JP2893067B2 - Shock absorber - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shock absorber for protecting a mounted object by absorbing a horizontal vibration , and for example, a structure for absorbing a vibration of an installation surface such as the ground caused by an earthquake or the like. Seismic isolation structure to prevent the collapse of objects, or installation by absorbing vibrations applied to installation surfaces such as floors on which dangerous objects such as explosives or precision equipment such as computers are mounted. The present invention relates to a shock absorber used for a floor support structure or the like for preventing a malfunction or damage of an object .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as this type of apparatus, for example,
A structure as shown in FIG. 9 is known. That is, a rectangular plate 30 larger than the horizontal amplitude (horizontal swing width) caused by an earthquake or the like is fixed to an installation surface 34 such as the ground, and a rollable ball is placed on the plate 30. The ball 31 of a bearing body 32 provided with a freely accessible 31
Abut on the support body 32, and fix an installation object 33 such as a beam of a structure above the support body 32 to support the installation object 33,
The supporting members 35, 36, 37, 38 are fixed to the four corners 2
A structure in which a coil spring 39 is stretched between the support members 32 and 35.

[0003] The shock absorber having such a structure can be used even if the installation surface 34 is displaced in the horizontal direction (for example, in the direction of arrow B) due to a vibration such as an earthquake and the installation surface 34 moves the maximum deflection length Z.
The installation object 33 does not move due to the rolling of the ball 31 abutting on 30 (the state at the time of the vibration is indicated by a two-dot chain line).
The installed object 33 is hard to shake according to the vibration such as an earthquake.
Can be protected.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional shock absorber, the size of the plate 30 is changed at least by the assumed vibration regardless of the weight or the size of the external shape of the installation object 33. And the width of the coil spring 39 at the time of contraction must be ensured.
There is a problem that a large space for installing the device must be secured.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has as its object to provide a shock absorber that can be downsized and can be installed even in a narrow space.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a means for solving the problems is to provide a plurality of rolling-free balls 3 on an upper surface of a plate 2.
Is composed of a bearing unit 1 on which is laid, and a plate 2 of an upper bearing unit 1 on a ball 3 of a lower bearing unit 1.
Are supported and stacked in multiple stages, and the upper stage supports
On the lower surface of plate 2 of unit 1, the lower support unit
A regulating body 7 surrounding the first ball 3 is fixed, and
The plate 2 of the bearing unit 1 is locked to the regulating body 7
To stop the relative movement of the plate 2 by a predetermined amount.
Par 6 is provided, and the stopper 6 and the regulating body
7 is provided with restoring means for returning the plate 2 relatively moved in the horizontal direction to the original position.

[0007] Further , the means according to claim 2 is the plate 2
Bearings with a plurality of rolling balls 3 laid on the upper surface of
Consists of a knit 1 and the ball 3 of the lower bearing unit 1
The plate 2 of the upper bearing unit 1 is supported on
Stacked, and play of the lower bearing unit 1
A regulating body 7 surrounding the ball 3 is fixed to the
The regulating body 7 is provided on the plate 2 of the upper bearing unit 1.
Can stop the relative movement of the plate 2 by a predetermined amount
A stopper 6 is provided, and the stopper 6
The plate 2 that has moved relatively in the horizontal direction is between the regulator 7
Restoration means for returning the robot to its original position
It is in.

[0008] The shock absorber having the above structure is provided with a lower bearing.
On the ball 3 of the plate 2 of the unit 1, the upper bearing unit
Since the plate 2 of the target 1 is supported, the installation surface such as the ground
The lower plate 2 fixed to the
When it moves, the ball 3 rolls and the lower plate 2 and the upper plate
Plate 2 moves relatively to absorb horizontal vibration
can do. In addition, since the bearing units 1 are stacked in multiple stages, each stage of the bearing units 1 absorbs the displacement of the installation surface due to vibration such as an earthquake, so that the total movement amount of the plate 2 of each stage is Since this corresponds to the maximum run length assumed to be caused by the vibration, there is no need to provide a portion in the device where the bearing body moves due to the amplitude of the vibration (twice the maximum run length) as in the conventional case. Thus, the overall width of the apparatus can be reduced.

Further, a stopper 6 is provided on the plate 2.
Each stage that moves relative to each other due to
G2 does not move away too far.

Further, since the restoring means is provided between the regulating member 7 and the stopper 6 can not only reduce the size of the entire device, restoring means never to such dust from being exposed to the outside of the device may accumulate .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the restoring means comprises a first leaf spring 12.
That is, the first gap X between the stopper 6 and the regulating body 7 is maintained. If the restoring means is constituted by the first leaf spring 12, the bearing unit 1 of each stage is
Can be moved approximately the same length, that is, since the bearing units 1 of each stage can be moved to the maximum respectively, the number of stages in which the bearing units 1 are stacked can be reduced, and the height of the device can be reduced. Can be lower.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the shock absorber according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG.
4, 1 is a plate 2 having a substantially circular shape in a top view,
FIG. 2 shows a bearing unit comprising a plurality of rollable balls 3 laid in a substantially central portion of the plate 2, and a restoring means for returning the rolled balls 3 to an original position inside the bearing unit 1. Is provided. Such a bearing unit 1
Are stacked in multiple stages (10 stages are shown in the figure) to form a shock absorber.

More specifically, the lowermost plate 2a and the uppermost plate 2b are formed to be larger in diameter than the middle plates 2c, and are located near the peripheral ends of the lowermost plates 2a and 2b. There are four holes 4 at equal intervals. The lowermost plate 2a is fixed to an installation surface such as the ground via the hole 4, and the uppermost plate 2b is fixed to an installation such as a structure, whereby the shock absorber is attached.

Further, the upper surface 5a of the lowermost plate 2a
At the position inside the hole 4, a stopper 6 having a substantially circular ring shape in a top view, whose height is slightly shorter than the diameter of the ball 3, is fixed. The same stoppers 6 as the stoppers 6 of the lowermost plate 2a are fixed respectively. The stoppers 6 of each stage are substantially aligned at the center, that is, vertically aligned, and the set of stoppers 6 of each stage has a cylindrical shape.

7 is the lower surface of the upper plate 2c to be stacked
8c, each of which has a substantially circular ring-shaped restrictor whose top is slightly shorter than the diameter of the ball 3 when viewed from the top, and the restrictors 7 of each step are aligned vertically with their centers substantially coinciding. Become. The diameter of the restricting body 7 is formed shorter than the diameter of the stopper 6, so that the restricting body 7 is
6, a predetermined first gap X is formed between the inner wall surface 9 of the stopper 6 and the outer wall surface 10 of the regulating body 7.

Numeral 12 denotes restoring means provided in the first gap X of each stage, and holds the first gap X by urging the regulating body 7 from its periphery toward the center. Such a restoring means is formed of the same four first leaf springs 12 formed in a belt shape and given a pretension. Inner wall of stopper 6
9 and the center surface portion 14 of the first leaf spring 12 is
The pressure regulating member 7 is pressed against the outer wall surface 10 of the first plate spring 7 and is urged by the central surface portion 14 of the first leaf spring 12 as shown in FIG.

Reference numeral 15 denotes a ball-collecting frame having a circular ring shape in a plan view, in which a plurality of balls 3 that can roll inside are accommodated in one layer with almost no gap, and the height is slightly shorter than the diameter of the balls 3. The ball collecting frame 15 is fitted in a free state that is not fixed to any member.

The diameter of the ball collecting frame 15 is
Therefore, the ball collecting frame 15 is surrounded by the regulating body 7, and a predetermined second gap Y is provided between the inner wall surface 16 of the regulating body 7 and the outer wall surface 17 of the ball collecting frame 15. Become. Also,
Each stage plate 2 has a plurality of balls 3 interposed in each stage.
When the lower plate 2 moves in the horizontal direction, the balls 3 roll quickly between the plates 2, and the upper plate 2 and the lower plate 2 move relative to each other and are displaced.

Reference numeral 19 denotes an urging means provided in the second gap Y of each step, and the second gap Y is held by urging the ball collecting frame 15 from its periphery toward the center. Such a biasing means is formed of the same four second leaf springs 19 formed in a belt shape and pretensioned, and the belt-like second leaf springs 19 are turned upright and their end portions 20 are formed. Is brought into contact with the inner wall surface 16 of the regulating body 7 and the central surface portion 22 of the second leaf spring 19 is pressed against the outer wall surface 23 of the ball collecting frame 15, as shown in FIG. Being energized.

The first leaf spring 12 is provided on an upper plate that is displaced in the horizontal direction due to the vibration of the installation surface such as the ground.
2 can be returned to its original position, i.e., while supporting an object such as a structure, the ball 3 is rolled by urging the regulating body 7 of the displaced upper plate 2 inward. A tension corresponding to a restoring force capable of returning the upper plate 2 to its original position by moving the plate spring 2 is applied.Therefore, the tension of the first leaf spring 12 depends on the weight of the supporting object and the plate 2. It is set by the frictional resistance of the ball 3.

On the other hand, the second leaf spring 19 is given such a tension that it can be gathered at a substantially central portion of the regulating body 7 so that the ball 3 is not scattered. Very weak tension.

Further, the first gap X and the second gap Y are
The width of the second gap Y is set to be shorter than the width of the first gap X, or substantially the same. The width of the second gap Y is
Shorter is advantageous because the width of the whole device becomes shorter, but when the plate 2 moves relatively in the horizontal direction due to vibration,
The width is required to be such that the balls 3 can be smoothly rolled and the plates 2 of each step can be moved relative to each other at the maximum, and are set in relation to the width of the first gap X and the like.

Next, a method of assembling the shock absorber according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the stopper 6 of the lowermost plate 2a having the stopper 5 fixed to the upper surface 5a
Four first leaf springs 12 serving as restoring means are attached to the inner wall surface 9 of the device, and the restricting body 7 is fitted into the first leaf spring 12. The restricting body 7 surrounded by the stopper 6 is urged by the first leaf spring 12 to be located substantially at the center of the stopper 6.

Next, four second leaf springs 19 as urging means are attached to the inner wall surface 16 of the regulating body 7, and the ball collecting frame 15 is fitted into the second leaf spring 19. The ball collecting frame 15 surrounded by the regulating body 7 is urged by the second leaf spring 19 to be located at a substantially central portion of the regulating body 7. Next, the balls 3 are put into the ball collecting frame 15, and the plurality of balls 3 are laid on the plate 2a.

The upper intermediate plate 2c, which is supported by the balls 3, has a lower step 18 on the lower surface of the lower plate 18 into which the regulating body 7 can be fitted, and a stopper on the upper surface, as shown in the figure.
6 is divided into a circular ring-shaped ring plate 2 ′ having an upper step portion 28 into which the lower plate 6 can be fitted, and a disk-shaped closing plate 2 ″ fitted into the central opening of the ring plate 2 ′. .The ring plate
The lower step 18 of 2 ′ is fitted to the upper peripheral end of the regulating body 7 and the closing plate 2 ″ is fitted to the central opening of the ring plate 2 ′ to form a middle plate 2c. Fix the regulator 7 to 2c.

Further, the stopper 6 is fitted into and fixed to the upper step portion 28 of the middle plate 2c. Thereafter, the other middle plates 2c are sequentially assembled in the same manner, and the bearing units 1 are stacked in multiple stages. By mounting the uppermost plate 2b, the shock absorber is assembled. As shown in FIG. 2, if the bolts 25 are screwed into the holes 4 of the lowermost plates 2a and 2b, the assembled plates 2 of each stage will not be displaced, which is convenient for storage and transportation. is there.

Generally, the ball 3 is easy to roll, and therefore scatters when laid on the plate 2.
In the shock absorber according to the present invention, since the ball collecting frame 15 is provided, the balls 3 are not scattered at the time of assembly, and even when the ball collecting frames 15 are offset when stacking the plates 2 of each stage, Since the second gap Y between the regulating body 7 and the regulating body 7 is maintained by being evenly biased by the biasing means, the ball collecting frame 15 is automatically positioned substantially at the center of the regulating body 7 and is assembled or assembled. Even if the position of the ball 3 is not adjusted later, the centers of the ball collecting frames 15 of the respective steps substantially coincide. Therefore, each corrugated ball 3
Can support the load of the installed object.

As described above, the shock absorber according to the present invention has an advantage that any members can be easily assembled without requiring any special technique since the respective members may be assembled sequentially.

Next, a description will be given of an example of use of the shock absorber having the above-described configuration (an example in which the shock absorber is used with a seismic isolation device of a house), and also a method of absorbing vibration according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the lowermost plate 2a of the shock absorber is fixed to an installation surface 26 made of a concrete foundation cast on the ground, and a beam 27 is fixed to the uppermost plate 2b. Building). Since the load and the like differ depending on the installed objects such as houses to be supported, the number and locations of the shock absorbers and the size of the shock absorbers are arbitrarily designed according to the load.

If the installation surface 26 is displaced in the horizontal direction (in the direction indicated by the arrow A in FIG. 6) due to a vibration such as an earthquake after the installation of the shock absorber, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. The lowermost plate 2a fixed to the first plate spring 12 moves against the tension of the first leaf spring 12, so that the contacting ball 3 rolls. Since the first leaf springs 12 are provided at each stage, the plates 2 at each stage are chained with the first leaf springs 12 respectively.
Relative to each other, and absorbs the amount of movement of the installation surface 26 by the relative movement of the plates 2 of each stage substantially equally.

As a specific example, for example, if the installation surface 26 is 10
When the plate 2 is displaced in the direction indicated by the arrow c, the plates 2 at the respective stages move respectively, so that 10 cm / 10 steps = 1 cm / step,
The plate 2 is moved by 1 cm per step and the plate 2 is divided into steps, and the displacement of the mounting surface 26 is absorbed by the entire support unit 1 of each step.

When the support unit 1 of each stage moves by a predetermined amount (the length of the first gap X), (first gap X) × (number of stages of the support unit 1) = maximum swing width Z, and surface
The installation 27 will be protected from the 26 quakes.

As described above, in the shock absorber according to the present invention, the rolling of the interposed ball 3 causes the plate 2 of the bearing unit 1 of each stage to move relative to each other by the length of the first gap X. The maximum run-out length of the vibration by adding the moving length of plate 2
Because it can absorb Z, like a conventional device,
There is no need to secure a portion where the bearing body moves due to the amplitude of the vibration (twice the maximum run length), and the width of the device can be reduced.

Therefore, the size of the entire apparatus can be reduced, and the apparatus can be installed in a narrow space. In order to reduce the width of the entire apparatus, the width of the first gap X may be reduced and the number of stages of the support unit 1 may be increased.

After the installation surface 26 is displaced due to an earthquake or the like, the plate of each stage divided stepwise by the restoration means is provided.
2 gradually returns to its original position. When the stepped plate 2 is to be returned, according to the shock absorber of the present invention, the first leaf springs 12 serving as restoring means provided at each stage move the bearing unit 1 by the length of the first gap X. If it is pushed back, it restores to the original shock absorber, so the length of one restoring means to push back is short, and therefore, compared to the conventional device, the maximum run length Z is restored by the coil spring, There is an advantage that it is easy to return.

Further, since the restoring means is provided between the stopper 6 and the regulating body 7, the restoring means is provided in comparison with a structure in which a coil spring is provided outside the supporting body as in the conventional apparatus. Advantageously, the size of the entire apparatus can be reduced, and dust and the like do not adhere to the restoration means.

Further, the rolling ball 3 is a ball collecting frame.
15, the ball 3 does not come into contact with the restricting body 7 when each plate 2 moves relative to each other.Therefore, when the ball 3 rolls, extremely weak tension is applied. The applied force of the second leaf spring 19 and the ball
The ball 3 rolls smoothly with the movement of the plate 2, since only a force greater than the frictional resistance between the plate 3 and the plate 2 needs to be applied. In addition, the lighter the ball collecting frame 15, the smaller the force for rolling the ball 3 is.

Further, since the ball 3 is housed in the bearing unit 1, dust and the like do not enter the ball 3.
The ball 3 smoothly rolls in contact with the plate 2 even after decades without damage to the plate 3 or the plate 2 surface.

In the above embodiment, the restricting body 7 is fixed to the lower surface of the plate 2 of the upper support unit 1 and the stopper is attached to the plate 2 of the lower support unit 1.
6 is fixed, but on the contrary, the upper bearing unit 1
A stopper that can be locked to the regulating body 7 on the lower surface of the plate 2
6 is fixed, and the regulating body 7 surrounding the ball 3 is fixed to the upper surface of the plate 2 of the support unit 1 at the lower stage.

Further, in the above embodiment, the restoring means has the above-mentioned effect by being constituted by the first leaf spring 12 provided in the first gap X. Not limited to the first leaf spring 12 provided in,
For example, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of coil springs stretched between an uppermost plate 2b and a lowermost plate 2a.
The plate 2 of each stage relatively moved by 29 may be returned to the original position. Alternatively, the first leaf spring 12 may be provided in the first gap X, and the above-mentioned plurality of coil springs 29 may be stretched between the uppermost lower plates 2a and 2b, and both may constitute the restoring means.

Further, in the above embodiment, the restoring means is constituted by the first leaf spring 12 provided in the first gap X, but the restoring means is not necessarily limited to the leaf spring, and one end is provided with a stopper. A plurality of coil springs fixed to the inner wall surface 9 and the other end fixed to the outer wall surface 10 of the regulating body 7 are provided at predetermined intervals in the first gap X, and the regulating body 7 is stopped by each coil spring. The restoring means may be constituted by pulling to the 6 side.

However, the stop of each plate 2 moving during the vibration is caused by the stopper 6 being locked to the regulating body 7 with the restoring means interposed therebetween, whereby the movement of the plate 2 is stopped. If the urging means provided in the gap X is such that the strip-shaped first leaf spring 12 is provided vertically as in the above embodiment, the distance between the stopper 6 and the regulating body 7 at the time of locking is the first. Since the thickness is equal to the thickness of the leaf spring 12, the moving distance of the plate 2 in each step becomes substantially equal to the length of the first gap X, and there is an advantage that the plate 2 in each step can be moved to the maximum. Such an advantage leads to the fact that the number of stages of the bearing unit 1 can be reduced when designing the shock absorber assuming the same maximum swing width Z.

Further, in the above embodiment, each plate 2 is formed in a substantially circular shape in a top view.
The shape may be substantially rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, or the like when viewed from above. Further, in the above embodiment, the restricting body 7, the stopper 6, and the ball collecting frame 15 are formed in a substantially circular ring shape in a top view, but these are not necessarily limited to a circular ring shape. It may have a rectangular ring shape or the like. However, if it is circular, there is an advantage that a force acts uniformly in all directions.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the bearing units 1 are stacked in ten stages has been exemplified, but of course, for example, the bearing units 1 may be stacked in two stages, and
Stacking may be used. Further, the number of the balls 3 is also arbitrarily set according to the load of the installation object or the like, and is not limited to the above embodiment. Although the shock absorbing device and the vibration absorbing method according to the present invention absorb horizontal vibrations, known means for absorbing vertical vibrations may be used as necessary.

[0045]

As described above, the shock absorber according to the present invention comprises a bearing unit in which a plurality of rollable balls are laid on the upper surface of a plate, and the lower bearing unit has balls on the upper bearing unit. Since the plates of the unit are supported and stacked in multiple stages, when absorbing the same vibration amplitude as the conventional shock absorber, the overall width can be reduced as compared with the conventional shock absorber.

Accordingly, the entire apparatus can be reduced in size, and the shock absorber can be effectively installed even in a narrow space. In addition, since a restoring means is provided for returning the plate relatively moved in the horizontal direction to the original position, the plate of each stage which has moved and divided into steps is returned to the original position.

[0047] Further, virtual not constant and plates also each stage occurs vibration such as an earthquake than was the separated, therefore, after installation of the shock absorber, the device nor broken. Also,
If the restoring means is provided between the stopper and the regulating body, not only can the entire apparatus be reduced in size, but also the dust and the like do not accumulate because the restoring means is not exposed outside the apparatus.
Therefore, it is a durable restoration means.

In addition, according to the third aspect of the present invention , since the support units of each stage can be moved to the maximum extent, the number of stages in which the support units are stacked can be reduced. Height can also be reduced. Therefore, there is an advantage that the entire device can be further downsized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a shock absorber according to the present invention and including a partially cutaway cross section showing a state where the shock absorber is installed.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the shock absorber of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an end view taken along line AA of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing one embodiment when assembling the shock absorber according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially omitted end view showing a use state of the shock absorber according to the present invention and showing a state where the installation surface is vibrated.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a side view showing another embodiment of the shock absorber according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a conventional shock absorber and including a partially cut-away section showing a state where the shock absorber is installed.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Bearing unit, 2 ... Plate , 3 ... Ball, 6 ... Stopper, 7 ... Regulator, 12 ... First leaf spring, 15 ... Ball assembly frame , X ... First gap, Y ... Second gap

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A47B 97/00 E04F 15/18 601 E04H 9/02 331 F16F 15/04

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A support unit (1) having a plurality of rollable balls (3) laid on an upper surface of a plate (2),
The plate (2) of the upper support unit (1) is supported by the balls (3) of the lower support unit (1) and stacked in multiple stages .
And the lower surface of the plate (2) of the upper bearing unit (1)
The ball surrounding the ball (3) of the lower bearing unit (1)
The body (7) is fixed and the lower support unit (1)
At the rate (2), the plate (2) is locked by the regulating body (7).
A stopper (6) that can stop relative movement by a predetermined amount is provided.
And between the stopper (6) and the regulating body (7).
Is provided with a restoring means for returning the plate (2) relatively moved in the horizontal direction to the original position. 2. A plurality of rollable rolls on an upper surface of a plate (2).
It consists of a bearing unit (1) on which a ball (3) is laid,
The ball (3) of the lower bearing unit (1) is
The plate (2) of (1) is supported and stacked in multiple stages.
In addition, the plate (2) of the lower bearing unit (1)
A regulating body (7) surrounding the ball (3) is fixed, and
The plate (2) of the bearing unit (1) of the
Stops so that the relative movement of the plate (2) can be stopped by a predetermined amount.
A topper (6) is provided and the stopper (6)
The horizontal movement of the press between the
Restoring means is provided to return the port (2) to its original position.
A shock absorber characterized by becoming. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the restoring means is provided by a first leaf spring.
And a stopper (6) by the first leaf spring (12).
2. The first gap (X) between the control body and the regulating body (7) is maintained.
Or the shock absorber according to 2. 4. The ball collecting frame as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of balls (3) are
(15) and the ball collecting frame (15) is
The regulating body (7) is surrounded, and the ball collecting frame (15) is
An urging means is provided between the body (7) and the ball collecting frame (1).
A contract that maintains the second gap (Y) between 5) and the regulator (7)
The shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 3.