JP2911995B2 - Garbage incinerator and combustion promoting material for garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a refuse incinerator and a combustion promoting member for a refuse incinerator that emit less incomplete combustion gas.

Conventional technology Conventionally, a porous body fired from a ceramic material is
BACKGROUND ART As a dust collection filter for removing dust and a removal filter for removing a specific gas, it is used in household heaters, household cookers, industrial heating furnaces, and the like.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, this ceramic filter has not been used in a refuse incinerator. Since incomplete combustion gas and sparks are emitted from garbage incinerators and the surrounding environment is deteriorated, it has been desired to remove them.However, conventional ceramic filters cannot be used for garbage incinerators. It was. Since the combustion gas emitted from the refuse incinerator contains a large amount of considerably large sparks (unburned matter), if the conventional ceramic filter is disposed in the gas passage, the filter will be clogged. In addition, the exhaust and intake air of the incinerator may be deteriorated, resulting in an increase in incomplete combustion gas.

Further, the conventional ceramic filter has a disadvantage that it is not suitable for a garbage incinerator because a high level of technology is required for the production and the production cost is high.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention has been made to provide a refuse incinerator that emits little sparks and incomplete combustion gas, and to provide a combustion promoting member that can be suitably used for the refuse incinerator. It is a thing.

Means for Solving the Problems The combustion promoting member for a refuse incinerator according to the present invention is characterized by being a plurality of elements according to claim 3. The element according to claim 3 is characterized in that the element is fired from a ceramic material, has a large number of gas passages having a hole diameter of 10 mm to 40 mm, and has a positioning portion that defines the relative position of the elements adjacent to each other by engagement of unevenness. It is assumed that. Further, in the combustion promoting member according to claim 4, in a state where each element is positioned by the positioning portion, the openings of the gas passages of the adjacent elements are separated from each other in the opening direction, and
The combustion promoting member according to claim 5, characterized in that the plurality of elements each have a state in which a plurality of elements penetrate the gas passage in the up-down direction, and are arranged one above the other. Features. Further, in the refuse incinerator according to claim 1, a combustion promoting member is disposed in an outlet passage of a combustion chamber for burning refuse, and the combustion promoting member is formed of a plurality of elements fired from a ceramic material. A plurality of gas passages, each of the plurality of elements having a positioning portion for defining a relative position between adjacent elements by engagement of unevenness, and Are arranged in the engaged state. The refuse incinerator according to claim 2 is provided with a secondary air port for introducing air into the outlet passage near the portion of the outlet passage of the combustion chamber where the combustion promoting member is disposed. There is a feature.

It is preferable that the combustion promoting member is provided at an outlet passage of the combustion chamber, particularly at a position close to the combustion chamber at the outlet passage. If the combustion promoting member is disposed far away from the combustion chamber, the temperature of the gas discharged from the combustion chamber drops, and a sufficient effect cannot be obtained. Further, it is preferable that the combustion promoting member is disposed to fill the outlet passage of the combustion chamber so that all the gas flowing through the outlet passage passes through the gas passage in the combustion promoting member. It is effective if they are arranged in a state of occupying 1/2 or more, preferably 2/3 or more of the cross-sectional area.

Effect When the combustion promoting member according to the present invention is disposed in the outlet passage of the combustion chamber of the refuse incinerator, the amount of sparks and incomplete combustion gas emissions is reduced. The reason has not been fully elucidated yet, but is presumed as follows.

The combustion promoting member is a set of a plurality of elements according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of elements are fired by a ceramic material and have a gas passage having a large hole diameter of 10 mm to 40 mm. Therefore, even when the combustion promoting member is disposed in the exit passage of the combustion chamber, the high-temperature gas flowing out of the combustion chamber is not clogged by the large sparks discharged from the refuse incinerator. Satisfactorily passes through the gas passage, and heat is actively exchanged between the gas and the combustion promoting member.

When the temperature of the gas is high, the combustion promoting member receives heat from the gas and stores it, and when the temperature of the gas decreases, the stored heat is released to increase the temperature of the gas. The transfer is performed on the surface of the combustion promoting member which is widened by the formation of a number of gas passages.

Each of the elements has a positioning portion that defines a relative position between adjacent elements by engaging concave and convex. The positioning portion can prevent the displacement between the plurality of elements. Further, since the relative position between the adjacent elements is defined, the shape of the gas passage formed in the combustion promoting member is determined, and the gas can pass through the determined gas passage. The gas passage in the combustion promoting member is formed by the gas passage of each element and the gap between the elements, and this gas passage is uniquely determined by defining the relative position of the adjacent element. It is.

In the combustion promoting member according to the fourth aspect, the plurality of elements are arranged such that openings of the gas passages of the elements adjacent to each other are separated from each other in an opening direction thereof and stagger with each other. Therefore, a meandering gas passage is formed in the combustion promoting member for the gas, and the contact time between the gas and the combustion promoting member can be prolonged.

In the combustion promoting member according to the fifth aspect, the elements having the gas passages formed so as to penetrate in the vertical direction are vertically stacked. The gas may pass vertically through the combustion promoting member, or may pass laterally.

Garbage incinerators usually have a difficulty in keeping the temperature of the combustion chamber constant compared to heating furnaces that burn gaseous or liquid fuels. Is discharged. On the other hand, in the refuse incinerator according to the first aspect, since the combustion promoting member is disposed in the outlet passage of the combustion chamber, it is heated to a high temperature by the gas discharged therefrom while the temperature of the combustion chamber is high. Can be done. Therefore, the incomplete combustion gas and the like are heated while passing through the gas passage in the combustion promoting member to promote secondary combustion, and the amount of incomplete combustion gas and sparks discharged to the outside is reduced. When the gas discharged from the combustion chamber winds and passes through the inside of the combustion promoting member, it takes a long time to pass, and the time for keeping the gas at a high temperature is prolonged. This is considered to be one of the reasons why the amount of spark discharge decreases. In particular, since the elements adjacent to each other are arranged in a state where the relative positions are determined by the engagement of the concave and convex portions of the engagement portion, as described in the third aspect of the present invention,
The displacement between the plurality of elements is prevented, the shape of the gas passage formed in the combustion promoting member is determined, and the incomplete combustion gas passes through the determined gas passage. Is better prevented. In order to promote the secondary combustion, it is desirable to provide a secondary air port near the portion where the combustion promoting member is provided in the outlet passage, as described in claim 2.

Effects of the Invention It is undeniable that the above reason is presumed to be related to future research, but if the combustion promoting member according to the present invention is arranged in the exit passage of the combustion chamber of the refuse incinerator, incomplete combustion gas and sparks can be reduced. It has been confirmed by experiments that the amount of emission decreases, and it is possible to reduce environmental pollution due to the emission from the incinerator.

Further, since the hole diameter of the gas passage included in the combustion promoting member of the present invention is larger than the hole diameter of a conventional ceramic filter, there is an advantage that molding is easy and it can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, because of the excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance of the fired material of ceramic materials, even when the temperature inside the refuse incinerator is high, what kind of gas is generated when the refuse is burned However, the combustion promoting member of the present invention does not break and is suitable for use in a refuse incinerator.

Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the main body 10 of the refuse incinerator has a generally cylindrical shape with a bottom, and three wheels 12 are attached to the bottom surface so as to be movable. . Body 10
Is covered by a cover 14, and a chimney 16 is fixed to the cover 14.

The front half of the cover 14 is inclined downward toward the front end, and an inlet 18 is formed in this portion. The input port 18 is always closed by the input door 20, but the input door 20 is rotatably attached to the cover 14 at the upper end edge. Can be opened. The balance weight 21 is a counter balance weight of the input door 20.

As is apparent from FIG. 3, a rostrum 22 is provided at a lower portion in the main body 10, and a space inside the main body 10 is partitioned into a combustion chamber 24 above the rostral 22 and an ash pool 26 below. Body
Care openings at the top and bottom of Rostor 22 on the front of 10
28 and an ash outlet 30 are provided, and are closed by a maintenance door 32 and an ash door 34 which are opened and closed by rotation, respectively. A plurality of primary air ports 36 are formed in the main body 10, from which primary air flows into the combustion chamber 24.

An outlet passage 38 extending vertically is formed in the center of the rear half of the cover 14 and communicates with the lower end of the chimney 16. A combustion promoting member 40 is provided around the upper end opening of the outlet passage 38.
Are arranged. The combustion promoting member 40 is made of a ceramic material, and is formed by stacking a plurality of elements 42 having the shapes shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and has a number of air passages formed therein. Each element 42 has a bowl shape, and has a large number of openings 44 having a diameter of 15 mm in plan view. A pair of engaging projections 46 are provided at three locations at 120-degree intervals, and three pairs of these engaging projections 46 are formed on the lower end surface of the upper element 42 at 120-degree intervals. By engaging with 47, the relative phase of each element 42 is determined, and a gap having a constant thickness is formed between the upper element 42 and the lower element 42. These gaps and the opening of each element 42
44, the gas passage is formed. However, since the openings 44 of the upper and lower elements 42 are formed at different positions that are difficult to each other, the gas passage is formed in a meandering state.

A secondary air port 49 is formed in the upper peripheral wall of the outlet passage 38, and the opening area of the secondary air port 49 is adjusted by an adjusting cylinder 48. The adjusting cylinder 48 is a cylindrical member, has an opening 50 corresponding to the secondary air port 49, and is rotatably fitted to the outer periphery of the outlet passage 38.
When the opening 50 is completely coincident with the secondary air port 49, the secondary air port 49 is fully opened. However, if the adjusting cylinder 48 is rotated to shift the opening 50 from the secondary air port 49, the secondary air The opening area of the mouth 49 can be adjusted. At the upper part of the adjusting cylinder 48, another adjusting cylinder 51 having an opening 53 for the secondary air port 49 is provided, and together with the adjustment by the adjusting cylinder 48, the opening area of the secondary air port 49 is changed to various sizes. It is designed to be adjustable. At the upper end of the chimney 16, a flame umbrella 52 is attached. In FIG. 2, illustration of the umbrella 52 is omitted in order to clarify the position of the combustion promoting member 40 in the outlet passage 38.

In the refuse incinerator configured as described above, refuse is opened on the input door 20 from the input port 18, is input on the rostr 22, and is burned in the combustion chamber 24. The combustion gas generated as a result is discharged from the outlet passage 38 to the outside via the chimney 16.
The combustion generated gas flows through the meandering gas passage in the combustion promoting member 40 to the chimney 16 because it is covered with the gas. While the combustion in the combustion chamber 24 is good and the temperature of the combustion gas is high, heat is transferred from the combustion gas to the combustion promotion member 40, and the temperature of the combustion promotion member 40 rises. When the combustion in the combustion chamber 24 becomes defective and the combustion gas contains a large amount of unburned gas, the temperature of the combustion gas decreases, and conversely, the combustion promoting member 40
Is transferred to the combustion gas. Further, since the secondary air is supplied from the secondary air port 49, the unburned gas is discharged from the combustion promoting member 40.
2 inside the gas passage or near the combustion promoting member 40
Next combustion, the amount of unburned gas contained in the combustion gas discharged from the chimney 16 is reduced. The combustion gas may include sparks, that is, solid unburned substances, which are also satisfactorily burned while passing through the combustion promoting member 40,
The amount discharged from the chimney 16 is reduced. Further, in a refuse incinerator, a considerably large spark is generated. However, since the gas passage formed in the combustion promoting member 40 has a large flow passage area, the combustion promoting member is generated by these sparks.
40 is not clogged.

"Example 1" in Table 1 shows the results of measuring the concentrations of dust and odorous gas contained in the gas discharged to the outside from the refuse incinerator. In addition, when garbage is incinerated in a garbage incinerator without a combustion promoting member, the measurement results of the concentrations of dust and odor gas contained in the gas discharged from the garbage incinerator to the outside are shown in Table 1. This is shown in "Comparative Example".

As shown in Table 1, comparing the numerical values of "Comparative Example" and "Example 1", the concentration of the dust discharged from the refuse incinerator of Example 1 was reduced to about 2/3, Odor gas concentration is about 1/2
It can be seen that it has been reduced to

Note that the decrease in the flow rate of the gas discharged from the refuse incinerator to the outside caused by the provision of the combustion promoting member 40 of the present embodiment in the outlet passage 38 is slightly smaller than when the combustion promoting member 40 is not provided. Since it is about 10%, the combustion promoting member 40
However, this does not prevent the emission of combustion gas from the refuse incinerator to the outside.

Further, the element 42 of the present invention is obtained by kneading an adjusting material such as cordierite with an aggregate such as mullite to form a slurry, pour it into a mold made of gypsum, and dry it. It is obtained by calcination within and has excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance, so that it will not be damaged when used in a garbage incinerator.

Embodiment 2 In the refuse incinerator shown in FIG. 6 to FIG. 8, the main body 60 has a box shape, the inside of which is partitioned by a roster 62 as shown in FIG. Are formed. Input doors 68 for the combustion chamber 64 and the ash pool 66, respectively
And an input port 72 provided with an ash door 70 and an ash port 74 are formed.

The combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 64 is supplied to a cyclone dust collecting device 78 through an outlet passage 76 bent in an L-shape, where the dust is removed therefrom, and then discharged outside through a refractory chimney 80 and a refractory chimney 82. .

As is clear from FIG. 8, the primary burner is provided in the combustion chamber 64.
The outlet passage 76 is provided with a secondary burner 86 as is apparent from FIG. They are,
It is provided to burn heavy oil to promote the burning of dust when the burning of the dust is poor.

As shown in FIG. 7, a blower 90 is provided on the upper surface of the main body 60. The air sent from the blower 90 is temporarily stored in the air chamber 92, and then is supplied to the two conduits 94 and 96.
Thereby, it is supplied to the ash pool 66 and the outlet passage 76. Ash pool 66
Is supplied from the outlet 97 into the ash pool 66, and further into the combustion chamber 64 through the gap of the roastle 62.

Further, the cyclone dust collector 78 is provided with a blower 98, and the air sent by the blower 98 is ejected upward from a spout 100 provided at the center of the cyclone dust collector 78. As a result, the discharge of the combustion gas from the cyclone dust collecting device 78 to the chimneys 80 and 82 is promoted.
The cyclone dust collector 78 is further provided with a control panel 101 for controlling the operation of the entire refuse incinerator.

A combustion promoting member 102 is provided at a horizontal portion of the outlet passage 76 so as to face the secondary burner 86. The combustion promoting member 102 is obtained by stacking a plurality of ceramic elements 104 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Each of the elements 104 has a corrugated shape, and is formed with a large number of circular openings 106 having a diameter of 22 mm in plan view. Also, the upper and lower surfaces of the element 104
A plurality of projections 108 and depressions 200 are formed, respectively (the ones with black dots in FIG. 9 are projections, and the ones without the additions are depressions). The upper and lower elements 1
04 is prevented from shifting. When the plurality of elements 104 are superimposed, passages extending in the horizontal direction in FIG. 9 are formed between the upper and lower elements 104, and the passages are communicated with each other by the openings 106. Then, the combustion promoting member 102 is connected to the straight passage by the outlet passage 76.
Because it is disposed in the outlet passage 76 in a state of extending in the width direction of
The combustion gas flows through a number of meandering gas passages in the combustion promoting member 102. Also, element 104
Is almost equal to the width of the outlet passage 76, and the elements 104 are stacked by the number of which the height of the combustion promoting member 102 is almost equal to the height of the outlet passage 76. It will pass through the inside of the combustion promoting member 102.

In the refuse incinerator configured as described above, refuse is introduced from the inlet 72 onto the roaster 62, and is burned by the primary air supplied from the blower 90 via the conduit 94, the outlet 97, and the ash pool 66. Let me do. If the combustion is poor, the primary burner 84 is ignited to promote the combustion. The combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 64 is discharged from the chimneys 80 and 82 through the outlet passage 76 and the cyclone dust collector 78, but if the combustion is good and the temperature of the combustion gas is high, the inside of the outlet passage 76 When the combustion promoting member 102 is heated, the combustion in the combustion chamber 64 becomes defective and the temperature of the combustion gas is low. Secondary combustion of gas and sparks is promoted. And if this secondary combustion is bad,
The secondary burner 86 is ignited, and the combustion of the unburned gas around the secondary burner 86 is promoted. At the same time, the combustion promoting member 102 is heated, and the secondary combustion of the unburned gas and sparks in the gas passage is performed. Promoted.

Table 1 also shows the concentration of dust and odor contained in the gas discharged from the refuse incinerator of Example 2 to the outside. Similarly to the above, it can be seen that both the dust concentration and the odor gas concentration are reduced.

Yet another embodiment of the element is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. As is apparent from the plan view of FIG. 11, a plurality of openings 310 having a diameter of 10 mm to 40 mm are provided in the element 308 of this embodiment.
Are formed and four fitting portions 312 are provided. As shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b), each of these fitting portions 312 is provided at right angles to a plane including the element 308, and fitting projections are provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction. A part 314 and a fitting notch 316 are formed. The fitting projection 314 and the fitting notch 316 are fitted respectively to the fitting notch 316 and the fitting projection 314 of the element 308 which is superimposed on the element 308 provided with them, thereby preventing the element 308 from shifting. .

Yet another embodiment of the element is shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. A circular opening 332 having a diameter of 10 mm to 40 mm is formed in the element 330 of this embodiment, and several projections 334 (circles in FIG. 15 indicate the projections) are formed on one surface. ing. The element 330 is disposed such that the projection 334 is grounded to the bottom surface of the exit passage of the refuse incinerator. Fitting portions 336 are formed on both sides of the element 330, respectively. The fitting portion 336 is formed with a fitting protrusion 338 and a fitting notch 340, and the fitting protrusion 338 and the fitting notch 340 are formed.
Like the fitting projection 314 and the fitting notch 316, are overlapped with each other, and serve to prevent the element 330 from shifting.

When a combustion promoting member having a diameter of the opening exceeding 40 mm in a plan view is provided in the refuse incinerator, a sufficient reduction effect of the dust concentration and the odor gas concentration cannot be obtained.

On the other hand, when the garbage incinerator of Example 1 is provided with a combustion promoting member having a large number of openings having a diameter of 10 mm or less in plan view, the combustion promoting member is easily clogged by sparks.

A chemical catalyst substance may be carried on the combustion promoting member, and may be disposed in the refuse incinerator of this embodiment.

Further, the element of the combustion promoting member is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and other shapes and dimensions can be adopted. For example, the element may be a square or a circle in plan view.

Further, various types of refuse incinerators are generally known in addition to the present embodiment, but any type may be used.

In addition, without departing from the scope of the claims, based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art, in various modified and improved aspects,
The present invention can be implemented.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. 1 to 3 are a front view, a plan view, and an AA sectional view of a refuse incinerator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, respectively. 4 and 5 are a plan view and a CC sectional view, respectively, of the element used in the first embodiment. 6 to 8 are a front view, a plan view, and a BB cross-sectional view of the refuse incinerator according to the second embodiment of the present invention, respectively. 9 and 10 are a plan view and a DD sectional view, respectively, of the element of the second embodiment. FIGS. 11, 12 (a) and 12 (b) are a front view, an I-view and a J-view of another element, respectively. FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are a plan view and a sectional view taken along line KK of another element, respectively. Explanation of reference numerals 20: injection door, 24: combustion chamber 36: primary air port, 44: opening 46: secondary air port, 92: air chamber 308: element, 330: element

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-126015 (JP, A) JP-A-51-15583 (JP, A) JP-A-49-88133 (JP, A) 32236 (JP, U) Actually open 56-99242 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F23G 7/06 103 F23G 5/00 119 F23G 5/16 F23J 15 / 00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A refuse incinerator comprising a plurality of elements each fired from a ceramic material and provided with a combustion promoting member having a large number of gas passages in an outlet passage of a combustion chamber for burning refuse. Each of the plurality of elements has a positioning portion that defines a relative position between elements adjacent to each other by engagement of unevenness, and the positioning portions are arranged in an engaged state. Waste incinerator. 2. A secondary air port for introducing air into the outlet passage near the portion of the outlet passage of the combustion chamber where the combustion promoting member is provided. A garbage incinerator as described. 3. A plurality of elements constituting a combustion promoting member for a garbage incinerator, which are fired by a ceramic material, have a large number of gas passages having a hole diameter of 10 mm to 40 mm, and are formed by engagement of unevenness. An element having a positioning portion for defining a relative position of elements adjacent to each other. 4. A set of a plurality of elements each fired with a ceramic material and having a large number of gas passages having a hole diameter of 10 mm to 40 mm, each element defining a relative position between adjacent elements by engaging concave and convex. A refuse incineration system having a positioning portion, wherein the openings of the gas passages of the elements adjacent to each other are separated from each other in the opening direction and staggered in a state where the positioning is performed by the positioning portions. Furnace combustion promoting member. 5. The garbage incinerator combustion promotion according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of elements each have a state in which the plurality of elements penetrate the gas passage in a vertical direction, and are disposed one above the other. Element.