JP2934819B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavator used for excavating a headrace or a sewer tunnel by a semi-shielded construction method. The present invention relates to a shield machine capable of correcting the excavation direction, correcting the excavation direction, and having no harmful effect even when pushed in the air.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A waterway and a sewer by a semi-shield method in which a shield machine is used as a first conductor, and a pipe body supporting a ground is immediately pushed in by a main push jack in a starting pit behind and propelled and buried. 0.7-1.5m inside diameter
The shield machine used in tunnel excavation of a degree consists of a machine main pipe with a cutter head and a bulk head, and a subsequent pipe connected to the machine.The cutter head with the bit rotates at the tip to clear the ground. Excavate. Conventionally, the machine main pipe is provided with a direction correcting jack at a position 1.0 to 2.0 m behind the tip of the cutter head, and the front part of the machine main pipe including the cutter head is inclined by about 2 ° in each circumferential direction, It could be retracted by 50 mm. For example, if the cutter head bites obstacles such as stones or rocks in front of it, or the ground collapses, a sudden load occurs and the cutter head becomes unable to rotate. Was retracted so that the bit at the tip of the cutter head did not bite into the ground so that it could be rotated again. But,
The stroke of the direction correcting jack is small, and the bit of the bit of the cutter head bites into the ground, 150 to 200 mm
Because the amount of retreat is not enough, the PC bar is connected from the rear of the shield machine and extended to the starting shaft as a recovery work, and the PC bar is pulled by the jack of the starting shaft and the entire shield machine is pulled back. Work was needed. These operations were difficult and could take up to a week, affecting the entire excavation operation. In addition, during excavation by the shield machine, if the excavation direction changes slightly due to the influence of obstacles, etc., and the tunnel excavation position shifts out of the allowable range of the direction correction by the direction correction jack,
Conventionally, the shield excavator alone could not cope, a shaft was dug from the ground at the tip of the tunnel where the shield excavator was located, and the starting shaft was rebuilt at that point, or the entire shield excavator was pulled back as before He was re-excavating after correcting for the backward direction. Rebuilding the shaft also has many problems, such as extremely time and cost for building the shaft, and difficulty in selecting the position of the shaft. Also, with the conventional shield machine, if the cutter head is not pressed and rotated by the original push jack of the starting shaft without rotating the cutter head due to work mistakes, etc., not only will the cutter head bite into the ground but it will not be able to rotate, In some cases, the propulsion becomes impossible due to breakage of the rotating spindle that transmits the rotation. There was no effective countermeasure other than preventing work errors, and improvement was desired.

[0003]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to promptly eliminate the work stoppage due to the biting of the cutter head, and to correct the direction of movement of the excavator. An object of the present invention is to provide a shield excavator that is easy and has no trouble due to idle pressing and that can perform work smoothly.

[0004]

The structure of the present invention which has solved the above problems is as follows: 1) A drilling cutter head having a bit attached thereto is rotatably mounted on a front portion of a main pipe of a machine, and is mounted on a rear side of the cutter head. The bulkhead that separates the face from the pit is provided.The bulkhead is provided with a mud outlet for discharging sediment in the face.The trommel that separates mud, sand, and stone is provided in the subsequent pipe connected to the back of the machine main pipe. In the tunnel excavation shield tunneling machine that connects the exhaust port of the bulkhead and the mud outlet of the bulkhead with
The front and rear parts of the cutter head are slidably connected to the rear part of the succeeding pipe, and the shields of the outer periphery which are separated from the front and rear are engaged in a nectar shape. A plurality of hydraulic cylinders having a stroke longer than the bit length of the largest one of the bits are provided between the front and rear of the subsequent pipe, and the main pipe of the machine and the front of the subsequent pipe are larger than the maximum bit length with respect to the rear of the subsequent pipe. 2) The shield machine described in 1) above, wherein a relief valve that releases hydraulic pressure when a pressing force exceeding an allowable range is applied to the cylinder is provided in the hydraulic circuit of the cylinder. Shield excavator 3) The main pipe of the machine is separated back and forth, and the front and back are watertight.
And multiple direction-correcting jacks
The direction of the front of the main pipe of the machine can be changed by a small angle.
The angle of the sludge pipe inside the machine main pipe can be changed at the connection part
It said the ability 1) or 2) in the shield machine according. The shield machine according to the present invention includes both a structure having a direction correcting jack on a machine main pipe and a structure having no direction correcting jack.

[0005]

In the shield machine according to the present invention, when a sharp load such as a stone is applied to a cutter head for excavating at the tip and the cutter head is stopped and cannot be rotated, a front part of a succeeding pipe can be prevented. By operating a cylinder connecting the rear pipe and the rear pipe, the machine main pipe having the cutter head and the front pipe of the subsequent pipe are pulled rearward toward the rear pipe located at the excavation ground. The cutter head is retracted by a cylinder stroke longer than the maximum bit length, that is, by more than the amount that the bit at the tip bites into the ground, separates from a completely bitten stone, and becomes rotatable again. By rotating the restored cutter head and moving the entire shield machine forward, excavation is resumed, and the part that has been bitten forward is retracted once, so that the load on the cutter head is reduced, allowing excavation without stopping. While continuing the excavation, extend the cylinder slowly to return to the initial state and prepare for the next stop. On the other hand, if the excavation direction changes during excavation and it goes out of the correct tunnel planning line if it proceeds as it is, after all the cylinders connecting the front and rear of the subsequent pipe are contracted and the cutter head is retracted greatly, Re-excavation is performed by correcting the direction and aiming in the correct traveling direction. Once you have drilled and returned in the right direction, extend the cylinder and put it back. The front part of the succeeding pipe moves back and forth with respect to the rear part of the succeeding pipe by the expansion and contraction of the cylinder. However, the outer shields of the front and rear trailing pipes are engaged in a watertight manner between the shields, thereby preventing earth and sand and water from entering the inside.

In the structure in which the relief valve is provided in the hydraulic circuit of the cylinder between the front and rear trailing pipes, when the shield machine is idle-pressed, the pressing force applied to the cylinder between the front and rear trailing pipes is reduced during normal excavation work. The value greatly exceeds the allowable range, but due to the operation of the relief valve of the hydraulic circuit of the cylinder,
The hydraulic pressure in the cylinder is released by the operation of the relief valve of the hydraulic circuit in the cylinder, and the cylinder is pushed and contracted.
When the cylinder shrinks, the strong pressing force of the empty push is not transmitted to the front, and only the rear part of the subsequent pipe moves forward in accordance with the shrinkage of the cylinder.The main pipe of the machine and the front part of the subsequent pipe do not move, To prevent the cutter head from moving forward and biting into the ground.

In a configuration in which the main pipe of the machine and the front part of the subsequent pipe can be pulled rearward with respect to the rear part of the subsequent pipe and the angle can be changed by a small angle, the excavation direction changes during excavation, and if it proceeds as it is, the tunnel will deviate from the correct tunnel planning line. In this case, the cylinders connecting the front and rear subsequent pipes are all retracted, the machine main pipe and the rear of the subsequent pipe are retracted once, and then each cylinder is adjusted to move the machine main pipe and the front of the subsequent pipe to the subsequent pipe. Tilt it to the rear so that it points in the right direction. In this state, if the excavation is advanced and returns to the correct direction, the cylinder is extended and returned.

[0008]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, the front and rear subsequent pipes are connected by four hydraulic cylinders, a hydraulic circuit with a relief valve is provided, and the machine main pipe and the front of the subsequent pipe can be changed at a small angle with respect to the rear of the subsequent pipe. It is. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the second half of the embodiment, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the first half of the embodiment, FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the second half of the embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a front view showing the embodiment, FIG. 6 is a rear view showing the embodiment, FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the retreating operation of the machine main pipe and the front and rear pipes of the embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a hydraulic circuit, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a tunnel excavation operation using the embodiment.

The shield machine 1 according to this embodiment comprises a machine main pipe 1a in the first half and a subsequent pipe 1b in the latter half, and the subsequent pipe 1b also has a structure in which the rear part is divided back and forth.
The machine main pipe 1a has a bulkhead 2 that separates the face 32 from the underground working space immediately after the cutter head 7 that excavates the ground 34 rotating at the forefront. The mechanism for driving the cutter head 7 transmits a driving force generated by an electric motor 9 with a reduction gear in the shield 8 to a rotating spindle 10 penetrating the center of the bulkhead 2 via a gear 11, and a cutter directly connected to the rotating spindle 10. The head 7 is rotated. A plurality of bits 7b for cutting the ground 34 are attached to the cutter head 7, and the maximum bit length H of the central bit 7a is about 20% of the diameter of the shield 8. On the other hand, the bulkhead 2 has a mud hole 4 for discharging earth and sand in the face, and a pressure sensor 5 for detecting the pressure in the face.
And a stop gate 3 for opening and closing the mud outlet 4 are provided. The mud outlet 4 is provided with a mud pipe 1 through which sediment in the face to be introduced therethrough passes through a subsequent pipe 1b at the rear of the shield machine 1.
3 are connected. The following pipe 1b is divided into a following pipe front part 1c and a following pipe rear part 1d just before the pressure receiving part 21 at the rearmost end, and the front shield 8a and the rear shield 8b on the respective outer circumferences are slidable and can be inclined by about 3 °. It is engaged in a state where a slight gap is provided. At the distal end of the rear shield 8b, a packing 18 is provided over the entire circumference to seal a gap with the front shield 8a to prevent intrusion of mud and water into the inside of the shield machine. Then, four hydraulic cylinders 17 whose ends are pin-joined inside the front shield 8a and the rear shield 8b respectively include front and rear shields 8a and 8b.
Are slidably and tiltably connected. The amount L of expansion and contraction of each cylinder is made sufficiently larger than the maximum bit length H on the cutter head 7, and is set to about 200 mm in this embodiment.
The cylinder 17 is provided with a hydraulic circuit 17a with a relief valve 17b that releases the hydraulic pressure and contracts the cylinder 17 when a pressure exceeding the allowable upper limit of 350 kgf / cm ² is applied. Separately, four direction-correcting jacks 20 having an extension and contraction amount of about 20 mm are provided inside the main pipe 1a of the machine so that the front part including the cutter head 7 can be retracted and tilted. Each device inside the machine main pipe 1a is provided so as not to hinder the movement of the direction correcting jack 20. In particular, the sludge pipe 13 is provided with a Victoria joint 19 and a sliding portion 13a on the way to expand and contract the direction correcting jack 20. , So that the positional deviation caused by the At the end of the sludge pipe 13 in the succeeding pipe 1b at the rear of the shield machine 1, the stone 35 contained in the earth and sand inside the face is rotated by the driving device 15.
A trommel 14 is installed to separate the trommel and sand from mud.
Below the trommel 14, a mud storage tank 16 for storing separated mud and sand is provided with a tank 27 provided on the ground and a mud pipe 2
2, and the suction force from the vacuum suction device 26 on the ground is transmitted to this point. On the other hand, as a means for discharging the stones 35 separated by the trommel 14, a minecart 24 that transports the stones 35 to the shaft 33 is installed. Conversely, in order to press the mud into the face 32, a mud feeder 28 for supplying mud is provided on the ground, and is connected to the mud supply port 12 of the bulkhead 2 by a mud pipe 23. The shield machine 1 to which these devices are connected receives the pressing force from the main pushing jack 25 installed in the shaft 33 at the rearmost pressure receiving portion 21 via the fume pipe 31 supporting the ground 34,
It is a mechanism to promote.

In the tunnel excavation method using the shield machine 1 of the present embodiment, the mud pumped from the ground mud feeder 28 through the mud pipe 23 into the face 32 from the mud supply port 12 of the bulkhead 2. The excavation work is performed by rotating the cutter head 7 while press-fitting and increasing the pressure in the face to prevent collapse of the ground 34. The fume pipe 31 is pushed in by the primary push jack 25 at the same time as the excavation work, so that the ground 34 in the tunnel portion is supported, and the shield excavator 1 as a whole is advanced. The soil and stone 35 excavated by the cutter head 7 are mixed with the mud pressed into the face, maintain the pressure in the face as fluid earth in the face, and play a role in preventing collapse of the excavated ground. When the amount of sediment in the face increases and the pressure in the face exceeds an appropriate value, the discharge gate 4 is opened by the stop gate 3 of the bulkhead 2 to remove the sediment. When the pressure in the face decreases, the drain gate 4 is closed again by the stop gate 3 so that the pressure in the face does not decrease too much. The earth and sand introduced into the sludge pipe 13 from the sludge outlet 4 reaches the trommel 14 through the sludge pipe 13 and is separated into large stones 35 and mud and sand. The mud and sand enter the mud storage tank 16, are sucked by the vacuum suction device 26, pass through the sludge pipe 22, and are collected in the tank 27. Part of the mud collected in the tank 27 is sent to the mud feeder 28 and returned to the face 32 again. On the other hand, the stones 35 separated by the trommel 14 are collectively transported to the shaft 33 by the trolley 24 and are carried out.

When a sudden load is applied to the cutter head 7 of the shield machine 1 of the present invention and the rotation thereof is stopped, the four cylinders 17 are uniformly operated and contracted to obtain the ground 3
The machine main pipe 1a including the cutter head 7 and the subsequent pipe front 1c are retracted farther by the amount of expansion and contraction L of the cylinder 17 with respect to the subsequent pipe rear 1d held at 4. Since the cutter head 7 retreats more than the bite of the center bit 7a, the center bit 7a also comes off the ground 34, and the entire cutter head 7 is completely separated from the face and becomes rotatable again. When the cutter head 7 is rotated to start the excavation again, the load is reduced as compared with before, and the excavation can proceed relatively smoothly. During excavation, the cylinder 17 is extended to return to the original state, to cope with the rotation stop. Shield machine 1
If the excavation direction is greatly deviated due to an obstacle or the like in the ground 34 during the excavation at
7, the machine main pipe 1a and the front trailing pipe 1c can be easily retreated greatly, and after retreating, the normal direction correction by the direction correction jack 20 is performed, or the four cylinders 1
7 to adjust the machine main pipe 1a and the subsequent pipe front 1c.
Is tilted at a small angle with respect to the rear portion 1d of the succeeding pipe, and the cutter head 7 is directed in the correct excavation direction. When excavation is resumed and the entire shield machine 1 returns to the correct plan line, cylinder 1
7 may be extended to the original state.

When the shield excavator 1 according to the present embodiment is pushed by the original pushing jack 25 without rotating the cutter head 7 due to an operation mistake or the like, the pressure applied to the cylinder 17 is about 100 kgf / cm during a normal excavation operation. ² to a value exceeding the allowable upper limit of 350 kgf / cm ² , and the relief valve 17 b of the hydraulic circuit 17 a of the cylinder 17 operates to release hydraulic oil, so that the hydraulic pressure in the cylinder 17 is released and the cylinder 17 Is shrunk by the pressure applied. The rear part of the following pipe 1
Only d moves forward and the machine main pipe 1a
Further, the forward movement of the following tube front part 1c is stopped to prevent troubles of the cutter head 7 and the like.

[0013]

According to the present invention, by employing the above-described structure, the state in which the bit of the cutter head bites into the ground and becomes unrotatable is caused by retreating the main pipe of the machine and the front of the subsequent pipe largely. It can be easily and quickly restored, reducing the time impact of excavation work due to the stoppage and greatly improving the efficiency of the entire work. In addition, the excavation direction can be changed only by the excavator body, and the excavation direction can be easily changed.
The tunnel can be reliably excavated along the planning line.

If a relief valve is provided in the hydraulic circuit of the cylinders of the front and rear succeeding pipes, the machine main pipe and the front of the succeeding pipe will not move forward even if the shield excavator is pushed in due to a work error or the like. Prevents accidents such as breakage of the cutter head and rotating spindle caused by pushing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a latter half of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a first half of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view of a latter half of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of a first half of the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a rear view showing the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a retreating operation of a main part of the machine and a front part of the subsequent part of the embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a hydraulic circuit of a cylinder according to the embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a tunnel excavation operation using the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield excavator 1a Machine main pipe 1b Subsequent pipe 1c Subsequent pipe front 1d Subsequent pipe rear 2 Bulkhead 3 Stop gate 4 Drain port 5 Pressure sensor 6 Pressure introduction hole 7 Cutter head 8 Shield 8a Front shield 8b Rear shield 9 Reduction gear Motor with rotation 10 Rotating main shaft 11 Gear 12 Mud supply port 13 Drainage pipe 14 Trommel 15 Drive device 16 Mud storage tank 17 Cylinder 17a Hydraulic circuit 17b Relief valve 17c Tank 17d Main control unit 18 Packing 19 Victory joint 20 Direction correction jack 21 Part 22 mud drain pipe 23 mud feed pipe 24 minecart 25 main push jack 26 vacuum suction device 27 tank 28 mud feed device 29 underground blower compressor 30 air pipe 31 fume pipe 32 face face 33 shaft 34 soil 35 stone 36 mud soil

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21D 9/06 311 E21D 9/06 301

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] An excavating cutter head having a bit attached thereto is rotatably attached to a front portion of a main pipe of a machine, and a bulk head is provided at a rear side of the cutter head to separate a cutting face from a pit.
The bulkhead is provided with a mud outlet for discharging sediment in the face, and a trommel for separating mud, sand and stone is installed in a subsequent pipe connected to the back of the main pipe of the machine, and the mud outlet of the trommel and the bulkhead is drained. In a shield tunneling machine for tunnel excavation connected by pipes, the pipe following the shield tunneling machine is trommel
Are separated forward and backward as if at the front, and the separated front part of the subsequent pipe is slidably connected to the rear part of the subsequent pipe, and the outer peripheral shield separated front and rear is engaged in a nectar shape, Provide a plurality of hydraulic cylinders with a stroke longer than the bit length of the largest bit at the tip of the cutter head, between the front and rear of the succeeding pipe, and set the machine main pipe and the front of the subsequent pipe to the maximum with respect to the rear of the succeeding pipe. A shield excavator characterized in that it can be pulled backwards longer than the bit length. 2. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein a relief valve that releases hydraulic pressure when a pressing force exceeding an allowable range is applied to the cylinder is provided in a hydraulic circuit of the cylinder. 3. The machine main pipe is separated back and forth, and
With water-tight connection and a direction correction jack at the connection part
The angle of the front of the machine main pipe can be changed by a small angle by installing multiple
The sludge pipe inside the main pipe of the machine is
The shield machine according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the degree of change can be changed .