which is a return mechanism, and the sheet c is taken out from the lower sieve 7 end. This is performed by air jetted upward from below each stepped portion 7a provided in the section, and then suctioned from the suction section 24 into the cyclone 26.

According to the processing method of the waste solidified material configured as described above, the separation of the sheet pieces c is performed by the air jetted upward from below each stepped portion 7a provided at the end of the lower screen 7. Since the separation, the separation of the sheet piece c from the residue a is assured, the waste solidified material can be easily recycled, and the residue a is mixed with the primary crushed material x to form the recycling powder and granules b. There is an advantage that it is not necessary to discard the residue a, and it is sufficient to dispose only the sheet c by incineration.

The above treatment method may be applied to a waste solidified material different from a waste gypsum board material. Further, the crushing step may be one step instead of the two steps of primary and secondary as in the above embodiment. Further, a device different from the processing device 1 may be used to realize this processing method.

[0035]

As described above, according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, the sheet pieces are lifted up by the air jetted upward from below to separate the sheet pieces and suck them. As a result, the separation and suction are ensured, and the recycle powder and granules are separated and taken out separately, so that the waste solidified material can be easily recycled. Since it is configured to be recirculated to the powdery material for recycling, no residue is generated and only the sheet pieces need to be incinerated or otherwise treated.

According to the present invention as set forth in claim 3 or 4, since the sheet pieces are lifted by the air jetted upward from below and separated and suctioned, the sheet pieces are separated and sucked. The waste solidified material can be easily recycled because the powder and granules for recycling are separated and taken out separately.In addition, the residue is mixed with the primary crushed material to make the powder and granules for recycling. Does not occur, and only the sheet pieces need to be incinerated for processing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing the arrangement of each part.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional front view of the sorting machine.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional side view of the same.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional front view of the same.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged front view of a suction unit.

FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the same.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste solidification material processing apparatus 1a Machine base 1b, 1c Stairs 2 Input hopper 3 Primary crusher 4 Quantitative supply hopper 4a Quantitative supply machine 5 Secondary crusher 6 Upper sieve 7 Lower sieve 8 Receiving port 9 Vibrating conveyor 9a Case 10 Sorting machine 11 Repatriation conveyor 12 First drive motor 13 Crushing rotor 14 Crushing section 15 Second drive motor 16 Case bottom 17 Repatriation port 18 Recycling powder and particulates outlet 19 Air inlet 20 Spring 21 Support frame 22 Vibration motor 23 Air hose Reference Signs List 24 suction part 24a suction port 24b pipe body 25 edge 26 cyclone 27 bag filter 28 support bolt 29 adjustment nut 30 suction part support plate 31 sheet piece container 32 blower blower 33 transport hose 34 silo 35 valve

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B09B 5/00 B09B 3/00 B02C 23/08

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A crusher for crushing a waste solidified material having sheets attached to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material,
A separator that receives the crushed material obtained by the crusher, separates a residue having a size equal to or greater than a predetermined size, a recycle powder having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size and a sheet piece, and takes out the respective pieces, and the residue. And a return mechanism for returning the mixture to the crusher, and the sheet pieces are taken out by separating the sheets by air jetted upward from below and suctioning the sheet pieces. Processing equipment. 2. A primary crusher for crushing a waste solidified material having sheets attached to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material, a secondary crusher for receiving and crushing the primary crushed material,
A separator for receiving the secondary crushed material, separating a residue having a size equal to or greater than a predetermined size, a powdery material for recycling having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size and a sheet piece, and taking out each of the pieces; The recycle conveyor for recycle to be mixed into the next crusher, and the removal of the sheet pieces is separated by air jetted upward from below, then suctioned, and the suction is performed. Processing equipment. 3. A crushing step of crushing a waste solidified material obtained by attaching sheets and the like to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material to form a crushed material, and converting the crushed material into a residue having a predetermined size or more and a predetermined size. A separation step of separating the powder and granules for recycling and sheet pieces having the following sizes and taking them out separately, and a residue return step of returning the residue to be mixed into the crushed material,
A method for treating a waste solidified material, wherein the sheet pieces are taken out by separating the sheets by air jetted upward from below and suctioning the separated pieces. 4. A primary crushing step of crushing a waste solidified material having sheets adhered to at least one surface of a plate material obtained by solidifying a granular material to form a primary crushed material, and crushing the primary crushed material to form a secondary crushed material A secondary crushing step, the secondary crushed material, a separation step of separating into a residue of a predetermined size or more, a recycling granule and a sheet piece of a size of a predetermined size or less and a sheet piece, and separately taking out the residue, And a residue return step of returning the mixture to be mixed with the primary crushed material. The waste solidified material is characterized in that the sheet piece is taken out by separating the sheet piece with air that is sprayed upward from below and then suctioning the sheet piece. Processing method.