JP2946294B2 - Joint structure of horizontal members in wooden buildings - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a joint structure of horizontal members such as a girder, a spar girder, a purlin, etc. according to a framing method, which is a traditional Japanese construction method for a house. The present invention relates to a joining structure capable of joining the above-mentioned transverse members having the same thickness firmly and with good earthquake resistance.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Japan is said to be a wooden culture in contrast to the European stone culture. Since ancient times, Japanese have used wood as a building material while making good use of the softness and strength of wood and the delicate beauty of wood grain. Was. Due to these circumstances,
The framing method of combining pillars, beams, girders, etc., made of wood in a general house, is still the mainstream of Japanese-style houses as a traditional Japanese house building method. A carpentry technique for joining members to each other is characteristic.

[0003] Of the above-mentioned carpentry techniques, a method of joining members in the longitudinal direction is called a joint, and typical examples of such methods include a method of perforating, dovetailing, and a stitching.
On the other hand, three square corners used for the framing method of general Japanese style houses,
Since the horizontal members such as three-and-a-half square and four-dimensional squares are so-called two-span, when forming a girder, a spar girder, and a purlin with the horizontal members, usually two or more horizontal members are used in the longitudinal direction. Must be used after joining.

[0004] The stool described above is a splice that joins a pair of horizontal members in which a half of the tip is cut off, and a male tree rests on a female cradle serving as a stool. It is ideal for large buildings because it is shaped and has a flat cross section that provides a wide support surface. Next, the dovetail joint is formed by forming a tenon called a tenon tenon at the tip of one horizontal member to be joined, and a dove tenon corresponding to the above dovetail at the distal end of the other joined horizontal member. Formed and joined to each other in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the shape of the ant tenon is formed so that the tip width of the tenon is wider than the base width of the tenon, and it is named ant tenon because the tenon resembles the constriction of the ant's torso. Have been done. Furthermore, the combination of the above two types of joints is called a perforated dovetail joint, a dovetailed ant tenon is formed on a perched male tree, and a dovetail mortise is formed on a female tree to join the two horizontal members. Is what you do. The dovetail joint is a joint in which the self-joining property of the dovetail joint and the strength of the perforated joint are combined, and is frequently used in wooden buildings.

[0005] Furthermore, the above-described knitting joint means that a tenon having a wedge-shaped portion is formed at a tip end of one of the transverse members to be joined, and the wedge-shaped portion is formed at a tip of the other joined transverse member. A mortise corresponding to the tenon shape having a mortise is formed, and the two transverse members are joined in the longitudinal direction. Also, it is said that the shape of the tip of the male tree, which is the wedge-shaped portion of the above-mentioned stitching, resembles the shape of a snake with a stitched neck, and is named as a stitching. And, this seam joint is also combined with the above-mentioned seam seam, thereby forming a seam called a seam seam joint, forming a bite on the male tree of the seam seam, and forming a tenon corresponding to the bite on the woman tree. Then, the two horizontal members are joined.

[0006]

The perforated dovetail joint and the perforated seam joint described in the above-mentioned prior art are often used as joints between members of a wooden building, but are more secure at actual construction sites. In order to enhance the performance, there are many cases in which the member is connected and reinforced by a gauze or a wing plate bolt as a reinforcing metal. However, even if reinforced as described above, if the frame is shaken violently by an earthquake, a typhoon, etc., the above-mentioned glazing and blade bolts may also come off, and the joint with higher earthquake resistance. Means are required.

On the other hand, in a conventional construction site, a horizontal member such as a girder, a spar girder, a purlin, etc., is joined on the ground to a required length by a dovetail joint or a sill joint, and a vertical member such as a through pillar is provided. It is pulled up on a rope by a rope or the like and laid horizontally. Here, the stool dovetail joint and the stool bite joint are designed to be able to withstand a pressing force from above vertically due to the joint structure. Since a push-up force acts on the portion upward and the joint may be released, the plate material is temporarily fastened with nails along the joint side surface of the joint lateral member and then pulled up. And
Since the method of removing the plate member after pulling up the horizontal member and removing the horizontal member has a disadvantage that members are slightly damaged and the implementation is complicated.

Further, the conventional stool dovetail and the stool stitch can resist the vertical pressing force as described above, but the vertical lifting force that pushes upward from the basement to the ground like a direct earthquake. Had a weak disadvantage.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and the like, and an object of the present invention is to lay on a vertical member such as a through column like a conventional perforated dovetail or perched seam joint. In this case, it is an object of the present invention to provide a joint structure of a horizontal member in a new wooden building having seismic resistance, which does not require reinforcement by temporary fastening of a plate material or the like and has a strong vertical push-up force.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, a joining structure of a horizontal member in a wooden building according to the present invention has the following configuration.

First, in the joint structure of a horizontal member in a wooden building according to the present invention, a stool receiving portion is formed at a distal end portion of one of the horizontal members, and the stool receiving portion is vertically lower than a distal end edge of the stool receiving portion. The left and right joining side faces of the tapered shape gradually expanding from the base of the tenon toward the tip end are formed on the female tree projecting end face formed at the same time, and a dove tenon that forms an upper surface continuously above the two joining side faces is formed. On the other hand, the left and right cutout side surfaces are expanded in a tapered shape gradually expanding toward the distal end from the exit end of the mortise, on the female tree recessed end surface formed vertically above the base end edge of the stool receiving portion. And a dovetail mortise having a notched bottom surface that gradually forms a divergent spread from the outlet end toward the tip below the two joining side faces is provided, and at the tip of the other horizontal member Is formed with a stool, and is located at the leading edge of the stool. An ant tenon with a dovetail shape formed on the female tree concave end face was formed on the male tree convex end face formed vertically upward, while vertically formed below the base end edge of the stool portion. It is a first gist that an ant mortise having an ant tenon shape formed on the female tree projecting end surface is formed on the male tree concave end surface.

Secondly, in the joint structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention, a stool receiving portion is formed at a tip end of one of the horizontal members, and the stool receiving portion is vertically lower than the leading edge of the stool receiving portion. A female tenon is formed on the protruding end face of the female tree, and a tenon including a neck extending from the base of the tenon with a constant cross-section and a wedge having a cross-sectional shape larger than the cross-section extending further from the tip of the neck is provided, On the other hand, the female tree recessed end face formed vertically above the base end edge of the stool receiving portion, a notch neck portion that extends in the distal direction from the exit end of the mortise and is notched by a constant cross section, A notched wedge portion extending further from the tip of the notch neck portion and having a notch wedge portion having a notch cross-sectional shape larger than the above-mentioned cross section is provided, and a stool portion is formed at the tip portion of the other horizontal member, and the stool is provided. Vertically above the leading edge of the part On the formed male tree protruding end face, a male tenon is formed in the shape of the male tenon hole formed in the female tree concave end face, while the male tree recess formed vertically below the base edge of the stool. A second gist of the present invention is to form a mortise in the shape of a tenon in the end face of the female tree projecting on the installation end face.

Further, in the joint structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention, the notch shape formed by the dovetail formed in the female tree concave end face is replaced by the dovetail shape formed in the female tree convex end face. In addition, the notch shape formed by the dovetail mortice formed on the concave end face of the male tree can be made three-dimensionally the same as the dovetail shape formed on the convex end face of the male tree.

Subsequently, in the joint structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention, the notch shape formed by the tenon mortise provided on the end face of the female tree is changed to the shape of the tenon provided on the convex end of the female tree. Further, the notch shape formed by the mortise hole formed in the male tree concave end face can be made three-dimensionally the same as the shape of the male mortise shape formed in the male tree convex end face.

[0015]

First, in the joining structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention, a stool receiving portion is formed at the end of one of the horizontal members to be joined, and a ant tenon and a female Ant mortises are provided on the concave end face, while a seat is formed at the tip of the other horizontal member, and a ant tenon is provided on the male male convex end face and a male mortise mortise is provided on the male male concave end face. The dove mortise of the male tree protruding end face is inserted into the dove mortise of the female tree concave end face, and the dove mortise of the female tree convex end face is inserted into the dove mortise of the male tree concave end face, respectively. The two lateral members are joined together, and the joint area between the two lateral members is increased as compared with the conventional perforated dovetail joint, so that the joint strength between the two lateral members is increased. Further, in the joining structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention, in addition to the pressing force from above in the vertical direction, even when the pressing force from below in the vertical direction acts, the dovetail mortise of the female tree protruding end face. However, since it acts so as to be further fitted into the ant mortise in the end face of the male tree recess, the earthquake resistance is improved. And
Accordingly, even when the two horizontal members are joined and pulled up on a vertical member such as a through column with a rope or the like, reinforcement by temporarily fixing a plate material or the like can be unnecessary.

Next, in the joining structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention, a seat receiving portion is formed at the tip of one of the horizontal members to be joined, and a stud and a female mortise are formed on the female tree projecting end surface. A mortise is provided at the end of the wooden recess, while a seat is formed at the tip of the other transverse member, and a mortise is provided at the end of the male protrusion and a mortise is provided at the end of the male recess. The male tenon of the male tree convex end face is inserted into the male tenon hole of the female tree concave end face, and the male tenon of the female tree convex end face is inserted into the male tenon hole of the male tree concave end face. Is to join the two horizontal members, compared to the conventional stool or joint
The joint area between the two lateral members is increased, and the joint strength between the two lateral members is increased. Further, in the joint structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention, in addition to the pressing force from above in the vertical direction, even when a pressing force from below in the vertical direction acts, the kama tenon of the female tree protruding end face. However, since it acts so as to be further fitted into the mortise in the end face of the male tree recess, the earthquake resistance is improved. Thus, even when the two horizontal members are joined and pulled up with a rope or the like on a vertical member such as a through pillar, reinforcement by temporary fastening of a plate material or the like can be unnecessary.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional dovetail joint. As shown in the figure, a stool receiving portion 30 is formed at the joining distal end of the female tree 28, and a vertically lower part of the distal end edge of the stool receiving portion 30 is a single flat female female protruding end surface 31, On the other hand, vertically above the base edge of the stool receiving portion 30, the left and right cutout side surfaces are expanded in a tapered shape gradually expanding from the outlet end portion toward the distal end, and continuous below the both joining side surfaces. A female tree recessed end face 32 provided with a dovetail mortise 33 is formed. Further, a stool portion 34 is formed at a joint end portion of the male tree 29, and the stool portion 34 is formed.
Vertically above the leading edge of the mortar, tapered left and right joining side surfaces are formed gradually expanding from the tenon base toward the tip, and a dovetail tenon 36 forming a bottom surface is provided continuously below the two joining side surfaces. A male tree projecting end face 35 is formed. On the other hand, a male flat concave end face 37 which is a single plane is formed vertically below the base end edge of the stool portion 34. Here, the female tree 28 and the male tree 29, which are the two horizontal members, are joined by inserting an ant tenon 36 of the male tree 29 into the ant mortise hole 33 of the female tree 28 from above and sitting on the female tree 28. Part 30
The stool 34 of the male tree 29 is placed and joined.
Here, since the dovetail joints in the two lateral members have the above-described structure, they are strong against tension and compression in the longitudinal direction of the joining and pressing force from above in the vertical direction, but strong from below in the vertical direction. It has a drawback that it is weak against the pushing force.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a manner in which a dovetail joint is used in an actual frame structure, and a girder member 25 is cross-joined to the upper end of a column 26 in a cross shape. Here, as shown in the drawing, the girder member 25 in which the dovetail joint is formed is formed at a position slightly extending from the column 26, and the extending member is joined to the female tree. One member is a male tree.

Next, FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional stool and joint. As shown in the figure, a stool receiving portion 40 is formed at the joining distal end of the female tree 38, and a vertically lower female edge projecting end surface 41 which is a single plane below the distal end edge of the stool receiving portion 40, On the other hand, vertically above the base end edge of the stool receiving portion 40, a notch neck portion 48 extending in a distal direction from the exit end portion of the mortise and cut out with a constant cross section is provided.
And a notch wedge portion 49 having a notch cross-sectional shape larger than the above-mentioned cross-section and further extending from the tip of the notch neck portion 48 to the above-mentioned cross-section. I have. Further, a stool portion 44 is formed at the joining front end of the male tree 39, and vertically above the front edge of the stool 44, a neck 50 extending from the tenon base with a constant cross section and a front end of the neck 50 are provided. The wedge portion 5 having a cross-sectional shape larger than the above-mentioned cross-section is further stretched.
1 is a convex end face 4 provided with a kama tenon 46
5 are formed. On the other hand, a male flat recessed end surface 47 that is a single plane is formed vertically below the base end edge of the seating portion 44. Here, the female tree 38 and the male tree 39, which are the two horizontal members, are joined by fitting the male tenon 46 of the male tree 39 into the male tenon hole 33 of the female tree 38 from above, and
The stool 44 of the male tree 39 is placed and joined to the stool receiver 40 of FIG. Here, since the stool-and-joint in both the horizontal members has the above-described structure, it is strong against tension and compression in the longitudinal direction of the joining and pressing force from above in the vertical direction, but strong from below in the vertical direction. It has a drawback that it has a weak push-up force.

On the other hand, FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a joining structure of a horizontal member in a wooden building of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the two horizontal members viewed from the joining tip direction, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of both cross members shown in FIG. Here, as shown in each of the above figures, a stool receiving portion 3 is formed at the joint end portion of the female tree 1, and the stool receiving portion 3 is provided with a front end from a tenon base vertically below the distal end edge of the stool receiving portion 3. The left and right joining side surfaces are formed in a tapered shape that gradually expands toward the right side, and a female tree projecting end surface 4 provided with a dovetail tenon 5 forming an upper surface continuously above the both joining side surfaces is formed. Right above the base edge of the stool receiving portion 3, the left and right cutout side surfaces are expanded in a tapered shape gradually expanding from the outlet end portion toward the distal end, and are formed continuously below the two joining side surfaces. A female tree concave end face 6 provided with a dovetail mortise 7 is formed. Further, a stool 8 is formed at the joining front end of the male tree 2, and right above the front edge of the stool 8, right and left tapered joining side surfaces gradually expanding from the tenon base toward the front end are formed. In addition to the above, a male tree protruding end face 9 provided with a dovetail tenon 10 continuously forming a bottom face is formed below the two joining side faces. On the other hand, vertically below the base edge of the stool 8, the left and right cutout side surfaces are expanded in a tapered shape that gradually expands toward the distal end from the outlet end portion, and are continuously formed above the two joining side surfaces. A male tree concave end face 11 provided with a formed ant mortise 12 is formed. Here, the female tree 1 and the male tree 2 which are the two horizontal members are joined to the ant tenon 7 of the female tree 1 and the ant tenon 12 of the male tree 2
The mortise 5 of the female tree 1 is fitted into the female tree 1, and the stool 8 of the male tree 2 is placed and joined to the stool receiving part 3 of the female tree 1.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the joining structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building of the present invention, and FIG.
7 is a front view of the two horizontal members shown in FIG.
6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. 6, and FIG. 9 is a plan view of both the horizontal members of FIG. Here, as shown in each of the above figures, a stool receiving portion 15 is formed at the joining front end of the female tree 13, and is vertically lower than the leading edge of the stool receiving portion 15 and is fixed from the tenon base. A female tree protruding end face 16 provided with a claw tenon 17 comprising a neck portion 54 extended by the cross-section and a wedge portion 55 extending further from the tip of the neck portion 54 and having a cross-sectional shape larger than the cross-section is formed. Vertically above the base edge of the stool receiving portion 15, a notch neck portion 52 extending in the distal direction from the exit end portion of the mortise and cut out by a constant cross section, and further extending from the tip of the notch neck portion 52. And a notched wedge portion 53 having a notched cross-sectional shape larger than the above-mentioned cross section.
The female tree recessed end face 18 provided with the 9 is formed. Furthermore, a stool 20 is formed at the joint end of the male tree 14, and vertically above the tip edge of the stool 20,
A tenon 22 comprising a neck 58 extending from the base of the tenon with a constant cross section and a wedge 59 extending further from the tip of the neck 58 and having a cross sectional shape larger than the cross section.
Is formed, while vertically extending below the base edge of the stool 20 and extending in the distal direction from the exit end of the mortise, is cut out with a constant cross section. And a notch wedge portion 57 having a notch cross-sectional shape larger than the above-mentioned cross-section and further extending from the tip of the notch neck portion 56 to form the male tree recessed end face 23 provided with the mortise hole 24. I have. Here, the female tree 13 and the male tree 14 which are the two horizontal members are joined to the male tenon 19 of the female tree 13 in the male tenon 22 of the male tree 14 and the female tenon The notch tenon 17 is fitted, and the seat 2 of the male tree 14 is inserted into the seat 15 of the female tree 13.
0 is mounted and joined.

As described above, in the horizontal member joining structure described in the embodiment, the notch shape formed by the dove mortise hole 7 formed in the female tree concave end face 6 and the dove mortise 5 formed in the female tree convex end face 4. The shape and notch shape formed by the dove mortise hole 12 formed in the male tree recessed end face 11 and the shape of the dovetail tenon formed in the male tree protruding end face 9, and on the other hand, the hook formed on the female tree recessed end face 18 The notch shape formed by the slot 19 and the shape of the tenon 17 formed on the female tree protruding end face 16 and the cutout shape formed by the hole 10 formed on the concave end face 23 of the male tree and the protruding end face 21 formed by the male tree. There is no particular limitation on the shape of the mortise 22. However, if it is three-dimensionally identical, there is an advantage that it can be easily mass-produced as a precut material at a sawmill or the like. Furthermore, although not specifically described, according to the joining structure of the horizontal member in the wooden building according to the present invention,
In order to further strengthen the joint between the two horizontal members, a publicly known reinforcing hardware may be used.

[0023]

As described above, the joining structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention has the following effects.

First, according to the joint structure of a horizontal member in a wooden building according to the present invention, when a horizontal member such as a conventional dovetail joint or a perforated seam joint is laid on a vertical member such as a through pillar, Since it is not necessary to reinforce by temporary fixing, the construction time can be shortened, and there is an effect that scars such as nails are not formed on the joining member for the temporary fixing.

Secondly, according to the joint structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building according to the present invention, since the vertical push-up force is stronger than that of the conventional stool dovetail joint or the stool stitch joint, the structure can be used from the basement to the ground. In response to a direct-type earthquake in which a force pushing up in the direction acts, there is also an effect that the frame structure can be stably maintained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a joining structure of a horizontal member in a wooden building of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the two lateral members shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA and BB of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of both horizontal members shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the joining structure of the horizontal members in the wooden building of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the two horizontal members shown in FIG. 5 as viewed from the joining front end direction.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of both horizontal members shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a state where a dovetail stool is used in an actual frame structure.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional dovetail joint.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a structure of a conventional stool and joint.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 13, 28, 38 Female tree 2, 14, 29, 39 Male tree 3, 15, 30, 40 Stool receiving part 4, 16, 31, 41 Female tree convex end face 5, 10, 36 Ant tenon 6, 18 , 32,42 Female tree concave end face 7,12,33 Ant mortise 8,20,34,44 Stool 9,21,35,45 Male tree convex end face 11,23,37,47 Male tree concave end face 17, 22, 46 Kama mortise 19, 24, 43 Kama mortise hole 25 Girder member 26 Passage 27 Stool dovetail 48, 52, 56 Notched neck 49, 53, 57 Notched wedge 50, 54, 58 Neck 51, 55, 59 Wedge

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A stool receiving portion is formed at a distal end of one of the transverse members, and a female tree protruding end surface formed vertically below a leading edge of the stool receiving portion, and a distal end from a tenon base. The left and right joining side surfaces of the tapered shape gradually expanding toward the front side are formed, and the dovetail mortise forming the upper surface is formed continuously above the both joining side surfaces, while, vertically above the base end edge of the stool receiving portion. On the formed female tree recessed end surface, the left and right cutout side surfaces are expanded in a tapered shape gradually expanding toward the distal end from the exit end of the mortise, and formed continuously below the two joining side surfaces. An ant mortise is provided, and a stool is formed at the tip of the other horizontal member, and the female tree recess is formed on the male tree projecting end surface formed vertically above the tip edge of the stool. The ant tenon is formed on the end face of the ant tenon, while A wooden building, characterized in that an ant mortise shaped by an ant tenon formed on the female tree projecting end surface is formed on the male tree concave end surface formed vertically below the base end edge of the stool. Structure of the horizontal members in the building. 2. A stool receiving portion is formed at a distal end portion of one of the transverse members, and a female tree protruding end surface formed vertically below a leading edge of the stool receiving portion is fixed at a predetermined distance from a tenon base. A claw tenon comprising a neck extended by a cross-section and a wedge having a cross-sectional shape larger than the cross-section extending further from the tip of the neck is provided, while being formed vertically above the base end edge of the seat-receiving portion. On the female tree concave end face, a notch neck portion extending in the distal direction from the exit end of the mortise and cut out with a constant cross section, and a notch cross section shape further extending from the tip of the notch neck portion and larger than the cross section. A mortise formed of a notch wedge is provided, and a stool is formed at the tip of the other horizontal member, and a male tree projecting end face formed vertically above the tip edge of the stool. 2, formed on the end face of the female tree recess A mortise in the shape of a mortise is formed in the shape of a mortise, while a mortise in the shape of a male mortise formed in the female end is formed vertically below the base edge of the seat. A joining structure of a horizontal member in a wooden building, characterized by being formed. 3. A notch shape formed by a dovetail formed on a female tree recessed end face and a dovetail shape formed on a female tree protruded end face by a dovetail mortise formed on a male tree recessed end face. The joining structure of a horizontal member in a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein a cutout shape is three-dimensionally identical to a dove-tenon shape formed on an end face of the male tree protrusion. 4. A notch shape formed by a tenon mortise provided on the female tree concave end face, and a notch shape formed by a tenon mortise formed on the female tree convex end face and further formed by a tenon mortise formed on the male tree concave end face. The joining structure of a horizontal member in a wooden building according to claim 2, wherein the shape is three-dimensionally the same as the shape of a tenon that is formed on the male tree projecting end surface.