JP2904208B2 - Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device for performing color display.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional liquid crystal display device, a coloring element formed for performing color display is described in Industrial Book 1.
As shown in the display technology series “Color LCD Display” published in 990, pages 237 to 249,
It is mainly composed of a polymer resin or the like dyed with a pigment or a dye.After applying a resin solution in which a coloring agent such as a dye, an organic pigment, or an inorganic pigment is uniformly dispersed in a transparent photosensitive resin or a transparent resin, the resin is exposed and exposed. Developing, or dispersing method of forming a colored pattern in a predetermined shape by exposing and developing through a photoresist, forming a layer to be dyed on a substrate, forming a desired pattern, and dyeing with a dye, paper applying a printing technique to such a printing method for printing on a glass substrate, which is formed by on a transparent electrode such as ITO in a solvent containing a dispersed polymer and pigment, electrical electrodeposition colored by electrophoresis It has been known. In order to apply a substrate on which such a coloring element is formed as a color filter of a liquid crystal display device, an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal is required. For this reason, after forming the intermediate layer on the coloring element,
It is necessary to form a transparent conductive film such as TO and pattern it into a desired shape, and the substrate on which the electrodes are formed in this manner is used as a color filter.

In a reflection type liquid crystal display device, light incident on the liquid crystal display device from the outside is used as a display, and the incident light is reflected by direct light such as the sun or an electric light from a wall or the like. Since it is composed of indirect light, it is incident on the panel from various directions. In order to perform favorable panel display using the incident light, it is necessary to diffuse the incident light with a reflector provided in the liquid crystal display device and to efficiently use the reflected light. At present, it is known that an uneven reflector having an uneven shape on the surface of the reflector is formed on at least one substrate of the liquid crystal display device as a light scattering layer in order to provide the reflector with a function of diffusing light. ing.
This structure is disclosed in JP-A-8-220532.

[0004]

In the case of manufacturing a liquid crystal display using a color filter formed by the above method, it is necessary to form a transparent conductive layer of ITO or the like on the surface of a colored element which is an insulating layer. Becomes For this reason, there was a problem in terms of manufacturing cost. In addition, in a reflective liquid crystal display device, a color filter layer is formed on an electrode having an uneven surface in order to have a light scattering function. In this case, each of a coloring element, an intermediate layer, and a transparent electrode is formed. Has to be formed, which changes the optical characteristics, and has a problem that desired display performance cannot be obtained.

Further, in the current reflection type liquid crystal display device, in order to scatter incident light and use it as display light,
A reflective electrode composed of an uneven surface having a large step is in contact with the liquid crystal surface. However, since the reflective electrode surface has an uneven shape, rubbing intensity unevenness occurs during a rubbing step on an alignment film provided thereon, and alignment defects due to the rubbing intensity occur, thereby deteriorating panel display performance. Further, since the pixel electrode surface in contact with the liquid crystal has irregularities and the surface of the counter electrode on the side of the counter substrate is flat, the cell gap length varies depending on the location.
f) There have been problems such that characteristics cannot be obtained and a liquid crystal display device having high-quality display cannot be obtained.

[0006]

A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems has a pair of substrates facing each other, a liquid crystal is sealed between the pair of substrates, and an inner surface of at least one of the substrates. A liquid crystal display device provided with a coloring element having conductivity, wherein the coloring element is a pigment particle, a conductive particle and
Transparent particles, wherein the transparent particles are the pigment particles and the conductive particles.
It has a different refractive index from the conductive particles . That is, since a coloring element formed for performing color display is formed of a conductive substance, the coloring element has a function of an electrode. Since the coloring element itself has conductivity, there is no need to form an intermediate layer and a transparent electrode on the surface of the coloring element, which is necessary for a color filter used in a conventional liquid crystal display device, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process. Is possible. Further, when a color filter is formed on a reflector made of a high-reflectance metal having an uneven surface to provide a light scattering function, as in a reflection type liquid crystal display device, an intermediate layer,
Since it is not necessary to form a transparent electrode on the surface of the coloring element, a change in optical characteristics is small and desired display performance can be maintained.

[0007] The liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the coloring elements, including the pigment particles and conductive particles. The color purity can be increased by increasing the number of pigments. Further, the resistance can be reduced by increasing the number of conductive particles.

[0008] The conductive particles may have transparency. By doing so, a colored element having high light transmittance can be realized.

Further, the coloring element includes transparent particles, transparent particles that have a refractive index different from that of the pigment particles and the conductive particles. Therefore , a new function that the coloring element itself has a light scattering property can be obtained. This light scattering function,
It is mainly applied to a reflection type liquid crystal display device, and it is possible to obtain a bright display. Conventionally, in a reflection type liquid crystal display device, scattering of reflected light has been realized by forming an uneven shape on a reflective pixel electrode. However, a colored element having a light scattering function of the present invention is changed to a reflective pixel having an uneven shape. If formed on the electrode, reflected light having higher scattering properties can be obtained.

Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a pair of substrates facing each other, and in a liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal is sealed between the pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates has a transparent structure for driving the liquid crystal. An electrode made of a non-conductive electrode material , and a light scattering layer having conductivity on the electrode. Thereby, the scattering layer can be formed by an electrode having a flat surface that does not cause a problem in driving the liquid crystal. The light scattering layer is
It is preferable to adopt a configuration including a polymer resin and conductive particles.

[0011] The conductive particles may be made of a transparent material. Thereby, the light incident on the scattering layer is refracted by using a different refractive index difference between the transparent conductive particles and the polymer resin, and by repeating this in the scattering layer, the light is Is scattered and the light is returned again,
A scattering layer having good scattering performance can be realized.

Further, the conductive particles may be made of a metal material. Thereby, the light incident on the scattering layer is reflected and scattered by the conductive particles made of a metal material mixed in the polymer resin, and the light is returned as reflected light again. Large reflected light can be obtained.

[0013] In the liquid crystal display device, the electrode located under the conductive light-scattering layer has been configured by a transparent electrode material. Thereby, by adjusting the scattering performance of the scattering layer provided thereon, it is possible to use it as a reflective liquid crystal display device if the backscattering component is strengthened, and it is possible to use it as a transflective liquid crystal display device if the forward scattering component is strengthened. .

[0014]

Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has an
Liquid having a pair of substrates and liquid crystal sealed between the pair of substrates
In liquid crystal display devices, liquid crystal is driven on at least one substrate.
An electrode having an uneven surface for moving, and on the electrode
It is characterized by having a light scattering layer having a flat conductive surface.
Sign. According to this liquid crystal display device, the reflection performance of the uneven surface and the scattering performance of the light scattering layer are combined to provide a reflection plate having better reflection performance, and thereby, a reflection type liquid crystal display device having a display of brightness. Can be realized. The degree of the unevenness (the distance between the top and bottom of the unevenness) is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 0.1 to 4 μm, and preferably 0.8 to 1.5 μm. This liquid crystal
In a display device, the display device is located below the conductive light scattering layer.
The electrode to be formed may be made of a metallic electrode material. This
As a result, the scattering properties of the scattering layer
By utilizing the reflection on the extreme surface, more excellent diffusivity
A reflective liquid crystal display device can be provided.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned liquid crystal display device provided with a light scattering layer comprising a polymer resin and conductive particles, wherein an electrode for driving a liquid crystal is provided on a substrate. After formation, the electrode and the electrode facing the electrode are immersed in a solution containing a surfactant, conductive particles and a polymer resin, and an electric current is applied between these electrodes to drive the liquid crystal. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is provided, comprising a step of forming a light scattering layer by depositing conductive particles and a polymer resin thereon. According to such a manufacturing method, a high-quality light-scattering layer containing a polymer resin and conductive particles can be formed by a simple method.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. The coloring element 20 on the electrode 22 formed on the substrate 12 has conductivity, and does not require a transparent electrode formed on the coloring element in a conventional liquid crystal display device. Therefore, in the manufacture of the liquid crystal display device, the steps of forming the transparent electrode and forming the pattern can be omitted.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the resistivity of the coloring element has substantially the same conductivity as that of the case where a transparent electrode is used, but the sheet resistance may be 600 Ω / □ or less.

The liquid crystal display of the present invention may have a structure in which the application of a voltage to a pixel is controlled by a TFT element 30, as shown in FIG. Also, as shown in FIG.
A liquid crystal display device controlled by an IM element 31,
A structure in which a coloring element is formed on the electrode 22 may be used. Also,
As shown in FIG. 4, the reflective liquid crystal display device may have a structure in which a coloring element is formed on the reflective electrode 23. FIG.
As shown in (1), a structure may be employed in which one electrode of a liquid crystal display device is overlapped on a switching element such as a wiring or a TFT via an insulating layer to improve an aperture ratio. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a liquid crystal display device in which a coloring element is formed on an electrode having an uneven shape may be used. The substrate forming the liquid crystal display device is not limited to glass, for example, plastic, acrylic,
An insulating substrate such as quartz or a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used. Further, the above-described TFT element, MI
In a liquid crystal display device having an M or an electrode structure in which electrodes have overlapped elements, or a liquid crystal display device having a structure having irregularities, a coloring element was formed on the opposite transparent electrode as shown in FIG. The structure may be sufficient.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention. The coloring element 20 on the electrode 22 of the liquid crystal display device has a pigment 42 and conductive particles 43 as main components. The pigment 42 and the conductive particles 43 are randomly dispersed in a transparent polymer resin 44 containing a dispersant, and
Is formed as a layered colored element on the electrode 22 formed in the above. In the coloring element 20 of the present invention, the conductive particles 4
Since 3 exists in the polymer resin 44, the color filter itself has conductivity. As the conductive particles, it is preferable to use particles having a low resistivity and hardly corroding in a polymer resin.

As such conductive particles, for example, silver particles and ITO particles can be used. The particle size is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of silver particles or ITO particles, those having a particle size of about 0.01 μm to 1 μm can be used. As the pigment particles, any of commercially available organic or inorganic pigments can be used. For example, a dianthraquinone-based material can be used for red, and a phthalocyanine-based material can be used for green and blue.
The polymer resin holding the conductive particles and the pigment particles is, for example, acrylic resin, epoxy acrylate resin, P
A VA material or the like can be used. When patterning is performed using a resist, polyimide or the like can be used.

In the present invention, a conductive material having transparency may be used as the conductive particles. With the use of such transparent conductive particles, a liquid crystal display device having a small loss of light when passing through the coloring element and having a low resistivity of the coloring element is formed even when a large amount of the conductive particles is contained. be able to. Specifically, as a component of such a coloring element, a PVA-stilbazole photosensitive resin is used for a polymer resin holding particles, and a particle diameter is 0.01 μm for pigment particles.
2 μm and an average particle size of 0.04 μm, and the conductive particles may be ITO particles having a particle size of 0.01 μm to 1 μm.

As other transparent conductive particles, SnO 2,
ZnO or the like can be used. These materials have a transmittance of 80% or more in the visible light region.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a coloring element portion of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 8, in which transparent particles 45 exist in the coloring element formed for performing color display. The transparent particles 45 include the pigment particles 4 constituting the coloring element.
2. Those having a different refractive index from the conductive particles 43 and the polymer resin 44 are used. Therefore, light is scattered when passing through the coloring element. Optical glass particles having a refractive index of 0.5 to 2.8 can be used as the transparent particles contained in such a coloring element.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the light scattering layer of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of the scattering layer in FIG. The light scattering layer 80 of the present invention
This is a layer formed on the reflective electrode 23 that reflects light incident from the outside. This layer is composed of a mixture of conductive particles 43 having transparency and a polymer resin 44, and the conductive particles and the polymer resin are set to have different refractive indexes. As a result, light incident from the front of the panel is refracted in the scattering layer, and by repeating this, light is scattered backward, and this light is used as display light for the panel. The light-scattering layer of the present invention contains ITO, SnO2, ZnO and the like having a particle size of about 0.01 μm to 1 μm, and has a conductive property.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the light scattering layer of the present invention. The basic structure of the present invention is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.
However, a metal material is used for the conductive particles mixed with the polymer resin in the light scattering layer. This makes the scattering effect more pronounced. That is, the light incident from the front of the panel is reflected and scattered by the metal particles in the scattering layer, and by repeating this, the light is scattered rearward, and this light is used as display light of the panel. The light scattering layer of the present invention contains Al or Ag particles having a particle size of about 0.01 μm to 1 μm, and has conductive properties.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional structural view near a scattering layer of a transflective liquid crystal display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. For the liquid crystal drive electrode of the liquid crystal display device, a transparent conductive material 43 such as ITO may be used to increase the scattering performance of the scattering layer 80 located on the upper layer so that the back scattering component is strengthened so that light is not transmitted. As shown in FIG. 12, the present invention can be applied to a reflection type liquid crystal display device. If the forward scattering component is strengthened so that a certain amount of light can be transmitted, it can be applied to a transflective type liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. The degree of the back scattering component or the forward scattering component of the scattering layer can be controlled by the particle size or the amount of the transparent conductive particles 46 or the metal conductive particles 75 contained in the scattering layer. FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are cross-sectional views showing an example of an embodiment of the light scattering layer of the present invention. The liquid crystal display of the present invention has a structure in which a liquid crystal driving electrode is provided with a scattering layer 80 located thereon using a metal material 73 such as Al or Ag, and light incident on the scattering layer is formed of the conductive particles. Even when a transparent material is used (FIG. 14) or when a metal material 73 is used (FIG. 15), the light is scattered by the particles and the light is reflected backward. On the other hand, some of the light travels as it is, but since the light is completely reflected on the metal drive electrode surface, the reflection efficiency can be further increased. Also,
FIG. 16 is a structural cross-sectional view of a reflection type liquid crystal display device in which unevenness is provided on the surface of a liquid crystal drive electrode of the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. Thereby, in addition to the scattering performance obtained by the scattering layer, the reflection performance of the entire panel is greatly changed because the reflection performance is reflected by the angle of the unevenness located on the surface of the driving electrode. be able to. As a result, a bright reflective liquid crystal display device which can sufficiently cope with various use environments of the reflective liquid crystal display device can be realized.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIG. 17 shows a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in this embodiment. First, substrate 1 such as glass
A conductive film 24 is formed on the surface of No. 2 (FIG. 17A), and is patterned to form an electrode 22 (FIG. 17B). This substrate is immersed in a solution containing pigment particles, conductive particles, a transparent polymer resin and, if necessary, transparent particles, and between the electrode 22 on the substrate surface and other electrodes immersed in the same solution. Is applied, and pigment particles, conductive particles, polymer resin, transparent particles, and the like in the solution are deposited on the electrodes on the substrate surface to form the layered colored element 20 (FIG. 17c).
The thickness of the coloring element 20 can be easily controlled by changing the voltage applied to the electrode and the time. A specific example of such a manufacturing method will be described below. After forming the conductive film 24 on the glass substrate (FIG. 17a), the film was patterned to form an electrode (FIG. 17b). As the electrode 22, ITO having a sheet resistance of 10Ω / □ was used.
This substrate was immersed in an electrolytic solution obtained by dispersing a pigment and ITO particles as conductive particles in an aqueous solution of a surfactant using an apparatus as shown in FIG. I on the substrate 12
The TO electrode 22 was connected to the + side of the DC power supply, and a voltage was applied between the TO electrode 22 and the cathode 51. Since the pigment particles 42 and the ITO particles 43 are negatively charged by the surfactant 52 in the solution, when a DC voltage is applied between the electrodes immersed in the electrolytic solution, the pigment particles 42 and the ITO particles 43 are placed on the anode 22 (in this embodiment, the ITO electrode The pigment particles 42 and the ITO particles 43 are deposited on (top) to form a colored element having a layer structure. Note that the thickness of the coloring element deposited on the ITO electrode 22 could be easily adjusted by controlling the applied voltage and time. As described above, according to the present method, since the coloring element is deposited only on the electrode to which the voltage is applied, for example, Red, Gr containing conductive particles may be used.
The color filters of R, G, and B colors can be formed by preparing three-color electrolytic solutions adjusted by the pigments of E.Een and Blue, respectively, and forming a color element of each color on a desired electrode. it can. Thus, when forming colored elements of different colors, formation of colored elements for each color (FIG. 19-2), washing (FIG. 19-3), and drying (FIG. 1)
9-4), preliminary curing (5 in FIG. 19) must be performed.
This is to prevent the color of the already formed coloring element from being mixed with the electrolytic solution when the coloring element is formed.
After the coloring elements of each color are deposited on the desired dragon pole, they are finally cured, and the formation of the coloring elements is completed. In this example, a commercially available pigment was used. However, since the commercially available pigment has a large particle size due to agglomeration of the particles, these particles are once pulverized and used. The particle size of the pigment particles after pulverization is 0.
It was from 01 μm to 2 μm. The particle size of the ITO particles is 0.0
1 μm to 1 μm was used. The resistivity of the color filter can be reduced by increasing the content of ITO particles in the coloring element.

(Example 2) Pigment particles were added to a transparent photosensitive resin.
A liquid uniformly dispersed including conductive particles and, if necessary, transparent particles is applied to a substrate, and after pre-curing, the photosensitive resin is exposed and developed to be patterned into a predetermined shape. Alternatively, the pigment and conductive particles are uniformly dispersed in a transparent resin, which is applied to a substrate, pre-cured, exposed, developed, and etched through a photoresist to form the transparent resin into a predetermined shape. A coloring element is formed by patterning. FIG. 20 shows a specific example of such a manufacturing method. As shown in FIG.
Is applied with a color resin solution 25. The color resin solution is obtained by mixing a transparent photosensitive resin PVA-stilbazole photosensitive resin with a pigment of a colorant and particles of ITO together with a dispersant. For the pigment, a commercially available pigment is further finely pulverized to a particle size of 0.01 μm to 2 μm.
m, fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.04 μm
O particles having a particle size of 0.01 μm to 1 μm were used.
After application of the color resin solution, the photosensitive resin is exposed and developed to form a desired pattern (FIG. 20B),
Post bake was performed. FIG. 21 shows this series of steps. By repeating this series of steps for the red, green and blue color resin solutions,
R, G, and B coloring elements were sequentially formed to form a color filter having a desired color.

Example 3 After forming a layer to be dyed containing conductive particles and, if necessary, transparent particles, the layer can be dyed to form a colored element. In order to form colored elements of several colors, a method of repeatedly forming a layer to be dyed, dyeing and forming an intermediate protective layer for each color, and masking a layer to be formed first with a resist layer, And dyeing is repeated for each color. FIG. 15 shows a specific example of such a manufacturing method. ITO particles having a particle size of 0.01 μm to 1 μm are coated with a hydrophilic resin such as gelatin, casein, fish glue, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide and the like, and coated on a substrate so as to have a uniform film thickness ( 22A), a layer to be dyed 26 was formed. A resist 61 is applied on the dyed layer 26 (FIG. 22).
b) Exposure and development into a pattern of a predetermined shape (FIG. 22)
c) staining the desired color (FIG. 22d). The steps of resist application, exposure, development, and dyeing are performed by Red, Green,
The process was repeated three times for each blue to form R, G, and B color filters.

(Embodiment 4) By applying the conventional printing technology,
A coloring element can also be formed by printing an ink containing a pigment, conductive particles and, if necessary, transparent particles at predetermined positions on a substrate. FIG. 23 shows a specific example of such a manufacturing method. As shown in FIG. 23 a, after transferring the ink 27 having the pigment and the conductive particles on the planographic or intaglio 54 to the blanket 62,
This was transferred to and printed (FIG. 23b), and a colored element was formed at a predetermined position. The pigment has a particle size of 0.01 μm or more.
2 μm, conductive particles having a particle size of 0.01 μm
1 μm ITO particles were used.

(Embodiment 5) FIG. 24 shows a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device in this embodiment. FIG. 25 is a view for explaining a method of manufacturing the scattering layer (light scattering layer) used in this example. A TFT element 30, an ITO pixel electrode 23, and the like were formed on the surface of an insulating substrate 12 such as glass to form a switching element side substrate. After the process of the switching element side substrate is completed, the substrate together with the surface active material is mixed with conductive particles 46 and a polymer resin 44 such as a polyester resin.
Immersed in a solution containing Then, the electrode 51 and the reflective electrode 23 immersed in the solution are connected to a DC power supply 53 so that the reflective electrode 23 serves as an anode, and a current flows between the electrodes. The transparent conductive particles 46 and the polymer resin 44 are deposited on the light scattering layer 28.
Was formed. In this example, ITO particles as a transparent material were used for the conductive particles. The thickness of the scattering layer was set to 3 μm, and the volume mixing ratio between the polyester resin and the ITO particles was set to 1: 2.

Thereafter, a color filter is provided on a glass substrate,
A bright color reflective liquid crystal display device can be realized by combining with a counter substrate having an ITO film which is a transparent conductive film.

In this embodiment, the transparent conductive particles are made of IT.
Although O particles were used, the present invention is not limited to this. Other materials include ZnO and SnO. Further, the conductive particles and the polymer resin are set to have different refractive indexes,
If the refractive index difference is set to be large, the scattering characteristics of the scattering layer are improved.

Embodiment 6 FIG. 26 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display device in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the manufacturing method is the same as that of the fifth embodiment.
However, Ag particles 76 were used as the conductive particles in the scattering layer.
As a result, a reflection type liquid crystal display device having enhanced reflection components and excellent reflection performance has been realized. At this time, by setting the thickness of the scattering layer to 0.5 to 1 μm and installing the backlight 81 outside the glass substrate, when the backlight is not turned on, the reflected light of the external light is used as a light source. A reflective liquid crystal display device that can be used in a transmissive liquid crystal display mode when a backlight is turned on in a liquid crystal display mode has been realized. Further, when the thickness of the scattering layer was set from 1 μm to 3 μm, a device dedicated to the reflective liquid crystal display mode could be realized.

(Embodiment 7) FIG. 27 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display device in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the switching element side substrate is formed by forming the TFT element 30, the Al pixel electrode 23 and the like on the surface of the insulating substrate 12 such as glass.
In this embodiment, Al which is a metal material is used for the pixel electrode 23. After the process of the switching element side substrate is completed, the substrate together with the surfactant, the conductive particles 46,
It is immersed in a solution containing a polymer resin 44 such as a polyester resin. The electrode 51 immersed in this solution
A DC power supply 53 is connected to the reflective electrode 23 so that the reflective electrode 23 becomes an anode, and a current flows between the electrodes. Was deposited to form a light scattering layer 28. In this example, the case of FIG. 27A in the case where the conductive particles are ITO particles as a transparent material and the case of FIG. 27B in the case of Ag particles which are metal particles are demonstrated. The thickness of the scattering layer is I
In the case of TO particles, it was set to 1.5 μm, in the case of Ag particles, it was set to 1 μm, and the volume mixing ratio between the polyester resin and the conductive particles was 1: 2.5. After that, a bright color reflection type liquid crystal display device was realized by combining with a counter substrate in which a color filter and an ITO film as a transparent conductive film were formed on a glass substrate.

(Embodiment 8) FIG. 28 is a sectional view showing a TFT substrate manufacturing process according to an embodiment of the present invention. The manufacturing process is
The procedure was as follows: (a) manufacture of a switching element, (b) formation of irregularities on an organic insulating film, (c) formation of a contact, (d) formation of an Al reflector, and (e) formation of a scattering layer. In this embodiment, the thin film transistor is applied to the switching element in the step (a). However, the present invention is not limited to this, and similar performance can be obtained with other switching elements. In the formation of the unevenness in the step (b), the polyimide film 83 having a thickness of 2 μm is used as an organic insulating film, the unevenness pattern 7 is formed by a photolithography process and a dry etching process, and an organic film is further formed thereon. The formation of 1 μm produced 72 smooth irregularities. Then, in step (c), a contact hole for electrically connecting the TFT and the pixel electrode is formed, and in step (d), Al is patterned to form a reflector having irregularities on the surface and a pixel electrode 78. Formed. Then, a scattering layer was formed in step (e).

At this time, the average value of the finally obtained unevenness is 0.6 μm. After the completion of the TFT element formation, the substrate is immersed in a solution containing the conductive particles 46 and a polymer resin 44 such as a polyester resin together with a surfactant, and the electrode 51 and the reflection electrode 23 immersed in the solution are immersed in the solution.
The DC power supply 53 is connected so that the reflective electrode 23 becomes an anode, and a current flows between the electrodes.
The conductive particles 46 and the polymer resin 44 in the solution were deposited on 3 to form the light scattering layer 28. In this embodiment, the conductive particles include ITO particles as a transparent material and Al particles as metal particles.
Using either of the above, two types of reflective liquid crystal display devices were manufactured. Thereafter, a bright color reflective liquid crystal display device was realized by combining a color filter and a counter substrate in which an ITO film as a transparent conductive film was formed on a glass substrate. FIG. 29 is a sectional structural view of the reflection type liquid crystal display device obtained in this example. In the present embodiment, a liquid crystal display device having a highly diffusive and reflective performance was realized by having a concave-convex structure on the surface of the reflector.

[0039]

According to the present invention, by applying a conductive coloring element to a liquid crystal display device, it is no longer necessary to form an ITO electrode on the upper part of the coloring element as in the prior art. The process can be omitted. Further, the color filter can be easily formed regardless of the electrode surface shape. Further, the coloring element itself can have scattering properties by including transparent particles having a different refractive index from other constituent components in the coloring element. Especially,
In the reflection type liquid crystal display device, bright color display can be performed.

Further, by providing a conductive light-scattering layer on the electrode for driving the liquid crystal inside the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, particularly in a reflection type liquid crystal display device, good and
A clear display can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a structure of a coloring element in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a structure of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of a scattering layer of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of a scattering layer of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of a scattering layer showing a reflection mode and a transmission mode of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of a scattering layer of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of a scattering layer of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of a scattering layer formed on a concave-convex reflector of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a view illustrating the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a process chart showing the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a process chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a view illustrating the method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a scattering layer in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing step of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal material 2 Metal particle 3 Metal conductive particle 4 Al particle 5 Ag particle 6 Irregular reflection pixel electrode 7 Pixel electrode 8 Scattering layer 9 Backlight 10 Liquid crystal 11 Transparent substrate 12 Substrate 20 Coloring element 21 ITO electrode 22 Electrode 23 Reflection electrode 24 Conductive film 25 Color resin solution 26 Layer to be dyed 27 Ink 28 Light scattering layer 30 TFT element 31 MIM element 32 Gate electrode 33 a-Si / SiN layer 34 Drain electrode 35 Insulating film 36 Wiring 37 Insulating film 41 Interlayer insulating film 42 Pigment 43 conductive particles 44 polymer resin 45 transparent particles 46 transparent conductive particles 51 cathode 52 surfactant 53 dc power supply 54 plate 61 resist 62 blanket 70 incident light 71 reflected light 72 unevenness 82 scattered light 83 polyimide

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued from the front page (72) Inventor Setsuo Kaneko 5-7-1 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo Within NEC Corporation (56) References JP-A-60-263123 (JP, A) JP-A-60 -23830 (JP, A) JP-A-6-34809 (JP, A) JP-A-4-143725 (JP, A) JP-A-5-289909 (JP, A) JP-A-4-398 (JP, A) JP-A-2-267298 (JP, A) JP-A-1-295224 (JP, A) JP-A-63-240503 (JP, A) JP-A-61-281219 (JP, A) 130220 (JP, A) JP-A-8-220332 (JP, A) JP-A-1-156720 (JP, A) JP-A-9-258717 (JP, A) JP-A-9-203896 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G02F 1/1343 G02B 5/02 G02B 5/20 101 G02F 1/1335 505

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. A has a pair of opposing substrates, a liquid crystal is sealed between the pair of substrates, a liquid crystal display device der having a colored element having conductivity on the inner surface of at least one substrate
Thus, the coloring element comprises pigment particles, conductive particles and transparent particles.
And the transparent particles are the pigment particles and the conductive particles.
A liquid crystal display device having a refractive index different from that of the liquid crystal display. 2. A liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates facing each other, wherein a liquid crystal is sealed between the pair of substrates, and a transparent electrode material for driving the liquid crystal on at least one of the substrates.
A liquid crystal display device comprising: an electrode comprising: a light scattering layer having conductivity on the electrode. 3. A battery outside the substrate provided with the electrodes.
The liquid according to claim 2, further comprising a crite.
Crystal display device. 4. A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates opposed to each other and in which liquid crystal is sealed between the pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates has an uneven surface for driving the liquid crystal.
That an electrode, a liquid crystal display device characterized by comprising a light-scattering layer having a planar conductive surface on the electrode. 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4 , wherein said electrode is made of a metallic electrode material. 6. The light scattering layer according to claim 2 , wherein the light scattering layer comprises a polymer resin and conductive particles.
A liquid crystal display device according to any of the above. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6 , wherein the conductive particles are made of a transparent material. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6 , wherein the conductive particles are made of a metal material. 9. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 6 , wherein an electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed on a substrate, and the electrode and the electrode facing the electrode are connected to an interface. By immersing in a solution containing an activator, conductive particles and a polymer resin, and passing an electric current between these electrodes, the conductive particles and the polymer resin are deposited on the electrodes for driving the liquid crystal to form a light scattering layer. Forming a liquid crystal display device.