JP2923909B2 - Pyrolysis furnace for polymer waste - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pyrolysis furnace for polymer waste, and more particularly, to a pyrolysis furnace used for pyrolysis performed in a recycling process for recycling polymer waste. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, the problem of resource depletion and the problem of pollution due to the large amount of garbage have been emphasized. Is coming.

[0003] In particular, polymer materials represented by plastics made from petroleum and the like have wide applications and are deeply penetrating into ordinary life, and efficient recycling facilities are required.

Conventionally, in the recycling of polymer waste, a method called a batch method has been widely used.
In the batch method, polymer waste to be thermally decomposed is crushed, put into a pyrolysis pot, and vaporized by heating from the surroundings. This vaporized high molecular waste breaks the connection of molecules by vaporization,
It becomes a polymer material having a lower carbon content. The polymer-based material having a reduced carbon content in this way is recovered as liquid oil. In addition, depending on the type of polymer waste, there is a case where the chains of molecules are not broken so that it is liquefied in one vaporization. In the batch method, the polymer waste not liquefied is transferred to another pot. And repeat the heating. In order to vaporize all the polymer-based waste, several stages of pyrolysis furnaces are prepared, and the temperature to be added is changed stepwise. Thereafter, it is recovered as light oil, heavy oil, etc. through various reaction processes.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a process of recycling polymer waste. First, polymer waste is collected in pretreatment, and the collected polymer waste such as waste plastic is crushed or reduced in volume (solidified) and stored. The stored polymer waste is then fed into an apparatus for performing the main treatment. The input polymer waste is melted, decomposed, and gasified by external heating while being stirred in the decomposition vessel of the melting and decomposing furnace, and is guided to the reaction tower. In the reaction tower, the decomposition gas is catalytically decomposed by the metal catalyst in the reaction tower, and is led to the KO pot. In the KO pot,
Among the decomposed gases, undecomposed and heavy gases are liquefied here and returned to the decomposer, where they are thermally decomposed again. The non-liquefied gas is led to a condensing (cooling) device. In the condenser, the decomposed gas is liquefied from a substance having a high molecular weight and stored in a recovery tank by, for example, a multi-stage (hot water cooling, air cooling, water cooling) condenser, and is used as fuel for a burner of an oil liquefier. In the gas washing tower, uncondensed gas that is not liquefied is washed in the gas washing tower and completely burned by the combustion equipment. Metals and the like remain at the bottom of the melting pot of the melting and cracking furnace, and these are discharged by, for example, a vacuum after cooling the apparatus. Heat is supplied to the melting and cracking furnace by burning a burner, generating high-temperature air, and circulating this air around the melting and cracking furnace.

[0006]

However, in conventional polymer waste treatment, waste that could not be decomposed in one melting furnace is transferred to another melting furnace and exposed to a higher temperature. Pyrolysis of undecomposed waste by heating, and furthermore, if the waste which is insufficiently pyrolyzed remains, it is transferred to another melting and decomposing furnace and decomposed by applying higher temperature heat. The decomposition process was underway. However,
It is not preferable from the viewpoint of work efficiency to transfer the waste remaining without being decomposed in such a way to another kettle, and polymer wastes having different decomposition temperatures are processed in one step. It is preferable to realize a continuous operation in which decomposition is performed continuously. In addition, the above-described method has a problem that the entire scale of the apparatus is very large and the equipment cost is enormous.

Further, in the conventional heating method from the bottom and side surfaces of the kettle body, not only the time required for the pyrolysis is lengthened, but also the pyrolysis target filled in the inside is carbonized, and the purpose is to recover it. Not only does the yield of certain objects, such as oil, decrease, but there is a problem in that the treatment of the carbides is also difficult.

[0008] Further, for example, a problem of dust treatment in municipalities can be considered. At this time, polymer wastes to be treated include not only metals but also inorganic substances and the like which are not subject to thermal decomposition. Contamination is expected. Therefore,
It is advantageous to have such a configuration that easily removes the thermal decomposition target from the viewpoint of work efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to continuously decompose a polymer waste, to easily remove an object to be thermally decomposed, to have a simple structure, to reduce equipment cost, An object of the present invention is to provide a pyrolysis furnace for polymer waste, which can also reduce the size of the apparatus itself.

[0010]

According to the present invention, there is provided a pyrolysis furnace used for recycling polymer waste according to the present invention, wherein a raw material melting tank into which the polymer waste is charged and a raw material melting tank charged into the raw material melting tank.
To dissolve the polymer waste, a first heating means for heating said raw material dissolution vessel from the ambient, the first end is attached to a lower portion of the raw material melting tank, the second end Previous
Than the lower of the serial raw material dissolution vessel provided above, it was dissolved
A pyrolysis inclined pipe for introducing the polymer waste, and one end
Is attached to the pyrolysis inclined tube, and the other end is immersed in water.
And is configured to prevent air from entering inside,
A discharge pipe that discharges substances that did not exist as garbage, and
You provided above the serial pyrolysis gradient tube of the second end, such that the temperature higher than the first end, which is provided in the lower portion of the raw material melting tank, inclined pipe for the thermal decomposition consisting of dissolved the polymer waste and a second heating means for applying heat to pyrolysis.

[0011] According to another embodiment of the present invention, in order to dissolve the raw material melting tank for polymer waste is turned on, the polymer waste that is put into the raw material melting tank, the a first heating means for heating the <br/> material dissolution vessel from the ambient, the first end is attached to a lower portion of the raw material melting tank,
The second end is provided above the lower portion of the raw material melting tank, pyrolysis gradient tube for introducing the polymer waste dissolved, attached at one end to the inclined pipe for thermal decomposition, and the other end The water
Structured to prevent air from entering inside by immersing inside
Waste that is not thermally decomposed as waste
And use the pipe, the pyrolysis gradient tube is accommodated is inserted into the pyrolysis chamber which is divided into a plurality of chambers, the temperature of the plurality of rooms from a first end of the pyrolysis gradient tube second is adjusted gradually so that the temperature becomes higher as it goes to the end, comprising the dissolved the polymer waste of the thermal decomposition gradient tube and a second heating means for applying heat to pyrolysis.

According to the structure of the present invention, it is possible to continuously carry out the recycling process of the polymer waste, and it is not necessary to pretreat the polymer waste to be put into the pyrolysis furnace. .

Further, instead of performing the treatment in a multi-stage manner using a conventional kettle, the inside of the inclined pyrolysis tube having a temperature gradient is converted by a screw feeder into a paste-like polymer waste. Since it is only transported, a small pyrolysis furnace can be formed.

[0014]

FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention. The pyrolysis furnace shown in FIG.
01 is provided, a screw feeder 115 is provided inside, and the inclined pipe 10 for thermal decomposition is disposed obliquely upward from the bottom of the raw material melting tank 102.
4. Disposal pipe 113 for discharging waste such as inorganic substances and metals mixed in polymer waste, water separation tank 114 for separating waste, and melting for circulating hot air around raw material melting tank 102. A thermal decomposition unit 103 that accommodates a hot-air generating furnace for a tank and an inclined pipe 104 for thermal decomposition and circulates hot air;
And a hot-air generating furnace 105 for thermal decomposition for sending hot air to the thermal decomposition section 103 for circulation.

The hot air generator 111 for the melting tank is provided with a fan 110 for generating and circulating hot air and a burner 109 for the melting tank. Similarly, a fan 106 for generating hot air and a burner 107 for thermal decomposition are also provided in the hot air generating furnace 105 for thermal decomposition.

The hot air generated by the hot air generator 111 for the melting tank is circulated around the raw material melting tank 102 through the blower 108 for hot air circulation of the melting tank.
Heat is applied to the polymer-based waste supplied from step 01, and at least those that can be dissolved are dissolved to form a paste. The temperature required to partially convert the polymer waste supplied from the raw material inlet 101 into a paste (hereinafter simply referred to as paste) is about 250 ° C., which is higher than necessary. No need.

The temperature of the raw material dissolving tank 102 depends on the temperature of the raw material dissolving tank 1.
The temperature is monitored by a hot air temperature sensor for melting provided in a hot air circulation path near 02 and adjusted so as to always maintain an optimum temperature.

A pyrolysis inclined tube 104 is attached to the bottom of the raw material dissolving tank 102, and conveys polymer waste in the form of paste. A screw feeder 115 driven by a driving device (not shown) is inserted into the pyrolysis inclined tube 104 for transporting the polymer waste in the form of a paste. The paste-like polymer-based waste stored in 102 is conveyed upward in the inclined tube 104 for thermal decomposition. Pyrolysis unit 10 for storing pyrolysis inclined tube 104
The hot air generated by the pyrolysis burner 107 and the fan 106 is circulated in 3.

The circulation speed of the hot air inside the thermal decomposition section 103 is as follows:
The temperature is adjusted so as to increase toward the upper part of the thermal decomposition section 103. This adjustment is achieved by monitoring the value measured by a temperature sensor (not shown) provided in the thermal decomposition section 103 and adjusting the circulation rate to an appropriate value. In this manner, the higher the temperature of the inclined pyrolysis tube 104 becomes, the higher the temperature becomes. As a result, all the polymer waste having different gasification temperatures can be gasified.

Since high-temperature waste can explode when it comes into contact with air in a high temperature state, the pyrolysis inclined tube 10
4 is configured so that air does not enter. A dust discharging pipe 11 is provided above the inclined pipe 104 for pyrolysis.
3 is provided to remove metals, inorganic substances, and the like that are not gasified even when exposed to a high temperature as they go up the thermal decomposition inclined tube 104. Water is filled in the garbage separation water seal tank 114, and the tip of the garbage discharge pipe 113 is immersed in the water. By doing so, the thermal decomposition inclined tube 10
From 4, metal and inorganic matter remaining without being gasified pass through the refuse discharge pipe 113 and fall into the water seal tank 114 for refuse separation, and the refuse can be separated from the high-molecular-weight waste for recycling. In addition, the waste discharge pipe 113
Is inserted into the water, so that air does not enter the pyrolysis inclined pipe 104 from the refuse discharge pipe 113, thus preventing the gasified polymer waste from exploding. I can do it.

[0021] The gasified polymer waste is guided to the following device (not shown), and is recovered as oil. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the pyrolysis furnace of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the hot air sent from the hot air generator 111 for the melting tank circulates around the raw material melting tank 102 as shown by the arrow, and the polymer waste contained therein is circulated. Dissolve the material and blower for hot air circulation in dissolution tank 20
4, a part is discharged as exhaust gas, and the rest is circulated again to the hot air generator 111 for the melting tank, and is again heated and sent out from the blower 108 for hot air circulation for melting the raw material melting tank 102. You.

Similarly, the hot air circulating inside the thermal decomposition section 103 is also heated in the hot air generating furnace 105 for thermal decomposition, and
03, and is sent again to the hot air generating furnace 105 for heat decomposition through the hot air circulation blower 202 for heat decomposition. As described above, the circulation speed of the hot air circulating in the thermal decomposition unit 103 is adjusted such that the temperature is lower below the thermal decomposition unit 103 and the temperature gradient is higher so that the temperature goes upward. You. This temperature gradient is adjusted to provide the temperature required to gasify various polymeric wastes. For example, the temperature for gasifying polymer waste is set to 3
When the temperature is changed from 50 ° C. to 500 ° C., the thermal decomposition inclined tube 104
Above, the temperature of the thermal decomposition section 103 is adjusted to about 500 ° C. For this adjustment, a temperature sensor (not shown) provided in the thermal decomposition section 103 or the hot air circulation blower 202 for thermal decomposition is used, and the temperature sensor is constantly monitored to read a change in temperature or the like.

As shown in the figure, the melt of the polymer waste accumulated in the raw material dissolving tank 102 is guided to four inclined pipes 104 for thermal decomposition by a screw feeder (not shown). As the decomposition inclined pipe 104 moves upward, it is sequentially gasified, and everything that can be gasified before reaching the decomposition gas collecting pipe 201 is gasified. The gasified polymer-based waste is collected by a decomposition gas collecting pipe 201 and guided to the next device from a pyrolysis gas outlet 203.

As described above, by allowing the polymer-based waste to pass through the inclined pipe 104 for thermal decomposition having a temperature gradient, the properties of the decomposition products can be changed due to the difference in the thermal decomposition temperature. It is possible to change from gasoline, kerosene, light oil to heavy oil only by changing the decomposition temperature depending on the method of recycling the decomposition products.

Further, according to the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention, there is no restriction on the shape and properties of the polymer waste at the stage of charging the polymer waste. The disadvantage of the conventional multi-stage apparatus is that the polymer-based waste must be separated. According to the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention, it is only necessary to pulverize the polymer waste to be fed into the pyrolysis inclined pipe 104 to such an extent that it can be transported, and pretreatment such as separation is not required.

FIG. 3 is a side view of another embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention. In the figure, components having the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same components as those in FIG.

As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the thermal decomposition section 103 of FIG. 1 is divided into three thermal decomposition chambers 301, 302,
303. Each of the thermal decomposition chambers is provided with a hot-air generator for thermal decomposition 304, 305, and 306, and the first hot-air generator for thermal decomposition 304 is provided in the first thermal decomposition chamber 3
01 and circulates the hot air inside.
The hot blast generating furnace 305 circulates inside the second pyrolysis chamber 302, and the third hot blast generating furnace 306 circulates inside the third thermal decomposition chamber 303.

The thermal decomposition inclined pipe 104 is provided so as to penetrate the first to third thermal decomposition chambers and to incline obliquely upward. The first to third pyrolysis chambers are maintained at different temperatures, respectively, and the temperature of the first pyrolysis chamber is lowest,
Set the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber to be the highest. As described above, since the temperature for gasifying the polymer waste is set at 350 ° C. to 500 ° C. as described above,
For example, the temperature of the first thermal decomposition chamber is set to about 350 ° C., the temperature of the third thermal decomposition chamber is set to 500 ° C., and the temperature of the second thermal decomposition chamber is set to an appropriate temperature between these temperatures.

As described above, by providing the thermal decomposition inclined pipe 104 so as to penetrate the rooms having different temperatures, it is possible to surely set a different temperature depending on the location of the thermal decomposition inclined pipe 104. Some polymer-based waste conveyed in the pyrolysis inclined tube 104 by a screw feeder (not shown) is gasified in a part of the first pyrolysis chamber 301 and remains there without being gasified. Some of them are gasified in the second pyrolysis chamber 302. What is not gasified in the second thermal decomposition chamber 302 is sent to the third thermal decomposition chamber 303 and gasified. Those that are not gasified in the third thermal decomposition chamber 303, such as metals and inorganic substances, are guided to the waste separation water seal tank 114 through the waste discharge pipe 113, and separated as waste.

In the figure, the hot-air generating furnace 111 for the melting tank and the hot-air generating furnaces 304 to 30 for the first to third thermal decomposition are shown.
Although not shown in FIG. 6, it is needless to say that a burner, a fan and the like are provided to generate hot air.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the pyrolysis furnace of the embodiment shown in FIG. In the figure, components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 2 and 3 are the same as the components in FIGS. 2 and 3.

As is apparent from FIG. 3, the first to third pyrolysis chambers 301 to 303 receive hot air generated in the first to third hot air generating furnaces 304 to 306, respectively.
It is circulated through hot air circulation blowers 401 to 403 for thermal decomposition. As described above, the temperatures of the first to third thermal decomposition chambers are adjusted so that the first thermal decomposition chamber 301 is the lowest and the third thermal decomposition chamber 303 is the highest. In particular, the third pyrolysis chamber 3
The temperature of 03 is set to a temperature at which the polymer waste to be recycled is sufficiently gasified.

The polymer waste in the form of paste stored in the raw material dissolving tank 102 is guided into the pyrolysis inclined tube 104 by a screw feeder (not shown) and passes through the first to third pyrolysis chambers 301 to 303. As the temperature rises, the polymer is gradually exposed to higher temperatures, and polymer waste containing various materials is gasified. Metals and inorganic substances that are not decomposed in the third pyrolysis chamber 303 are automatically separated, and only gasified polymer waste is collected in the decomposed gas collecting pipe 201, and the next processing is performed from the pyrolysis gas outlet 203. It leads to the equipment to do.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a thermal gradient is given to the inclined tube 104 for thermal decomposition by utilizing a temperature difference generated inside the thermal decomposition section 103. This is the thermal decomposition unit 10
This utilizes the phenomenon that high-temperature air accumulates above 3 and the temperature of the air decreases as going downward.
On the other hand, in the case of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the thermal decomposition section 103 is divided into first to third thermal decomposition chambers 301 to 303, and each of them is set to a different temperature, so that the thermal decomposition slope is formed. The amount of heat applied to the tube 104 is changed to generate a temperature gradient. According to this, the temperature control is simpler than in FIGS. 1 and 2, and it is possible to reliably generate a temperature gradient in the thermal decomposition inclined tube 104. However, for this purpose, the first to third pyrolysis hot-air generating furnaces 304 to 306 are provided in the first to third pyrolysis chambers 301 to 303, respectively,
Since it is necessary to provide the first to third hot-air circulation blowers 401 to 403 for thermal decomposition and to circulate the hot air independently of each other, the configuration of the thermal decomposition furnace tends to be slightly complicated and large.

Although the number of the thermal decomposition chambers is three in FIGS. 3 and 4, it is not always necessary to provide such a configuration. Good. 2 and 4 in the above-described embodiment.
As shown in (4), in each case, four thermal decomposition inclined tubes are provided, but the number of the thermal decomposition inclined tubes is not limited to four, but may be any number.

[0037]

According to the present invention, the polymer waste can be continuously recycled, and there is no need to pre-treat the polymer waste put into the pyrolysis furnace.

Further, instead of performing the treatment in a multistage manner using a conventional kettle, the inside of the inclined pyrolysis tube having a temperature gradient is converted by a screw feeder into the polymer waste in the form of paste. Since it is only transported, a small pyrolysis furnace can be formed.

In addition, metals and inorganic substances other than the object of thermal decomposition are separated by the refuse discharge pipe without being gasified, so that it is not necessary to remove the objects other than the object of thermal decomposition.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the pyrolysis furnace of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of another embodiment of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the pyrolysis furnace of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a process of recycling polymer waste.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Raw material input port 102 Raw material melting tank 103 Thermal decomposition part 104 Thermal decomposition inclined tube 105 Thermal decomposition hot air generator 106, 110 Fan 107 Thermal decomposition burner 108, 204 Melting tank hot air circulation blower 109 Melting tank burner 111 Melting Hot air generating furnace for tank 112 Hot air temperature sensor for melting 113 Waste gas pipe 114 Water seal tank for waste separation 115 Screw feeder 201 Decomposed gas collecting pipe 202 Hot air circulation blower for thermal decomposition 203 Thermal gas outlet 301 First thermal decomposition chamber 302 2 thermal decomposition chamber 303 third thermal decomposition chamber 304 first hot air generator for thermal decomposition 305 second hot air generator for thermal decomposition 306 third hot air generator for thermal decomposition 401 first hot air circulation blower for first thermal decomposition 402 second heat Hot air circulation blower for decomposition 403 3rd hot air circulation blower for thermal decomposition

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C10G 1/10 B09B 3/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A pyrolysis furnace used for recycling polymer waste, comprising: a raw material dissolving tank into which the polymer waste is charged; and a polymer dissolving tank charged into the raw material dissolving tank. First heating means for heating the raw material dissolving tank from the surroundings, a first end attached to a lower part of the raw material dissolving tank,
Is provided above the lower part of the raw material dissolving tank,
An inclined pipe for thermal decomposition for introducing the dissolved polymer waste, one end of the inclined pipe for thermal decomposition is attached, and the other end is immersed in water.
To prevent air from entering inside,
Discharge pipe that discharges unremoved substances as garbage
When, towards the second end provided above the pyrolysis gradient tube, such that the temperature higher than the first end, which is provided in the lower portion of the raw material melting tank, for the thermal decomposition And a second heating means for applying heat for thermally decomposing the polymer waste dissolved in the inclined tube. 2. The pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, wherein a screw feeder for introducing the dissolved polymer waste is provided inside the inclined tube for pyrolysis. . 3. A pyrolysis furnace used for recycling polymer waste, comprising: a raw material dissolving tank into which the polymeric waste is charged ; and a polymer dissolving tank charged into the raw material dissolving tank. First heating means for heating the raw material dissolving tank from the surroundings, a first end attached to a lower part of the raw material dissolving tank,
Is provided above the lower part of the raw material dissolving tank,
An inclined pipe for thermal decomposition for introducing the dissolved polymer waste, one end of the inclined pipe for thermal decomposition is attached, and the other end is immersed in water.
To prevent air from entering inside,
Discharge pipe that discharges unremoved substances as garbage
And the thermal decomposition inclined tube is inserted into and housed in a thermal decomposition chamber divided into a plurality of rooms, and the temperature of the plurality of rooms is increased from a first end of the thermal decomposition inclined tube to a second end. And a second heating means for applying heat for thermally decomposing the polymer waste dissolved in the inclined tube for thermal decomposition, the temperature being adjusted so as to gradually increase as the temperature goes. Pyrolysis furnace. Inside the wherein the inclined pipe the pyrolysis, the pyrolysis furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that the screw feeder for introducing said polymer waste dissolved is provided .