JP2945289B2 - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator that digs a tunnel underground using a rotary cutter disk provided on a front surface.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a tunnel is to be excavated for a railway, a road, a sewer, or the like, a geological survey is performed in advance on a construction site for the purpose of, for example, employing an optimal excavating means according to the geology. The same is true when digging a tunnel with a tunnel excavator equipped with a rotary cutter disk on the front side.If a geological survey shows that the ground is soft, for example, use a shield machine and The efficiency and optimization of construction will be improved by preparing for the installation of reinforcement segments on the inner surface. In addition, the tunnel excavator is equipped with a cutter disk on the front side, a gripper that presses the wall surface of the tunnel, a shield jack that presses the constructed segment, etc. at the rear, and excavates the face with the cutter disk while obtaining propulsive force with them. To advance underground. Many shield excavators have a cylindrical shell (shield) behind the cutter disk.

[0003] The geological survey is usually performed by taking a sample (geological sample) by surveying the surface of the ground and boring downward from the ground surface. However, in this method, it is only possible to investigate several points at regular intervals in the direction in which the tunnel extends, and it is not possible to continuously inspect the entire length of the excavation site. In addition, in mountainous areas or on the seabed, there are various difficulties such as transportation of equipment to the survey position, and in some cases, it is practically impossible to conduct a survey. Under such circumstances, in recent years, so-called horizontal surveys, in which geology is surveyed along a tunnel excavation direction, have been performed.

[0004] Among the horizontal surveys, there are the following, for example.

[0005] A) First, there is a method in which signals such as ultrasonic waves and elastic waves are emitted in the horizontal direction (the direction of excavation), and the geology is known from signals transmitted or reflected and received. An example of this method is described in JP-A-6-75039.

(B) Further, the drilling rod is extended forward (that is, in the direction of excavation) through the side of the tunnel excavator, and boring is performed on the rod.
Another method is to conduct a geological survey. This includes Figure 4
As shown in (a), a boring machine 40 is provided immediately behind the excavator 6.
Is installed, and the piercing rod 43 is extended obliquely forward through a fixed guide tube 48 or the like, and the tunnel A behind the excavator 7 is partially extended to the side as shown in FIG. Excavator 7 with boring machine 40 on Ap
In some cases, the piercing rod 43 is extended in parallel with the above.

[0007]

When a geological survey is performed using signals such as ultrasonic waves and elastic waves as described in (a) above, there is no need to perform a boring operation, so that the advantage that the survey can be performed quickly and easily is advantageous. However, the reliability of the survey results is not always high. This is because it is not possible to directly observe and analyze the sample, and it is difficult to read the geology from the received signal when a plurality of different geological layers are ahead.

[0008] On the other hand, when boring is performed as in (b) (FIG. 4), the boring machine cannot be advanced in accordance with the advance of the tunnel excavator.
Inefficient in some respects. That is, since the boring machine is generally mounted on a bogie (not shown) following the excavator for supplying electric power and hydraulic pressure, the boring machine starts drilling until the geological survey is completed. During this time (around three days), the bogie must be stopped, and therefore, the excavator advancement, that is, excavation work itself, must be interrupted. Further, even when the drilling route is straight, there is a waste in that the piercing rod extending forward and the hole formed by the piercing rod cannot be effectively used thereafter.

In order to solve the above-mentioned inconveniences, the present invention provides a highly reliable survey result, such as enabling a geological survey (horizontal survey) using a boring machine while advancing the drilling work, and improving the efficiency of the drilling work. The aim is to provide a tunnel excavator that can contribute to improvement.

[0010]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel excavator having a rotary cutter disk on a front surface thereof.
And on the cutter disk in the radial direction
(Meaning the radial direction of the cutter disk)
A rock drilling excavator with multiple roller cutters
In the tunnel excavator, a) an opening penetrating in the center of the cutter disk is provided in the front and rear (the front and rear in the excavation direction; the same applies hereinafter). B) Geological survey to extend the drilling rod forward through the opening is supplied with the boring machines use, c) within or immediately after end of the opening, perforation lock of the b)
To prevent run-out by passing the arm inside in a rotatable state.
Is attached a support that, d) close to the opening of the a) among the plurality of rollers cutters
For at least one of the cutters,
-Shaft end located radially inside the disk (that is, a)
The blade end (pressed to the face)
Part with a large diameter that is attached to perform the drilling function)
(That is, no bearing is provided at the shaft end on that side).
- ) In particular, as in claim 2 , e) the distance between the blade portion of the shaft end of the roller cutter of d) and the surface of the piercing rod supported by the support of c) (that is, the inside of the support). The minimum distance between the support surface and the blade portion measured in the radial direction of the cutter disk) is preferably 50 mm or more and 100 mm or less.

[0011]

The tunnel excavator according to the first aspect of the present invention can perform a geological survey in the excavation direction forward by using the boring machine of the above b) and extending the drilling rod through the opening provided in the cutter disk as in a). . The survey is a so-called horizontal survey, which uses a drill rod to collect a sample, so that it is possible to conduct continuous surveys at each point along the drilling direction, and to obtain highly reliable survey results. Bring.

According to this tunnel excavator, geological surveys can be carried out by a boring machine at any time in synchronization with the progress of the excavation work or independently of the excavation work. Excavation work can be advanced efficiently. As described above, the geological survey can be carried out at any time with or without being affected by the excavation work. First, as shown in a), the opening is provided in the center of the cutter disk, and the boring rod of the boring machine is connected to the b. This is because it passes through the opening as in ()). Since the position of the opening thus provided does not move with the rotation of the cutter disc, boring (perforation) can be performed even while the cutter disc is rotating. A second reason is that the boring machine is not restricted in moving forward. The boring machine extends the piercing rod straight forward rather than diagonally as in FIG. 4 (a), and does not rest on a partially formed extension as in FIG. Since it is attached to the excavator by being provided in the main body or on a succeeding bogie, the forward movement is not restricted at all even in relation to the drilling rod and the excavated portion. As mentioned above,
Since the boring machine can function without being restricted by the rotation of the cutter disk or the advance of the excavator, the tunnel excavator of the present invention can efficiently perform both excavation work and geological investigation.

The hole drilled by the drilling rod by the boring machine is located at the center of the tunnel excavated by the cutter disk. Therefore, according to this tunnel excavator, the volume of the ground on which the excavator body must excavate is small. However, there is also an advantage that the excavation speed increases due to a decrease. This is because, unlike the case where a hole is drilled at a position not included in the tunnel portion as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the hole for geological investigation drilled by the boring machine becomes a part of the tunnel.

The tunnel excavator is provided with a cutter disc.
A plurality of roller cutters are provided on the upper side , and they are pressed against the face and rotated together with the cutter disk, thereby rolling around the axis and digging the ground while crushing rocks and the like. Hard ground, such as rock, creates a strong uncut portion unless the distance between the roller cutters (the radial distance on the cutter disk) is reduced. It is preferable that the hole is as close as possible to the piercing rod passing through the opening. However, when approaching, it is necessary to take care that the perforated rod does not contact the roller cutter near the opening.

On the other hand, the tunnel excavator according to the first aspect of the present invention can sufficiently bring the gap between the drilling rod and the roller cutter close to the hard ground so that no excavation remains, and furthermore, the two do not contact each other. Has become. The perforation rod and the roller cutter can be brought close to each other because the roller cutter near the opening through which the perforation rod passes has a blade portion formed at the shaft end near the opening as described in d) above. It is. If a bearing is provided at the shaft end according to the usual practice, the interval between the blade portion and the piercing rod that actually perform the excavation function is likely to be left unexcavated at least by the dimension of the bearing. When the blade portion is provided at the shaft end, the distance between the blade portion and the perforated rod can be made as close as possible. Even if a blade portion is formed at one shaft end of the roller cutter, it is possible to take measures such as arranging bearings at the other two positions on the shaft of the same roller cutter to impart the required strength to the shaft. There is no problem with the support and function of the roller cutter.

Further, in this excavator, the reason why the inconvenience of contact between the roller cutter and the piercing rod approaching as described above does not occur is that the piercing rod is passed through the inside of the support shown in the above c) . Because. That is,
Since such a support is provided inside or immediately after the opening in the cutter disk and the piercing rod is passed through the support, the swinging and swinging of the piercing rod is suppressed near the roller cutter. Therefore, even if the roller cutter and the piercing rod are arranged close to each other as described above, the contact between them can be effectively prevented.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the distance between the roller cutter and the piercing rod which are arranged close to each other is determined as described in the above e) , so that the piercing rod and the roller cutter operate simultaneously. However, contact between the two does not occur, and furthermore, there remains no excavation between the two that hinders smooth excavation of the excavator. That is, if the distance between the surface of the piercing rod and the blade portion of the roller cutter is set to 50 mm or more after passing the piercing rod through the above-described support, contact between the rod and the roller cutter may occur due to vibration or the like accompanying piercing and excavation. If the distance between the two is not more than 100 mm, no strong digging remains between the drilled and excavated portions.

[0018]

1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the entirety of the tunnel excavator 1,
FIG. 2 shows a cutter disk 1 of the excavator 1.
FIG. 2 is a detailed sectional view (FIG. 2 (a)) and a front view (FIG. 2 (b)) showing the vicinity of the center portion of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel excavator 1 has a rotary drive type cutter disc 10 on the front surface (the left side of the figure corresponds to the front in the excavation direction), and a plurality of roller cutters 30 (see FIG. 1). .. Shown in FIG. 2). Each of the roller cutters 30 has a hard surface on the outer surface of a rotatable shaft in the same manner as the roller cutter 31 shown in FIG. 2 has blade portions a and c on a part of the shaft (such as a bearing portion x). Blade part with sharp edges (a ・ b
··· etc.) and the shaft center is the cutter disk 1
0 are arranged along the radial direction. By pushing the cutter disc 10 forward while rotating it, each blade portion of the roller cutter 30 is pressed against the cutting face Aa (see FIG. 1), and it rolls and moves so as to draw a circle, thereby breaking rock and the like. You can dig while doing it.

This tunnel excavator 1 has grippers 21 and 22 at the front and rear portions as shown in FIG. 1, and has a propulsion jack 23 between the two. It has gained. That is, first, the rear gripper (main gripper) 22 is spread laterally to fix the rear portion of the excavator 1 on the inner surface of the tunnel A which has been dug, and then the propulsion jack 23 is extended to push out the cutter disk 10 and the like forward. After the propulsion jack 23 is fully extended, the rear gripper 22 is released (reduced) to allow the front gripper 21 to work, and then the propulsion jack 23 is contracted to pull the rear part of the excavator 1 forward. By repeating these, the excavator 1 advances while excavating the face Aa with the cutter disk 10. However, this excavator 1 is designed to cope with relatively soft soil layers,
In addition to covering the side of the main body with a cylindrical shell (shield) 20, an erector 24 and a shield jack 25 for constructing a segment wall Ab are provided at the rear. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the propulsion force by pressing the end face of the constructed segment wall Ab with the shield jack 25 while constructing and reinforcing the segment wall Ab with the erector 24 on the inner surface of the excavated tunnel A. .

Reference numeral 15 in FIG. 1 denotes a bearing for rotatably supporting the cutter disk 10,
Reference numeral 16 denotes a driving device for rotating the cutter disk 10. The excavator 1 also has a belt conveyor 2 for discharging earth and sand generated from excavation.
6 etc. are also equipped.

Now, the tunnel excavator 1 is capable of performing a geological survey of a horizontal survey system in front of the excavation direction even during excavation of the cutting face Aa by the cutter disk 10, thereby improving the excavation efficiency. The configuration is as follows.

First, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), an opening 11 is provided in the center of the cutter disk 10 in the direction of excavation, and as shown in FIG. The boring machine 40 is mounted at a position corresponding to (rearward in the excavation direction). Boring machine 4
Numeral 0 denotes a machine for extruding a perforated rod 43 having a hard bit (not shown) at the tip while giving a striking and rotating force with a drill head 41, and using the rod 43 to excavate a soil sample for geological investigation. Collect. Opening 1 above
1, the drilling rod 43 extends forward in the ground, but since the opening 11 is located at the center of the cutter disk 10 and does not change its position, the rod 43 can be extended even while the cutter disk 10 is rotating. Moreover, since the rod 43 is extended straight forward, there is no inconvenience even if the boring machine 40 is moved forward together with the excavator 1.
The piercing rod 43 is obtained by adding a circular pipe having a length of several meters, extending forward to several tens of meters to 100 meters ahead, and collecting a sample from a point where the outer pipe has been reached. It is preferable to use a double tube type (not shown) that collects and collects a sample.

With the above configuration, the tunnel excavator 1
Most of the tunnel A is excavated by the roller cutter 30 of the cutter disc 10 and only the center portion thereof is excavated by the piercing rod 43. However, the interval between the two is narrowed so that no excavation occurs between them. Further, the following measures are taken so as not to cause contact interference between the two. That is, first, in terms of contact prevention, the opening 1
2, an annular support member 45 is arranged as shown in FIG. 2 and attached to the cutter disk 10, and the same support member 4 is provided at other positions on the same center line as shown in FIG.
6 were arranged, and the perforated rod 43 was passed through them. Each of the supports 45 and 46 has a diameter of 1
It has an inner diameter that is several millimeters larger than the outer diameter of the piercing rod 43, which is about 00 mm, and rotatably supports the piercing rod 43, suppresses whirling and bending of the rod 43, and prevents contact with the roller cutter 30 and the like. To prevent. The supports 45 are attached to the cutter disk 10, but since they can rotate relative to each other and the perforated rod 43,
There is no problem even if the cutter disk 10 and the piercing rod 43 rotate simultaneously. The support provided at the forefront of the support, such as the support 45, is optimally provided inside the opening 11 of the cutter disk 10 as described above (FIG. 2A). It may be attached immediately behind the opening 11 as long as it does not separate.

In order to eliminate the uncut portion around the piercing rod 43, the roller cutter 30 should be digged so as to include a portion as close as possible to the hole where the rod 43 is drilled.
As shown in (a), the blade portion a was formed on the innermost roller cutter 31 (that is, on the side closer to the opening 11) further inside the bearing portions x provided at two locations. Bearing x
In other words, since the blade portion a is provided in a cantilevered manner so as to overhang, the blade portion a comes very close to the piercing rod 43, and does not cause strong residual digging. In this example, as shown in FIG. 2B, by rotating the cutter disk 10, the blade portion a of the roller cutter 31 is moved to the innermost side (the rod 4) as described above.
3) is excavated, and the portions that are successively outward therefrom are respectively the blade portion b of the roller cutter 32, the blade portion c of the roller cutter 31, the blade portion d of the roller cutter 32, the blade portion e of the roller cutter 33, The positions of the roller cutters 30 are determined so that the blade portion f of the roller cutter 34, the blade portion g of the roller cutter 35, the blade portion h of the roller cutter 36, and the outer roller cutter 30 (see FIG. 1) excavate. . The distance between the surface of the piercing rod 43 and the blade portion a is about 80 mm, and the radius difference between the blade portion a and the blade portion b corresponding to the outer side is about 70 mm. , Cd
, D-e, e-f, f-g, g-h
mm. This is because if the interval is as large as this, even when hard rock is excavated, a strong uncut excavation that hinders the progress of the excavator 1 is not generated.

With the above-described configuration, the tunnel excavator 1 includes the cutter disc 10 (the roller cutter 3).
0) It is possible to carry out a geological survey by horizontal survey at any time, regardless of whether or not the excavation is underway, and use the drilling for the survey for the excavation of tunnel A so that there is no excavation. Can be increased. Of course, there is no inconvenience that the drilling rod 43 for investigation comes into contact with the roller cutter 30 or the like. If the geological survey can be carried out at any time as described above, there is no need to interrupt tunnel excavation work during the survey period, which is a great advantage in the progress of construction. As a result, if it is possible to know the geology ahead in a timely manner, it is possible to carry in the segments beforehand, for example, if it is found that there is soft ground ahead, and proceed with the construction more smoothly by making appropriate preparations. It becomes possible.

In the embodiment described above, the boring machine 40 is mounted in the main body of the tunnel excavator 1 as shown in FIG. 1, but the technical idea of the present invention can be realized without being limited to such an example. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, the boring machine 40 is mounted on a bogie 50 following the rear of the tunnel excavator 2 (rear in the traveling direction; right side in the figure), and the drilling rod 43 is extended forward from the boring machine 40. You may. Although it is necessary to keep a space near the center of the excavator 2 to allow the drilling rod 46 to pass, the boring machine 4
Such a type is suitable for excavating a small-diameter tunnel because a space where 0 can be provided is unnecessary in the excavator 2. In this case as well, an opening (not shown) is provided in the center of the cutter disk 10 so that
Is passed forward, a support 45 is attached to the cutter disk 10 for the purpose of preventing steadying, and a plurality of supports 46 are disposed behind the support. Cutter disk 1
It is preferable that the roller cutter 30 on the upper side is formed and arranged in the same manner as shown in FIG.

[0028]

The tunnel excavator according to the present invention has the following effects. 1) Since the geological survey can be conducted by collecting soil samples by the so-called horizontal survey, continuous and highly reliable surveys can be made at each point along the excavation direction. As a result of such a survey, it is possible to prepare in advance the most appropriate digging means and supports in accordance with the geology, and it is possible to smoothly perform tunnel digging work.

2) Since the sample is collected by extending the drilling rod straight forward through the opening provided in the center of the cutter disk, the geological survey can be performed at any time while the excavation work is in progress. Therefore, there is no need to interrupt tunnel excavation work during the geological survey, which is efficient.

3) Since the hole for geological investigation drilled by the boring machine becomes a part of the tunnel,
It is reasonable. That is, the amount of excavation by the cutter disk is reduced by the amount of drilling by the boring machine, and the excavation efficiency is improved.

Furthermore, 4) for the roller cutters closer to the opening of the cutter disk, since narrowing the gap between the blade portion and piercing rod by forming the blade portion to the shaft end portion of the opening near the drilling rod Undesired excavation does not occur between the roller cutter and the roller cutter.

5) Since the piercing rod is passed through the support provided near the cutter disk, the swaying and swinging of the piercing rod is suppressed, and there is no contact interference with the roller cutter approaching as described above.

In the case of the tunnel excavator according to the second aspect , particularly, 6) even when the drilling rod and the roller cutter operate simultaneously, the two do not come into contact with each other, and the excavator smoothly excavates between them. There is no digging left that hinders the construction.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the entirety of a tunnel excavator 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

2A is a detailed view of a portion II in FIG. 1, and is a side sectional view showing the vicinity of the center of a cutter disk 10 in the tunnel excavator 1. FIG. (B) is a front view showing the vicinity of the same center.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the entirety of a tunnel excavator 2 and the like as another embodiment of the invention.

4 (a) and 4 (b) are conceptual diagrams showing conventional geological survey means in tunnel excavation work.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1.2 Tunnel excavator 10 Cutter disk 11 Opening 30 (31, 32,..., 36) Roller cutter a, b,... H Blade part 40 Boring machine 43 Drilling rod 45, 46 Supporting tool

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rotary cutter disc having a rotary cutter disc on its front face, and a rotary cutter disc mounted on said cutter disc in a radial direction.
A bedrock with multiple roller cutters arranged with its axis centered
In a tunnel excavator that can excavate, an opening that penetrates forward and backward is provided in the center of the cutter disk, and a boring machine for geological investigation is attached to extend the drilling rod forward through the opening, and inside or immediately after the opening In addition, the above-mentioned perforated rod
A support to prevent run-out by passing it inside in a rotatable state
Attach the holding tool and , among the plurality of roller cutters,
For one of them, the cutter disc is
The blade part is formed at the shaft end located radially inside the
A tunnel excavator characterized by having been formed . 2. The rotor according to claim 1 , wherein the blade portion is formed at the shaft end.
Blade part in the roller cutter and the support tool
The distance from the surface of the piercing rod supported by
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the distance is not more than 100 mm.
The tunnel excavator as described.