JP2936191B2 - Excavator cutter bit and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter bit for various excavators, such as a shield excavator for excavating a ground, a civil engineering construction and a mine, and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, cutter bits used for excavating the ground with a tunnel excavator or a shield excavator select an excavation shape according to excavated soil conditions.
The disc-shaped cutter wheel is mounted in an appropriate arrangement so that a predetermined cross section can be excavated.

[0003] There are various types of such cutter bits, such as a flat-shaped plate-shaped cemented carbide and a square or rod-shaped cemented carbide. However, almost all cutter bits as a single body are arranged and assembled. When this is rotated at high speed by a disk-shaped cutter wheel, vibration is generated due to a structural problem, and the cutter bit is easily damaged. In addition, such damage or wear occurs for each individual cutter bit, and it is difficult to maintain uniform cutting ability.

Further, in such a cutter mechanism of an excavator using a disc-shaped cutter wheel, the rotational angular speeds at the outermost peripheral portion and the central portion are greatly different, and the cutting speed is maximum at the outer peripheral portion, but at the central portion. Excavation efficiency at the center is extremely low, causing an increase in excavation resistance, causing a problem when constructing a curved part. This is because the front resistance increases due to a decrease in excavation performance.

[0005] Further, as described above, since the excavating performance is deteriorated at the center, it is not possible to cut hard materials such as rocks, reinforced concrete, and steel materials. For example, when excavating a forked road from an existing shield as a branch road. Neither can the excavator perform the work of breaking the existing steel segment or reinforced concrete segment of the shield or the work of breaking the obstacles such as sheet piles and steel sheet piles in the ground.

[0006] On the other hand, there is a diamond cutter which can cut a hard material, but since it is expensive, it is usually used only for a boring excavator or the like having a small hole diameter. Not suitable for road excavation.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art, and to provide a structure in which excavation is continued while the cutting surface is formed spontaneously.
Excavator cutter bit that can perform stable excavation on the surface, is high-speed rotating type, does not cause enlarging, and is durable and wear-resistant, and can expand the applicable range of excavated objects And a method for manufacturing the same.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, a cutter bit for an excavator is provided at an end of a ring-shaped shank material. The gist of the present invention is that a recessed portion is formed on the inner and outer surfaces by being fixed by a metal or a sintered metal. Further, as a method of manufacturing a cutter bit of an excavator, a shank material of a cutter bit is incorporated into a mold base, and an inner mold and an outer mold having a convex portion are set on the mold base, and a fine polyhedral superalloy is set. While laying the groove in the inner frame, outer frame, and shank material where the chip was set on the frame, the molten metal was poured onto it,
The small polyhedral superalloy chip is fixed to the end of the shank material, and when the weld metal is solidified, the form base, the inner form,
The gist of the invention is to remove the outer mold frame and form a recessed recess on the inner and outer surfaces by the convex portions of the inner mold frame and the outer mold frame.

[0009]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a fine polyhedral superalloy chip itself has a large number of blade surfaces,
In addition, the fixing directions are not uniform. Although the amount of cutting per blade surface is minute, the amount of cutting is increased by high-speed rotation cutting, and the same amount of cutting as a conventional cutter bit can be secured. Also, if the superalloy chip wears or falls off during cutting, a new blade surface is formed with another superalloy chip, and the cutting surface continues to grow while the blade surface grows naturally. Drilling and cutting can be performed stably on the end face of the bit and the inner and outer faces. In particular, the dropped superalloy chip is removed from the cut part by falling into the relief part formed in the cutter bit, but since this relief part is a recess, the storage volume is relatively large, and the dropped superalloy chip Can be dealt with even if the amount is large. Also, since this relief portion is formed on the inner and outer surfaces of the cutter bit, if the superalloy chip falls off on the end face side of the cutter bit, it enters the closer one of the inner and outer relief portions, while the inner surface of the cutter bit If the superalloy chip falls off on the side or the outer surface, it will enter the inner and outer escape parts, respectively, so that it can be quickly and reliably removed at any point, adversely affecting the rotation of the cutter bit or damaging the entire cutter bit Does not occur.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned functions, the width, height, diameter, etc. of the shape of the cutter bit itself can be freely selected by means of a laminated welding structure using a small polyhedral superalloy chip. It can be molded and manufactured at low cost. In addition, since the inner mold frame and the outer mold frame have a convex portion, by removing the inner mold frame and the outer mold frame, it is possible to obtain a cutter bit having a recessed recess formed on the inner and outer surfaces.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 3 are perspective views showing first to third embodiments of a cutter bit of an excavator according to the present invention. In the drawings, reference numeral 31 denotes a shank material, which is formed in a ring shape.

A small polyhedral superalloy chip 32 is fixed to the end of the shank material 31 by means of a sintered metal or a welded metal 33.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show the method of manufacturing the cutter bit according to the present invention. The shank material 31 of the cutter bit is incorporated into the form base 35, and the form base is surrounded so as to surround the upper end of the shank material 31. The inner formwork 36 and the outer formwork 37 are set on 35.
Note that the inner mold frame 36 and the outer mold frame 37 have a convex portion for forming a later-described escape portion 34 on a side surface thereof.

Although not shown in the drawings, the mold base 35 is assembled on a turntable. While rotating the mold base 35 on the turntable, the superalloy chip 32 of a small and polyhedral shape is formed on the inner mold 36, The molten metal 33 is poured onto the outer mold 37 while being spread over the groove surrounded by the shank material 31.

When the weld metal 33 is solidified in this way, the mold base 35, the inner mold frame 36, and the outer mold frame 37 are released from the mold, and the end of the shank material 31 is formed via the weld metal 33. The cutter wheel 38 to which the small polyhedral superalloy chip 32 is fixed is obtained.

The formed cutter bit of the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 1, provided with concave stitches 34 on the inner and outer surfaces of a ring-shaped formed body in a staggered circumferential direction as shown in FIG. There are various shapes such as a case where the barbs 34 are provided in pairs at intervals on the inner and outer surfaces, and a case where the width of the pair of barbs 34 on the inner and outer surfaces is narrow as shown in FIG. Since the cutter bit is formed in this manner, the width, height, diameter and the like of the shape of the cutter bit itself can be selected and formed freely.

The cutter bit of the present invention may be formed into a shank material 31 at once in a coupling shape in the case of a small diameter, but may be formed into a segment block shape in the case of a large diameter. It is also conceivable to join them together to form a ring.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show one example of use.
The main shield excavator 1 comprises an excavator main body 2 and a drilling head 3 located at a front part thereof, and the drilling head 3 further revolves around an outer peripheral cutter 5 and a universal cutter 6 disposed inside thereof. 7

The cutter bit of the present invention was used for the cutter bit of the outer peripheral cutter 5 and the cutter bits 6a and 7a of the universal cutters 6 and 7.

A drive motor 11 by a hydraulic motor is disposed in the excavator body 2, and a drive gear 12 provided on a drive shaft of the outer cutter 5 meshes with a pinion gear 13 provided on a shaft of the drive motor 11. The driving motor 11 rotates the outer peripheral cutter 5.

A cutter base 4 is provided inside the outer peripheral cutter 5, and a drive gear 14 provided on a drive shaft of the cutter base 4 is also meshed with the pinion gear 13. In this case, the cutter base 4 rotates in the opposite direction with respect to the outer peripheral cutter 5.

The free cutters 6 and 7 are disposed on the base surface of the cutter base 4.
Are cutter bits 6a and 7a as original drive mechanisms.
And a drive motor 10 for rotating the drive.

In the figure, 21, 22, 23, and 24 are roller bearings, 25 and 26 are ball bearings, and 27 is a rotary valve for supplying hydraulic oil to the drive motor 10. Further, in the case of the present invention, a muddy water pressurizing method is adopted, and the ends of the drainage pipe 8 and the mud feed pipe 9 located inside thereof are made to face the surface of the cutter base 4.

In the main shield excavator 1, the outer cutter 5 is driven to rotate by the drive motor 11 via the pinion gear 13 and the drive gear 12, and the circular cutter bit causes the outer cutter 5 to be almost the same as the main shield excavator 1. The core collecting type excavation is performed for the thickness of the outer peripheral portion of the excavation head 3 and the cutter bit while securing the diameter.

At the same time, inside the outer peripheral cutter 5, the ring-shaped cutter bits 6 of the free cutters 6 and 7 are formed.
a and 7a are independently rotated by a drive motor 10, and excavation is performed by the cutter bits 6a and 7a. Because of the rotation, excavation is performed such that the ring diameter becomes the excavation width according to the movement of the cutter base 4.

At this time, if the rotation direction of the cutter bits 6a and 7a is the same as the rotation direction of the cutter base 4,
The cutting speed is the rotation of the cutter base 4 plus the rotation of the cutter bits 6a, 7a.

However, not all of the cutter bits 6a and 7a need to be in the same direction as the rotation of the cutter base 4.
A part may be reversely rotated. That is, the number of rotations, the rotation torque, and the rotation direction of the cutter bits 6a and 7a can be freely set, and by appropriately increasing or decreasing the number, the setting can be freely performed within a range suitable for the cut piece. it can.

The excavated iron powder and concrete chips are sent to the muddy water plant by muddy water through a mud drain pipe 8 arranged at the center of the main shield excavator 1.

When biting occurs inside the outer peripheral cutter 5, the rotation direction of the universal cutters 6, 7 is made to coincide with the rotational direction of the outer peripheral cutter 5, or the height of the cutter base 4 is higher than that of the outer peripheral cutter 5. The height of the cutter bits 6a and 7a of the universal cutters 6 and 7 may be reduced accordingly.

The cutter bit of the present invention has a small polyhedral superalloy tip 32 itself having a large number of blade surfaces.
Moreover, the fixing directions are not uniform. For example, a fragment made by cutting a bar-shaped superalloy has a hexahedral shape.

Although the protruding length of the cutting edge constituted by a large number of cutting surface portions is very small, since the cutting is performed at a high speed,
The occurrence of enlarging is prevented, and the amount of cutting per blade surface is minute, but the amount of cutting is increased by high-speed rotation cutting, and the same amount of cutting as a conventional cutter bit can be secured. If the superalloy chip 32 wears or falls off during cutting,
Since the new blade 33 is appropriately worn to form a new blade surface, cutting can be continuously performed without lowering the sharpness.

Excavation cutting of reinforced concrete is a complex cutting, but the concrete portion acts as an abrasion agent, causing the welded metal 33 to wear, thereby creating a new blade surface and effectively cutting the reinforcing bar portion. be able to.

In the case of excavation without cooling, the melting point of the welding metal 33 for fixing the superalloy chip 32 is low, and the molten metal is melted by frictional heat generated by excavation. Therefore, as a preventive measure, cooling with fresh water, muddy water, or mud is performed. I do. As described above, optimal cutting can be obtained when used in a muddy shield excavator.

Moreover, the method of discharging the excavated earth or the like with the fluid not only obtains the cooling effect of the cutter bit, but also helps the method of removing the dropped superalloy chip 32, thereby preventing the cutter bit from self-destruction.

In the case of excavation in the downward direction, the portion that has fallen from the superalloy chip 32 is an obstacle to the excavation, so that the portion of the cemented carbide chip 32 that has fallen off is promptly removed from the excavated portion. It is necessary, and the escape part 34 plays this role. Therefore, when digging to the deep part, generally, burial of a steel material or the like is small, such falling off from the superalloy chip 32 can be avoided in advance, and when digging downward, usually, when digging downward, Since the friction of the cutter bit in the excavation of the ground is considered to be very small in view of the configuration, it can be performed without much difference from the normal excavation management such as the shield method.

[0036]

As described above, the cutter bit of the excavator of the present invention and the method of manufacturing the same have a structure in which excavation and cutting are continued while the cutting surface is spontaneously formed. Stable excavation can be performed, and a high-speed rotation type does not cause enlarging. Furthermore, it is rich in durability and wear resistance, and can expand the applicable range of excavated objects.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of a cutter bit of an excavator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the cutter bit of the excavator according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a cutter bit of an excavator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional side view showing one embodiment of a method of manufacturing a cutter bit of an excavator according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway plan view showing one embodiment of the method for manufacturing a cutter bit of an excavator according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional side view showing an example of a shield excavator provided with the cutter bit of the excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an example of a shield excavator provided with the cutter bit of the excavator of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main shield excavator 2 ... Excavator main body 3 ... Excavation head 4 ... Cutter base 5 ... Perimeter cutter 6, 7 ... Universal cutter 6a, 7a ... Cutter bit 8 ... Drainage pipe 9 ... Mud feeding pipe 10, 11 ... Drive Motor 12,14… Drive gear 13… Pinion gear 21,22,23,24… Roller bearing 25,26… Ball bearing 27… Rotary valve 31… Shank material 32… Super alloy chip 33… Weld metal 34… Shaved part 35 … Formwork base 36… inner formwork 37… outer formwork 38… cutter wheel

Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Koji Kuribayashi 1-6-1, Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (72) Inventor Naomichi Sawada 1-1-6, Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (72) Inventor Minoru Nagashima 1-1-6 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (72) Koji Akiyama 1-1-6 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (56) References JP-B-52-50001 (JP, B2) Patent 92746 (JP, C2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21D 9/08 E21B 10/02 E21B 10 / 48

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A small polyhedral superalloy chip is fixed to an end portion of a ring-shaped shank material by welding metal or sintered metal, and a recessed relief portion is formed on the inner and outer surfaces. An excavator cutter bit characterized by the following: 2. A shank material of a cutter bit is assembled in a mold base, an inner mold and an outer mold having a convex portion are set on the mold base, and a superalloy chip of a small polyhedron is set on the mold base. While laying in the groove surrounded by the inner formwork, the outer formwork and the shank material, the melted molten metal is poured thereon, and the small polyhedral superalloy chip is fixed to the end of the shank material, and the welding is performed. When the metal is solidified, the mold base, the inner mold, and the outer mold are removed from the mold, and a relief portion that is a recess is formed on the inner and outer surfaces by the convex portions of the inner mold and the outer mold. Manufacturing method of excavator cutter bit.