JP2901059B2 - Vegetable seeding method using bees - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a bee bee Osmia.
Regarding the method of seeding vegetables using cornifrons, warming the cocoon after dormancy awakening treatment, releasing the decocooned adults to the seeding field, shortening the number of days of decocooning, and then picking the cocoon as it is The present invention relates to a method in which nesting activity (and pollination activity) is adjusted to flowering of plants by releasing them in a field.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Currently, bee honeybees are apples grown outdoors.
It is used mainly in central and northern Japan as pollination insects such as sweet cherry. The timing of release depends on the flowering time of these fruit trees. For example, in the case of a fruit tree (cherry) whose flowering date almost coincides with the nesting start date of bee bees, a method of managing the nest in a natural state until the time of use (natural leaving method) can be used. The flowering date is 7-10 from the nesting start date
In the case of fruit trees (apples) that are delayed in the day, the wintering nest is temporarily moved to a refrigerator (0 to 5 ° C) for about three weeks in early spring (early April in Aomori Prefecture), so that the flowering date and the nesting start date are matched. The method (slow release method) is generally used.

[0003] In both cases, after decocooning, females mate with the males that appeared earlier in the vicinity of the nest, and provide nutrients mainly for nectar absorption in flowering plants (dandelions, sakuras, etc.) inside and outside the orchard. Ingest. This starts nesting activity sequentially from sexually mature individuals. In other words, in the case of apples and sweet cherries, flowering activities are performed with other flowering plants for one to two weeks before they bloom to wait for the development of ovaries. Female nesting activity (nesting population) was 7
It peaks after -10 days, then tapers off and ends after 2-4 weeks.

[0004] For the release of bees, it is common to install a natural nest in a nest box as it is (natural nest release method / natural release method). However, when the rate of damage of natural enemies is high, the nest is dismantled and a healthy nest is destroyed. It is necessary to take out the cocoon. In this case, the original nest cannot be directly installed in the nest box. Therefore, removing the natural enemy and removing the naked cocoon into an appropriate container and releasing the cocoon (cocoon naked release method), or putting the cocoon in a box or bag with a long tunnel-shaped escape hole and releasing it The breeding box (bag) release method is commonly used. However, since these methods have a low female retention rate, a rearrangement method has been devised in which cocoons are stuck inside natural nests and released (Yasuo Maeda, Research Report of Tohoku Agricultural Experiment Station) No. 57, p. 221 (1978)). In each of these methods, a natural nest or cocoon is stored outdoors or in a refrigerator in winter, and is directly installed in a nest box without performing a heating treatment in spring.

The male / female release ratio is usually 2: 1 because the sex ratio in the natural nest of the apple orchard is approximately 2: 1. On the other hand, it is also recommended that the release ratio be 3: 1 to ensure mating. This is because males appear about 2 to 10 days earlier than females, and some individuals die before females appear.

[0006]

Problems to be solved by the present invention The conventional target crops of bee bees were mainly deciduous fruit trees of Rosaceae cultivated in the open field such as apples and sweet cherries. Were almost identical. For this reason, the conventional release method hardly caused any problem. However, recently, the use of honeybees as the sole pollinating insect has been studied for various crops, and the target crop has been changed from fruit trees to herbaceous crops, and the cultivation environment of the target crop has been changed from open (open). It is being expanded into the facility (closed system) (Yasuo Maeda, titled "Pollination of apples using bee bees", and the title "Series 4 Earth-symbiotic animals that can attract flowers. Co-evolution of flowers and pollinators")
(Supervised by Hiroya Kawanabe, edited by Tamoji Inoue and Makoto Kato, published by Heibonsha)
195-232 (1993)).

[0007] As a result of the present inventors having used bee bee pollinating insects for seeding vegetables, the following has been clarified. Depending on the type of vegetable, male beebees have extremely low pollination effect. Females before starting nesting activities should have almost no pollinating effect like males. For unmated females, the start of nesting activity was significantly delayed,
Inactivity after the start of nesting activities. Particularly, when males and females are released simultaneously in a closed system, males survive for a long period of time and hinder female nesting activities. Although the results of can be imagined to some extent from previous studies, the results described below cause serious problems, especially when used for vegetable seeding.

Since the time of use as a pollinating insect does not always coincide with the appearance of the natural state, it is necessary to strictly control the appearance. The appearance of bees in the natural state usually occurs during the flowering period of Somei-Yoshino-zakura (late April near Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture). On the other hand, for example, when seeding of cruciferous vegetables is carried out, flowering usually varies from early March to mid-June or late September to late October, although it varies depending on the type, variety and cropping type of the vegetables.

[0009] Even if released by a conventional method at the same time as flowering, it takes several days to about two weeks to decocoon and start nesting, so that the start of pollination activity is delayed. Further, since there is an individual difference in the nesting start (ovarian development) period, it takes about one week to obtain a sufficient pollination effect. As a result, the flowering period is prolonged because fruiting hardly occurs. Since most insecticides cannot be sprayed during a bee's activity, extending the flowering period carries the risk of reducing seed yield due to pest outbreaks. Also, if you are using the nature of the plant that self-incompatibility in cruciferous vegetables F ₁ seed production, extended flowering period has the risk of leading to seed purity decreases due to aging harmony. Furthermore, if the flowering period is prolonged, the plant body continues to grow, so that the flower stalk elongates, making the harvesting of seeds difficult.

[0010] Since the seed is usually harvested in a single crop, flowering plants other than the crop to be seeded are often not present nearby. Also, because of the high planting density, it is not possible to secure flowering plants in the pre-spawning period as undergrowth, as in an orchard.
In such an environment, it is difficult to establish and nest the bees even if they appear before flowering of the target crop. For this reason, even if the bee appears first, it is at the same time as the flowering of the target crop, and it takes at least one week to reach the peak of the nesting activity by the conventional releasing method.

[0011] Vegetables produce more pests before flowering than deciduous fruit trees such as apple and cherry. For this reason, pesticides are frequently sprayed. In some cases, long-lasting pesticides are used to control drug-resistant pests such as Japanese moth. Honey bees have been mainly used as pollinating insects for collecting vegetables, but honey bees are released in nest box units, so their release density is high. For this reason, even if the effect of the pesticide remains to some extent at the time of starting the release, there is a case where there is no problem in the seed collection if the number of individuals affected by the pesticide is small. In addition, when residual effects of pesticides were confirmed, it was possible to respond by moving the hive to another location or closing the hive early. On the other hand, when bee bees are used, cattle can be catastrophically damaged if the pesticides are residual because they have a low stocking density, reflecting high pollination efficiency, and are more susceptible to pesticides than honey bees. Easy to cause. Therefore, when the effects of pesticides are confirmed, it is necessary to release the birds again several days later, to immediately perform nesting activities, or to devise a release method that can avoid the effects of pesticides.

In order to use bees for collecting vegetables, the above problems must be solved.
For this purpose, we developed a release method that allows bees to fly at the same time as flowering of the target crop, complete the mating of all females in a short time, and start nesting activity in a short time. Must. Also, a sufficient amount of males must be ensured to fully mate females, but on the contrary they must release as few males as possible to prevent female nesting activity. It is desirable that the method be a release method that can minimize the effects of pesticides. However, because there are no problems in the past, no research has been conducted on a release method for solving these problems. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to make bean bees fully usable for seeding vegetables.

[0013]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have set cocoons instead of placing them in a nest box (released) in a state in which bees stay in the cocoons as in the prior art. As a result of repeating the warming test and the adult releasing test of the cocoons stored at a low temperature, it was concluded that the first invention of the present application was completed.

Next, the present inventors thought that copulation could be completed by coexisting adult females and males of bee honeybees that had been decocooned in a small space, and conducted a female / male cohabitation test. The second invention has been completed. Also, in the process of completing the first invention of the present application, it was thought that the heating period could be shortened by treating at an intermediate stage temperature before heating the low-temperature-preserved cocoon. The third invention has been completed. Furthermore, the inventors considered that it is possible to combine the first and third aspects of the present invention, and conducted a test. As a result, the fourth aspect of the present invention was completed. Further, a storage test was conducted on the assumption that the adult after decocoon release could be stored at a low temperature for a short period before releasing, and as a result, the fifth invention of the present application was completed. In addition, as a result of conducting a feeding test, it was thought that it would not be possible to activate the subsequent activities by feeding nutrition before releasing the animals and to start the spawning of females earlier. It was completed.

[0015] That is, the first invention of the present application is characterized in that an adult bee bee is treated for dormancy and awakening, heated at a temperature of 16 to 30 ° C., decocooned, and released to a seed field. The second invention of the present application is a method for collecting vegetables, according to the first invention of the present application, wherein adult female and male adult beebees are removed from cocoons in a small case, copulated, and then released. This is the third method for collecting vegetables.
The invention of the present invention relates to the treatment of the adult bee
A method for seeding vegetables, wherein the cocoon is treated at a temperature of up to 15 ° C. and then released in a seeding field as it is. The fourth invention of the present application is the method according to the first or second invention of the present application. After dormancy and awakening treatment of adult bee bees, the cocoon is treated at a temperature of 8 to 15 ° C., and then heated at a temperature of 16 to 30 ° C.
It is a vegetable seeding method characterized by decocooning,
A fifth aspect of the present invention is the vegetable according to the first, second or fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein the adults of the bee bee are decocooned and then stored at 0 to 8 ° C. to delay release. The sixth invention of the present application is directed to the first, second and fourth applications of the present invention.
Alternatively, in the fifth invention, there is provided a method for collecting vegetables, which comprises decocooning an adult bee bee, feeding a diluted honey, and then releasing the diluted honey.

As the vegetables to be used in the present invention, honeybees can be used as pollinating insects, and for example, cruciferous vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, tsukena, cabbage and radish; And Laceae vegetables such as carrots.

In the present invention, the term "dormant awakening treatment" refers to the treatment of adults that have emerged in a cocoon at a low temperature of 2 to 8 ° C for 3 months or more, but at 5 ° C for 4 to 8 months. However, it is preferable because the mortality rate is low, the cocoon removal rate is high, and the number of days of cocoon removal is short. Further, within the range of 4 to 6 months, the longer the treatment period, the higher the rate of cocoon removal even if the heating temperature is low, and the shorter the number of days of cocoon removal, which is preferable.
On the other hand, within the range of 6 to 8 months, the effect of extending the treatment period is scarcely recognized.

The "days of removing cocoons" is the number of days required for the cocoons to break after heating and for adults to emerge, and the shorter the number of days, the faster the release can be made. In addition, the male reacts to the heating temperature lower by 1 to 2 ° C. than the female and decocoons. Furthermore, even if heated at the same temperature, the number of days of decocooning is shorter in males than in females.
Also, there are individual differences in the number of days of decocooning, and the difference tends to be smaller for males than for females, the higher the heating temperature, and the longer the number of sleep-wake treatment days.

In the first invention of the present application, it is necessary to heat and decocoon the cocoon after the dormancy awakening process at a temperature of 16 to 30 ° C. Within the above-mentioned processing temperature range, the higher the heating processing temperature, the shorter the number of days of decocoon removal, which is effective. However, the higher the treatment temperature, the higher the mortality rate if adults are kept stored at that temperature after decocoon removal. For this reason, the range of 22 to 26 ° C for females and the range of 20 to 26 ° C for males are most preferable. If the temperature is lower than 16 ° C., the number of days of uncocooning becomes too long. If the temperature is higher than 30 ° C., the mortality after uncocooning becomes extremely high.

It is preferable to release the adult after decocooning near the hive. In order to increase the fixation rate, it is preferable to place an adult in a hive (near a nesting material) at night or in a time zone when the temperature is 16 ° C. or lower (dawn or late in the evening). In this way, the average retention rate (50
%) Is obtained.

[0021] In the second invention of the present application, adult female and male of bee-bees that have been decocooned are allowed to coexist in a small case,
It is necessary to mate. Here, "small case"
A bee has an internal space in which bees can perform normal mating activities and cannot fly for long periods of time. Therefore,
1.5 times or more the area occupied by bees (0.9 cm ² / individual) 20
The area is less than double and the height is 1.5cm or more and less than 10cm. If the case is too large, it is not preferable because the female and the male are less likely to encounter, and a flying activity consumes energy. Also, at least the lid of the case must be transparent or translucent so that enough light is available for the bees to move. The case with a bee has a minimum temperature of 8 ° C or more and a daytime temperature of
It is placed in a temperature condition of ℃ 26 ° C. for about a half day to a day. Mating of bees is carried out as early as about 1 to 2 minutes after they have been living together. When releasing bees after cohabitation for a predetermined period, most females have completed mating, but males are also released because unmated females may still exist. The release ratio at this time is preferably the reverse of the ratio normally used outdoors, that is, male: female = 1: 2 to 1: 3. This can reduce the disturbance of female nesting activity by males.

In the third aspect of the present invention, it is necessary to treat the cocoon after the dormancy awakening treatment at a temperature of 8 to 15 ° C. before releasing the cocoon. The process at a temperature lower than 8 ° C. is the same as the temperature at which the dormancy awakening process is performed, and is meaningless. Treating at a temperature exceeding 15 ° C. is also meaningless because it is the same as the temperature at which the heated decocoon treatment is performed. Further, within this processing temperature range, the higher the temperature, the shorter the processing period. However, considering the accuracy of a normal thermostat (set temperature ± 1 ° C.), processing at 12 to 14 ° C. is preferable. Also, this processing period becomes shorter as the dormancy awakening processing period becomes longer.
When the period of the dormancy awakening process is 6 months or longer, the number of days for heating and decocooning becomes sufficiently short without performing this process. Therefore, this processing is effective only when the sleep-wake processing period is less than 6 months (3 months or more). In addition, it is particularly effective for a female with a relatively long cocoon removal time.

When this treatment is carried out, the individual difference in the number of days of cocoon removal can be made smaller than in the case where the cocoon is released without performing this treatment, and the number of days of cocoon removal can be reduced to 1/2 to 1/3 at the maximum. After performing the dormancy awakening process by this for 4 to 5 months, the number of days until the start of nesting is 5 to 5 days at maximum, compared to the conventional release method.
It can be shortened by about 10 days.

In the fourth invention of the present application, it is necessary to combine the first and third inventions of the present application. As a result, individual differences in the number of days of decocoon removal can be made smaller than in the case of only the first invention of the present application, and the heating treatment period can be shortened. Therefore, one of the significances of performing this treatment is to shorten the heating and decocoon treatment period and reduce energy consumption due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

Another significance is that the cocoon removal can be performed in a relatively short period of time by performing the heating treatment after performing this treatment. This makes it easier to match the flowering date and the decocooning date of the crop to be pollinated. Since the growth and flowering of the plant vary greatly depending on the weather conditions, the forecast of the flowering date can be made more accurate as the flowering gets closer. Therefore, if the treatment according to the third invention of the present application is performed according to a rough prediction, the flowering date and the release date can be easily matched by performing the heating treatment of the first invention of the present application several days before flowering. Can be.

In the fifth invention of the present application, it is necessary to decocoon the adult bee bee and store it at 0 to 8 ° C. This makes it possible to delay the release from the cocoon for about 1 to 2 weeks. If the storage temperature exceeds 8 ° C., it is not preferable because storage cannot be performed for a long time. Further, the longer the storage period, the more likely it is to die, so it is preferable to keep it for about one week. This processing is performed when the actual flowering is delayed from the scheduled flowering date (for cruciferous vegetables, 1 to 2
This is usually the case if it is delayed for about a week), and is effective in delaying the release date with flowering.

In the sixth invention of the present application, it is necessary to feed the diluted honey after decocooning the adult bee bee. An appropriate dilution ratio is around 50%. As a result, the activity of the individual whose energy has been consumed by the long-term low-temperature storage (dormant awakening) treatment or the heating and decocoon treatment can be enhanced. In addition, since it can induce ovarian development in females, it also has the effect of hastening the start of nesting activity after release.

Normally, a female that starts flowering activity after decocoon ingests a large amount of nectar together with pollen to develop the ovaries. For this reason, when a pesticide (an osmotic insecticide) remains in a nectar component in a seeding field, behavioral abnormality or death occurs due to incorporation of the pesticide component into the body. On the other hand, when the females that have been fed in advance are released, the amount of nectar taken up from the flowers at the beginning of the flower visiting activity can be reduced.

Further, if the food is fed before refrigerated storage according to the fifth invention of the present application, the storage period can be extended. By combining the first or fourth invention of the present application with the second and sixth inventions of the present application, the nesting activity can be started more smoothly after flowering than in the case of only the first or fourth invention of the present application. Also, depending on the relationship with the flowering situation,
It is also effective to further combine the fifth invention with the first or fourth invention of the present application.

[0030]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. After the adult bee cocoons are treated for dormancy and awakening at 5 ° C. for 5 months, the female cocoons are first treated at 14 ° C. for one week. After treating the female cocoons for one week, the same number of male cocoons as the female cocoons are put together in a small case and heated and decocooned at 26 ° C. for 4 days in the dark. Four days later, a small container containing a tissue paper soaked with 50% diluted honey is placed in a small case containing a decocooned bee, and left for one day in a room with a natural photoperiod. At night, half of the males are thinned out of the small case, and the small case with the lid removed is placed in a nest box (a reed nesting material is previously set in the nest box) installed in the seed netting room to complete the release. The number of females to be released (release density) can be determined arbitrarily depending on the crop, cultivation environment, seeding time, planting density, seeding method (self-incompatible or male sterility-based seeding). Change.

[0031]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these Examples. (Example 1) The relationship between the dormancy awakening treatment period of bee bees, the subsequent temperature treatment period, and the number of days of decocooning was investigated. The dormancy awakening treatment temperature is 5 ° C, the treatment period is 3, 4, 5, 6 months,
The processing temperatures are 14 ° C and 26 ° C. 0, 1, 2 at 14 ° C
After weekly treatment, the mixture was heated at 26 ° C. for 20 days, and the number of decocoons was examined every day. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The standard deviation is added to the average decocoon days in the table.

[0032]

[Table 1]

[0033]

[Table 2]

From Table 1, it can be seen that males tend to intensively decocoon in a short period of time even if the same temperature treatment is performed, as the period of the dormancy awakening process becomes longer. It can also be seen that the longer the 14 ° C. treatment period is, the more likely it is that cocoon removal will occur intensively in a short period when the 26 ° C. heating treatment is performed thereafter.
In some cases, a high rate of cocoon removal was observed during the 14 ° C. treatment period, indicating that the treatment was not required or the treatment period was too long.

In Table 2, a tendency similar to that of a male can be read only in the case of a female in which the sleep-wake processing period is 4 months or longer. 26 ° C when the sleep awakening process is performed for 3 months
Even if the treatment is performed at 14 ° C. before the heating and decocoon treatment, there is almost no change in the number of days of uncocooning. This is because in the case of females, the dormancy awakening process is insufficient for 3 months at 5 ° C. The number of days to decocoon varies considerably between individuals depending on the temperature treatment method. Experiments showed that individuals who took a longer time to remove cocoons tended to have shorter lifespans after removing the cocoons than those who removed cocoons earlier. This indicates that the bees consume energy even during the heating process until the cocoon is removed. From this, it can be said that the shorter the heating and decocoon treatment period, the better.

If the individual decocooned at 26 ° C. is left standing as it is, it consumes energy and dies. When the number of days to death after uncocooning was examined in males with short lifespans, the longer the dormancy awakening period, the shorter the period after uncocooning. The number of days in which dead individuals were confirmed was from the 8th day after decocooning when the dormancy awakening treatment period was 3 months, and from the 3rd day in the same 6 months. Therefore, it is necessary to select a heating and decocoon treatment such that the longer the dormancy awakening processing period becomes, the smaller the variation in the number of days of uncocooning becomes. When the dormancy awakening treatment period is three months, since dead individuals appeared from the eighth day, it can be said that treatment in which the number of heating and decocoon treatment days exceeds seven days is dangerous. The results are summarized below.

When the cocoon is decocooned at a temperature of 5 ° C. to (14 ° C.) to 26 ° C., the cocoon must not be removed during the 14 ° C. treatment period, the average number of days of uncocooning + (the standard deviation of the average number of days of uncocooning) ×
If a temperature treatment method that satisfies the two conditions of not exceeding 7 days as much as possible is considered to be possible, it is possible to release the bees while keeping the activity of the bees at the time of decocooning high. Table 3 summarizes the relationship between the treatment temperature and the number of treatment days. This is an example of the temperature processing technique according to the first or fourth invention of the present application. In addition, a case where after only 14 ° C. treatment is performed and then released without performing 26 ° C. heating and decocoon treatment is an example of the temperature treatment technique of the third invention of the present application. Note that the processing temperature range and the number of processing days are not limited thereto.

[0038]

[Table 3]

(Example 2) A net room (4.2 × 7.8 × 2.4 (h) m) at the Watanabe Seed Farm in Koushida-cho, Miyagi Prefecture in early April 1997
Indicating the self-incompatibility use F ₁ seed production example of Chinese cabbage was carried out in. First aspect, Chinese cabbage F ₁ seed production test group 1 district was the release, by the combination of the invention of the second and sixth (a Chinese cabbage varieties A), in the control test group 2 ° according to another variety (a cultivar B) A total of three wards were set. In each test plot, pollinating insects were installed at the stage when the main branch of Chinese cabbage bloomed on average 2 to 3 flowers.

One of the two control test plots is a test plot for collecting honeybees (hereinafter referred to as bee plot) which has been conventionally used as a pollinating insect. For the honey bee hive, a disposable hive with 1,000 queenless bees was used. The honey bees have been killed in three days by installing birdhouses in a net room and performing confusing flying activities with vinyl and side nets on the ceiling for three days. From the fourth day, the surviving worker bees acclimated to the narrow net room environment and performed normal flower visiting activities until the end of flowering.

Another control plot is a test plot (hereinafter referred to as “relocated plot”) in which bees that had been awakened for 5 days at 5 ° C. for about 160 days were released by a conventional method (relocated and released). The number of released animals was 30 female and male. Males began decocooning after 3 days, and females started flying after 10 days. Nesting activity began approximately two weeks later, with peak nesting activity one week to ten days later. The fixing rate of the scalpel was as low as about 30%.

In the test plot according to the present invention (hereinafter, heating plot),
A bee that had undergone the same dormancy awakening process as the control bee wasp was used. Four days before release, the cocoons were placed in a polypropylene container (17 × 17 × 6 (h) cm) and heated at 25 ° C. for 4 days under natural daylength. In the container, in addition to the cocoon, a 50% diluted honey as a bait for the bee after decocooning and a reed tube for resting the decocooned bee were prepared. Mating behavior was observed in the container from the second day of heating, and most of the bees had decocoons on the day of release. The container with the lid opened on the morning of the release day was placed in a birdhouse, and released. Nesting activity was confirmed 2 days after release, and 3-4
On the day, the nesting peak was reached. Although the fixation rate was not investigated, it was estimated to be about 50 to 80%.

As a result of the test, the average seeding amount per strain was 88.77 g in the honeybee section, whereas it was 53.97 g in the rearing section of the bee bee, and only 60% of the honeybee section could be seeded. In the bee warming section, the test was carried out with a Chinese cabbage variety different from the bee section and the rearranged section, so that it could not be simply compared, but an average of 77.78 g per strain was sown. This value was equivalent to that obtained when bee release was performed with this variety.

The amount of seed collected per pod, which reflects the activity of pollinating insects, was examined by dividing the main branch of Chinese cabbage strain into 10 pod units. The results are shown in FIG. In the figures, the release test plot according to the present invention is referred to as a heating plot, the conventional release test plot is referred to as a relocation plot, and the conventional pollinating insect honeybee plot is referred to as a honeybee plot.

The following can be read from FIG. In the honeybee ward, pollination activity was insufficient for several days after the hive was installed because bees were confused, but it can be seen that the pollination activity has been performed normally thereafter. On the other hand, in the bee rearranged plot, the pollination activity started from around the end of flowering in the bee plot, indicating that the subsequent pollination activity was also unstable. In addition, since seeding was not performed at all up to the first 100 flowers, flowering continued almost twice as much as that in the honeybee section, indicating an unfavorable seeding pattern. In the heated section according to the present invention, the pollination activity was performed earlier than in the bee section, fruiting occurred smoothly, and the flowering was completed in an ideal seeding pattern.

(Example 3) After performing the dormancy awakening process at 5 ° C for 6 months until the middle and late of August 1997, 8.5 × 6.5 × 2.
26 female and male separately in a 0 (h) cm plastic case
The cocoon was heated and decocooned, and refrigerated at 5 ° C within one day after decocooning. The storage periods were 7 days and 14 days. After the preservation treatment, females and males were placed in one case and mated. Thereafter, the animals were released in a net room (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 m) and examined for any influence on flying behavior. In the net room, we prepared a reed tube as a nesting material and flowering buckwheat as a bait resource plant.

No dead animals were observed during the refrigeration period. Copulation was also observed normally. Individuals treated for one week were released in a net room as they were. The result of the flight activity observation was also judged to be normal. On the other hand, some of the individuals that had been refrigerated for 2 weeks showed slow movements, so they were fed 50% diluted honey and then released in a net room. The results of the release were determined to be normal as in the case of storage for one week.

(Example 4) In April 1997, a net room (2.5 × 7.0 ×
2.5 (h) m) in showing male sterility utilized F ₁ seed production example of leeks went. A total of 3 of one test plot and two control test plots that had been released by the combination of the first, second and sixth aspects of the present invention.
We set ward.

The second control test plot was a test plot in which bees that had been awakened at 5 ° C. for about 170 days were released by a conventional release method (relocation release method) (installed on April 17 to 24). On April 26-30). In one of the two plots, 50 males and 50 males were released in one nest box (hereinafter referred to as "50 rearrangements"), and in another plot, two nest boxes (5 males and 5 males each) were released.
0 birds / nesting box × 2) were installed (hereinafter referred to as rearrangement 100 wards). Two days after the male was placed in the birdhouse, the female was 6-9.
After a day, the cocoon was removed and flying activities were performed. However, the males disappeared within a few days, the females stayed in the side net for a long time and hardly moved, and the nesting activity was not completed. This is related to the application of Admire wettable powder 1000 times on April 9 to control aphids (Admire is a long-lasting insecticide that affects bees for about 30 days after application) Has been reported).

In the test plot according to the present invention, a bee which had undergone the same dormancy and awakening treatment as that of the control bee was used, and the number of released animals was 75 female and male males in the middle of the two control plots. 75 wards). Heating treatment was performed by planning the release date in the heating section to be approximately the same as the appearance of females in the rearranged section. Females placed cocoons in polypropylene containers (17 × 17 × 6 (h) cm) and heated at 25 ° C. under natural daylength from 6 days before release to males and 1 day before release. In the container, in addition to the cocoon, a 50% diluted honey as a bait for the bee after decocooning and a reed tube for resting the decocooned bee were prepared. All males decocooned within one day and mated with females who had already uncocooned. 4
On the evening of the 29th of March, the container with the lid opened was placed in a birdhouse and released. In this test plot as well, abnormal behavior that remained on the side net for 4 days after release was observed. However, normal flight activities resumed on the fifth day, and nesting activities began on the eighth day. Nesting peaks were quite late, 27 days after release. The fixing rate was 13%, which was an extremely low value. However, compared to the relocated plot, the fact that nesting activity was performed in the heated plot indicates that the effect of reducing the effect of the pesticide residual effect was reduced, and the effect of the sixth invention of the present application could be confirmed. Was. Seeding results are shown in Table 4.

[0051]

[Table 4]

The following can be read from Table 4. The average seeding amount per inflorescence (green onion shaved) was inferior to the normal year (average 2 ml or more) in each section due to the effects of pesticide residual effects, but the highest in the heated section (1.9 to 2 in the rearranged section). 0.7 times). In the rearranged plot, seeds were not collected at all in the inflorescence (inflorescence A) that bloomed at the beginning, and the amount of seed collected thereafter was extremely low, indicating that the influence of pesticides was large. On the other hand, in the heated section, some seeds were collected even in the early inflorescences, and although it was affected by pesticides, it can be seen that the flying activity was performed from the rearranged section immediately after release.

[0053]

According to the present invention, it is easy to release bees in accordance with the flowering of the crop to be pollinated, and normal nesting activity can be started early. As a result, it is possible to effectively use bees for collecting vegetables.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of an investigation of the amount of seeds collected per pod, which reflects the activity of pollinating insects, divided into 10 pod units in the main branch of Chinese cabbage.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yasuhiro Ishiyama 2789-1 Shimootaki, Otaki-machi, Isumi-gun, Chiba Pref. 58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A01H 1/02 A01G 1/00 A01K 67/033 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for collecting vegetables, which comprises treating an adult bee beetle for dormancy and awakening, heating it at a temperature of 16 to 30 ° C., removing cocoons, and then releasing it to a seed field. 2. The method for collecting seeds according to claim 1, wherein the adult female and male of bee-bees that have been decocooned are allowed to coexist in a small case, copulated, and then released. 3. A method for seeding vegetables, comprising treating a bee-beetle adult to dormancy and awakening, treating a cocoon at a temperature of 8 to 15 ° C., and releasing the cocoon to a seeding field as it is. 4. An adult bee beetle is treated for dormancy and awakening, and then the cocoon is treated at a temperature of 8 to 15 ° C.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cocoon is removed by heating at a temperature of 0.degree. 5. After decolonizing an adult bee bee, 0 to 0
The method according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the release is delayed by storing at 8 ° C. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the adult honey bee is decocooned, fed with diluted honey, and then released.