JP2922115B2 - Operation type machine tool - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an operation type machine tool for performing various machining operations by manually moving feed axes of X, Y, and Z axes to relatively move a tool and a work.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional general-purpose machine tool, a tool mounted on a main shaft and a work mounted on a table are relatively moved by feed screws and nut mechanisms provided on respective feed axes of X, Y, and Z axes. And work the machine by operating the machine by operating the manual handle. This general-purpose machine tool is suitable for simple processing such as processing of a plane parallel to the X, Y, and Z axes, but requires skill for complicated processing such as oblique line processing and arc processing. On the other hand, the NC machine tool is provided with a servomotor on each of the X, Y, and Z-axis feed axes to relatively move a tool attached to the main spindle and a work attached to the table based on the NC program. Work the work. This NC machine tool is suitable for complicated machining, but for simple machining, an NC program for each machining must be prepared, and it takes time to create the NC program and machining efficiency is reduced. Therefore, if a composite NC machine tool having both of these functions is provided, a machine tool suitable for both simple and complicated machining can be realized. The composite NC machine tool disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-124247 discloses an X-, Y-, and Z-axis machine which is operated by manual system operation, handle operation, data setting, etc. in addition to the original NC automatic machining by the NC program. By inputting a moving range, an oblique line feed angle, an arc feed center position, and the like, various types of processing can be performed.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned compound NC machine tool has a problem in that operations such as numerical input are complicated, require proficiency, and are liable to cause operational errors. The operation type machine tool described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-143091 and Japanese Patent Application No. 5-253596 filed by the applicant of the present application makes it possible to operate the oblique line operation and the arc operation of a tool or a work with a manual handle, and to display a display screen. Numerical settings can be input while viewing, improving operability and work efficiency.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned operation type machine tool, the present position of the feed axis of the tool is displayed by being shifted from the position on the drawing of the workpiece to be machined by the tool radius. There is a problem that an operation error easily occurs.

Therefore, the present invention does not cause the above problem, and does not shift the display of the current position of the feed axis of the tool by the tool radius.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide an operation-type machine tool which displays the size of a workpiece to be processed in accordance with the dimensions on a processing drawing and eliminates the operation error by the operator.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a display data selection method in which the tool diameter data set by the tool diameter setting means is added to the current position data output from the current position output means. An operation type machine tool is provided in which the display position of a tool is made to coincide with the dimension of a workpiece on a machining drawing by adding or subtracting the display data operation means by selecting one of the means. More specifically, according to the present invention, X,
Current position output means for outputting the current position data of each feed axis in an operation type machine tool which feeds each feed axis of Y and Z axes by manual operation and relatively moves a tool and a work to perform various processing. And tool diameter setting means for setting the tool diameter data of the tool; and addition data obtained by adding the tool diameter data set by the tool diameter setting means to the current position data output from the current position output means. Display data subtraction of the tool diameter data from the current position data, display data selection means to specify whether to display the current position data as it is, the addition data selected by the display data selection means, Alternatively, there is provided an operation type machine tool comprising: display data calculation means for calculating the subtraction data and sending the calculation result to a display unit.

[0007]

According to the operation type machine tool of the present invention, the tool diameter data set by the tool diameter setting means is added to the tool current position data outputted from the current position output means by the display data selecting means and the display data calculating means. Without adding or subtracting, or adding or subtracting, the current position of the tool is displayed in accordance with the dimensions of the workpiece to be machined while displaying the current position of the tool. Work is processed by moving the workpiece.

[0008]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. A machine operation unit 4 and a display unit 5 are incorporated in a machine operation device (not shown), and a machine control unit 3 and a feed control unit 1 are similarly incorporated in a machine control device (not shown). The machine operation unit 4 is provided with a tool diameter setting unit 51 and a display data selection unit, and the machine control unit 3 is provided with a display data calculation unit 31 and a storage unit 32. Further, the machine operating device and the machine control device will be described with reference to FIG. The manual handle operation unit 2 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with an X-axis manual handle 2X, a Y-axis manual handle 2Y, and a Z-axis manual handle 2Z, and the manual handles 2X, 2Y,
The manual pulse generator (not shown) is built in the 2Z, and the feed motors 6X, 6Y, 6Z of each axis can be driven according to the operation of the manual handles 2X, 2Y, 2Z. The machine body 7 includes an X-axis feed motor 6X,
A scale 8 for each axis which includes a Y-axis feed motor 6Y and a Z-axis feed motor 6Z, and further reads the mechanical position of each feed axis.
X, 8Y, and 8Z. The feed control unit 1 includes a memory 11 for storing information on a machine position, a calculation unit 12 for calculating an angle of a diagonal line described later, and the like, and a movement command to a feed motor of each axis in response to an operation of a manual handle of each axis. And a function generator 13 for generating.

FIG. 2 is an external view of a machine operation unit according to the present invention. The machine operation unit 4 includes an operation selection switch 40, a numeric setting dial 41, an alphanumeric key 42, a setting switch 43, a designation reset key 44, calculation designation keys 45 to 48, and a display unit 5. The operation selection switch 40 is capable of selecting a mode of “normal”, “angle”, and “arc”. When processing is performed by a normal three-axis linear operation parallel to the normal X, Y, and Z axes, “ When processing a workpiece along an oblique line having an inclined angle that is not parallel to the X, Y, and Z axes in the “normal” mode, the mode is changed to the “angle” mode, and any one of the X, Y, and Z axes or In the case of processing a workpiece by an arc motion based on a combined motion of three axes, a mode of “arc” is selected. The numerical value setting dial 41 is a rotary input device used for inputting and setting numerical values such as the movement amounts of the X, Y, and Z axes, the angle of the oblique line operation, and the center position of the circular arc operation, and presses the setting switch 43. And the numerical value designated by the numerical value setting dial 41 are input and set. The alphanumeric key 42 is a key input type switch used for inputting and setting the same numerical value as the numerical value setting dial 41 while viewing the screen of the display unit 5. These alphanumeric keys 42 and numerical value setting dial 41 function as tool diameter setting means. Display data selection means 52
Are designated reset key 44 and position display shift keys 45 to 45
48. The designated reset key 44 is a switch for resetting all the contents designated by the position display shift keys 45 to 48. Position display shift key 45, 4
6, 47, and 48 are indicated by + X, -X, + Y, and -Y, respectively. Whether the tool radius is added to the current position data in the X-axis direction or displayed by subtracting in the X-axis direction is displayed. , Y
The switch is used to specify whether to add and display in the axial direction or to subtract and display in the Y-axis direction. The designated reset key 44 and the position display shift key 4
The display units 5, 46, 47, and 48 are provided with a selection switch display unit that turns on when designated and turns off when the designation is released. The display can indicate to the operator which key is designated. Here, X
Only the position shift keys for the axis and the Y axis are provided, but a position display shift key for the Z axis may be provided as necessary.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an operation type machine tool according to the present invention. The illustrated machine operation device 33 is provided with the machine operation unit 4 and the display unit 5 shown in FIG.
0 incorporates the machine control unit 3 and the feed control unit 1 shown in FIG. A column 101 is erected on the base 100 shown in FIG. 3, and a knee 102 is provided movably up and down along a guide surface on the front surface of the column 101. Knee 1
Numeral 02 configures the Z axis so that the Z axis can be moved up and down by operating the Z axis manual handle 2Z. A Z-axis feed motor (not shown) is provided on the Z-axis, and automatic feeding is also possible. The table 103 is movable left and right along the guide surface of the knee 102, and has an X axis configured to move left and right by operating the X axis manual handle 2X. The X-axis can be automatically fed by driving an X-axis feed motor (not shown) in the same manner as the Z-axis.

A ram base 104 is mounted on the column 101, and a ram 105 is mounted movably back and forth along a guide surface on the upper surface of the ram base 104. The ram 105 is moved back and forth by operating a Y-axis manual handle 2Y. Thus, the Y axis is configured. Like the other axes, the Y-axis can be automatically fed by driving a Y-axis feed motor (not shown). The spindle head 10 is provided on the front of the ram 105.
6, the main shaft 120 is rotatable therein,
Moreover, it is mounted parallel to the Z axis.

A tool 130 is mounted on the tip of the spindle 120, and a rotational force is applied by the spindle motor 107. In the present embodiment, the desired machining is performed by relatively moving the tool 130 and the workpiece 200 by operating the manual handle of each axis or automatically feeding by the feed motor of each axis.

The manual handle operation unit 2 includes an X-axis manual handle 2X, a Y-axis manual handle 2Y, and a Z-axis manual handle 2.
Z is provided. An automatic feed speed setting dial 21 and an X-axis automatic feed switch 2 are provided near the manual handle operation unit 2.
A 2X, Y-axis automatic feed switch 22Y and a Z-axis automatic feed switch 22Z are provided, and by operating these switches, it is possible to select between manual feed and automatic feed. Stop button 2 for emergency stop
3 are provided.

On the right side of the machine body, there is a machine control unit 30 in which a machine control unit 3 and a feed control unit 1 are provided. A machine operation device 33 is provided above the machine control device 30, and various operation devices shown in FIG. 2 are attached. Further, an X-axis scale 8X for reading the current position of the machine, a Y-axis scale 8Y,
A Z-axis scale 8Z is attached, and the position of the machine can be displayed on the display unit 5 in the machine operation device 31 by reading output from the scale. In this embodiment, the position of the machine means the current position of the tool center. Instead of the scales 8X, 8Y, 8Z, each axis feed motor 6X,
The outputs of the rotary encoders built in 6Y and 6Z may be used as the current position data of the X, Y and Z axes.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing examples of screen display on the display unit 5 of the present invention, wherein FIG. 4A shows a normal operation, FIG.
(C) is a diagram showing a screen in each mode of the arc operation respectively. Each mode of the normal operation, the angle operation, and the arc operation is selected by the operation selection switch 40, and each screen of each mode illustrated in the display unit 5 is displayed. In the normal operation mode shown in FIG. 4A, the coordinate values of the X, Y, and Z axes of the target position of the tool axis to be moved are set in the movement amount column on the screen using the numerical value setting dial 41 or the alphanumeric keys 42. input. The set coordinate values are stored in the memory 11 of the feed control unit 1. After setting the coordinate values, turning any one of the manual handles 2X, 2Y, or 2Z starts the axis feed of the tool axis from the current position a of the tool axis to the target position b, c, or d, thereby starting the target position. , The axis feed ends. The tool axis is sent obliquely from point a to point d. Using the automatic feed switches 22X, 22Y or 22Z, axial feed can be performed under the control of the feed control unit 1.

In the oblique line operation mode shown in FIG. 4B, when the tool axis is to be fed obliquely with respect to the X axis, the angle θ between the X axis and the oblique line direction is displayed in the angle θ column on the screen. Is set and input using the numerical value setting dial 41 or the alphanumeric keys 42. The set angle θ is stored in the memory 11.
There are other methods for setting this angle. This method uses the numerical value setting dial 41 or the alphanumeric key 42 to set the coordinate values of the X and Y axes at two points on the oblique line where the tool axis is to be sent.
The angle θ is obtained by calculating from the two points. After setting the angle, turning the X-axis manual handle 2X moves the tool in a direction parallel to the oblique line, and turning the Y-axis manual handle 2Y moves the tool in the direction perpendicular to the oblique line. Therefore, cutting feed is performed by operating the X-axis manual handle 2X, and cutting feed is performed by operating the Y-axis manual handle 2Y. Arrows X + and X- at the illustrated current position point a indicate the movement and direction by the X-axis handle, and arrows Y + and Y- indicate the movement and direction by the Y-axis handle to appeal to the operator's vision to prevent malfunction. Improving sex.

In the arc operation mode shown in FIG. 4C, the coordinates of the center of the arc are set and input by using the numerical value setting dial 41 or the alphanumeric keys 42 in the columns of X ₀ , Y ₀ , and Z ₀ on the screen. The set coordinate values are stored in the memory 11.
After the setting of the coordinate values, an arc movement centering on the coordinate values becomes possible. The arrows X + and X- shown in the figure indicate the movement and direction by the X-axis handle, and the arrows Y + and Y- indicate the movement and direction by the Y-axis handle to appeal to the operator's vision to prevent malfunction and improve operability. I have.

However, as described with reference to FIG.
Normally, the coordinate values of the X, Y, and Z axes displayed on the display unit 5 in each of the angle and arc operation modes indicate the values of the current position of the tool axis. Since the operation is performed while looking at the drawing describing the dimensions of the work to be performed, the current position of the feed axis of the tool is displayed offset from the position on the machining drawing of the work by the radius of the tool, resulting in operator error. Easy to do.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a process according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the numbers following S indicate step numbers. A tool diameter setting screen is selected and displayed on the screen of the display unit 5 (S1). The operator sets and inputs the radius of the tool to be used for machining by using the numerical value setting dial 41 or the alphanumeric key 42 as tool diameter setting means while viewing the tool diameter setting screen (not shown) (S2). The data of the set tool radius is stored in the storage unit 32 of the machine control unit 3. The current position data is read from the scales 8X, 8Y, 8Z of each axis for reading the machine position of each feed axis as the current position output means (S3). + X, -X, + Y,-
Position display shift keys 45, 46, 47, 4 indicated by Y
At 8, it is determined whether or not + X is on. If YES, the process proceeds to step S13, and if NO, the process proceeds to step S12 (S11). Further, it is determined whether or not the position display shift switch -X is ON, and if YES, the process proceeds to step S14, and NO
In the case of, the process proceeds to step S5 (S12). When the position display shift switch + X is ON, the tool radius data stored in the storage means 32 is added to the current position data (S1).
3) When the position display shift switch -X is ON, the tool radius data stored in the memory 74 is subtracted from the current position data (S14).

It is determined whether or not the position display shift switch + Y is ON. If YES, the process proceeds to step S23, and if NO, the process proceeds to step S22 (S21). Further, it is determined whether or not the position display shift switch -Y is ON. If YES, the process proceeds to step S24, and if NO, the process proceeds to step S5 (S22). When the position display shift switch + Y is ON, the data of the tool radius stored in the storage means 32 is added to the current position data (S23). When the position display shift switch -Y is ON, the storage means 32 is used based on the current position data.
Is subtracted from the data of the tool radius stored in (S24).
The current position data of the tool is transferred to the +
The calculation result data corresponding to the designation of X, -X, + Y, and -Y is displayed on the screen of the display unit 5 (S5). Note that the processing of steps S13, S14, S23, and S24 described above is executed by the display data calculation unit 31 in the machine control unit 4.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a processing drawing of a work. This figure shows the shape of the workpiece 200 to be processed as viewed from above, surrounded by a solid line. The machining starts from a machining reference point 90 which is a corner of the work, and is an operation when the tool moves in the order of the tool axis moving points 91, 92,... Will be described below.

[1] The tool diameter setting screen is read out, and the tool radius 5.0 mm of the tool T to be used is input from the alphanumeric keys. The designated reset key 44 is selected. Rotating tool T
Is divided into four equal parts, which are designated as point A, point B, point C, and point D as indicated by small circles in FIG. [2] After the tool is positioned at the machining reference point 90, the display reset key (not shown) of the display unit 5 is pressed, and X,
Set the display of Y to 0. This display reset key
These keys are used to set the X and Y axis position displays on the display unit 5 to zero. Here, the screen display is [X: ± 0.000, Y: ± 0.000,
Z: ± 0.000]. [3] Position display shift By pressing switches -X, + Y (hereinafter simply referred to as switches -X, + Y), the position display is shifted by the tool radius. Here, the screen display is [X:
−5.000, Y: +5.000, Z: ± 0.000].
That is, the X axis indicates the position of the point B, and the Y axis indicates the position of the point C, as shown by a small circle at the processing reference point 90 in FIG. [4] X-axis manual handle 2 so that the position display becomes 0
The tool is moved to the tool axis moving point 91 by operating the X, Y axis manual handle 2Y. Here, the screen display is [X: ± 0.000,
Y: ± 0.000, Z: ± 0.000]. [5] Using the Z-axis manual handle, move the Z-axis so that it cuts in the negative direction by 10 mm for the cutting depth. Here, the screen display is shown as [X: ± 0.000, Y: ± 0.000, Z: -10.000].

[6] When switch + X is pressed, switch -X
Is canceled, and the value of the position display shifted by the radius from the tool center is displayed on the X display section. Here, the screen display is shown as [X: +10.000, Y: ± 0.000, Z: -10.000]. That is, the X axis indicates the position of the point A, and the Y axis indicates the position of the point C, as shown by a small circle at the moving point 91 in FIG. [7] The tool is moved to the tool axis moving point 92 by the X-axis manual handle until the position display becomes “−150” in the − direction of the X-axis. Here, the screen display is [X: -150.000, Y: ± 0.
000, Z: -10.000]. [8] When the switch -Y is pressed, the switch + Y is released, and the position display value shifted by the radius from the tool center is displayed on the Y display section. Here, the screen display is [X: -150.000
, Y: -10.000, Z: -10.000]. That is, the X axis is the point A, as indicated by a small circle at the moving point 92 in FIG.
And the Y axis indicates the position of the point D.

[9] The tool is moved to the tool axis moving point 93 with the Y-axis manual handle in the negative direction of the Y-axis until the position display becomes “80”. Here, the screen display is [X: -150.000, Y: +80.00
0, Z: -10.000]. [10] When the switch -X is pressed, the switch + X is released, and the value of the position display shifted by the tool radius is displayed on the X display section. Here, the screen display is [X: -160.000, Y:
+80.000, Z: -10.000]. That is, the X axis indicates the position of the point B, and the Y axis indicates the position of the point D, as shown by a small circle at the moving point 93 in FIG. Hereinafter, a small circle display at each moving point indicates a position display point, and a description thereof will be omitted. [11] The tool is moved to the tool axis moving point 94 by the X-axis manual handle until the position display becomes “−110” in the + direction of the X-axis. Here, the screen display is [X: -110.000, Y: +8
0.000, Z: -10.000]. [12] The tool is moved to the tool axis moving point 95 by the Y-axis manual handle until the position display becomes “50” in the − direction of the Y-axis. Here, the screen display is [X: -110.000, Y: +50.00
0, Z: -10.000].

[13] When switch + X is pressed, switch-
X is released and the value of the position display shifted by the tool radius is displayed on the X display unit. Here, the screen display is [X: -10
0.000, Y: +50.000, Z: -10.000]. [14] Move the tool to the tool axis moving point 96 with the X-axis manual handle in the + direction of the X-axis until the position display becomes “40”. Here, the screen display is [X: -40.000, Y: +50.000,
Z: -10.000]. [15] The tool is moved to the tool axis moving point 97 with the Y-axis manual handle in the + direction of the Y-axis until the position display becomes “80”. Here, the screen display is [X: -40.000, Y: +80.000,
Z: -10.000]. [16] When the switch -X is pressed, the switch + X is released, and the position display value shifted by the tool radius is displayed on the X display section. Here, the screen display is [X: -50.000, Y: +
80.000, Z: -10.000]. [17] The tool is moved to the tool axis moving point 98 by the X-axis manual handle until the position display becomes “0” in the + direction of the X-axis. Here, the screen display is [X: ± 0.000, Y: +80.000,
Z: -10.000]. [18] When the switch + Y is pressed, the switch -Y is released and the value of the position display shifted by the tool radius is displayed on the Y display section. Here, the screen display is [X: ± 0.000, Y: +9
0.000, Z: -10.000]. [19] The tool is moved to the tool axis moving point 91 by the Y-axis manual handle in the negative direction of the Y-axis until the position display becomes “0”. Here, the screen display is [X: ± 0.000, Y: ± 0.000,
Z: -10.000]. [20] Press the designated reset key 44 and move the tool in the negative direction of the Z axis to the origin of the Z axis with the Z axis manual handle. Here, the screen display is [X: ± 0.000, Y: ± 0.000, Z: ± 0.
000]. [21] The tool is replaced with a 20 mm drill, and the designated reset key 44 is pressed to display the coordinates of the tool center position as it is. Then, the tool axis is moved and positioned to the center point 99 of the hole machining with the X-axis and Y-axis manual handles. Here, the screen display is [X: -20.000, Y: +30.000,
Z: ± 0.000]. [22] For example, the workpiece is processed by feeding the Z axis by 20 mm in the negative direction. The screen display after axis feed is [X: -20.000, Y:
+30.000, Z: -20.000]. Another hole processing is performed in the same manner.

Here, pressing the switch + X means displaying the position of the X axis of the point A on the outer circumference circle of the tool T in FIG. 5 on the display unit 5, and pressing the switch −X corresponds to the point B. Is to display the position of the X-axis on the display unit 5, pressing the switch + Y is displaying the position of the Y-axis of the point C on the display unit 5, and pressing the switch -Y is the display of the point D. Y
That is, the position of the axis is displayed on the display unit 5. When the designated reset key 44 is pressed, the X-axis and Y-axis positions of the center position of the tool T are displayed on the display unit 5. The position display shift keys 45 to 48 are preferably selected in advance for the next processing. In this embodiment, the display data selecting means 52 includes a designation reset key 44 and a position display shift key 45.
, But there are other modes, for example, X, Y, and Z-axis push-button switches, + and-push-button switches, and a designated reset key. Alternatively, any of the + and-pushbutton switches may be pressed. In this embodiment, as a selection switch display means, a designation reset key 44 and a position display shift key 45 are provided.
The selected key among the keys 48 to 48 is illuminated. However, in another mode, for example, each of the keys 44 to 48 is configured as a push button switch having a two-stage height, and when the key is ON, the key is in the concave position.
When it is OFF, it may be in the projecting position,
Which of the keys 44 to 48 is selected may be displayed on the display unit 5.

[0026]

As described above, according to the operation type machine tool of the present invention, it is not necessary for the operator to calculate the moving amount in consideration of the tool diameter for each positioning, and the present position of the tool can be determined by a simple operation. Since the image is displayed on the screen in accordance with the dimension of the workpiece on the processing drawing, an operator's operation error is eliminated as compared with performing the processing while taking the tool diameter into consideration, and the processing error is reduced, and the productivity is improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external view of a machine operation unit of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an operation type machine tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a screen display example of a display unit of the present invention;
(A) is a diagram showing a screen in each mode of a normal operation, (B) is a diagonal line operation, and (C) is a diagram showing a screen in each mode of an arc operation.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a processing drawing of a work.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Feed control part 2 ... Manual handle operation part 3 ... Machine control part 4 ... Machine operation part 5 ... Display part 6X, 6Y, 6Z ... Feed motor 7 ... Machine main body 8X, 8Y, 8Z ... Each axis scale 31 ... Display data Arithmetic means 32 ... Storage means 40 ... Operation selection switch 41 ... Numeric setting dial 42 ... Alphanumeric keys 43 ... Setting switch 44 ... Designation reset key 45-48 ... Position display shift switch 51 ... Tool diameter setting means 52 ... Display data selection means 90: machining reference point 91 to 98: tool axis moving point 100: work

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An operation type machine tool for performing various processing by feeding each of the feed axes of X, Y, and Z axes by manual operation and relatively moving a tool and a work, wherein current position data of each of the feed axes is provided. Current position output means for outputting the tool diameter data of the tool, and tool diameter data set by the tool diameter setting means to current position data output from the current position output means. Display data selecting means for specifying whether to display the added data obtained, to display subtracted data obtained by subtracting the tool diameter data from the current position data, or to display the current position data as it is, the display data selecting means Display data calculation means for calculating the addition data or the subtraction data selected in step 1 and sending the calculation result to a display unit.械. 2. The display data selection means is switch means for selecting a feed axis of X, Y or Z axis and selecting the addition data, subtraction data or the current position data as it is. 2. The operation type machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising selection switch display means for displaying whether the switch means is selected.