JP2882072B2 - Three-dimensional fabric - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional fabric, and more particularly to a three-dimensional fabric suitable as a skeleton of a composite material having a plurality of surfaces.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An orthogonal three-axis three-dimensional woven fabric composed of three-component yarns in the X, Y, and Z directions or a five-axis woven fabric including yarns of components arranged obliquely to the longitudinal direction in addition to the three orthogonal axes. A composite material using a three-dimensional fabric as a skeleton material and a resin or an inorganic material as a matrix is expected to be widely used as a structural material for rockets, aircraft, automobiles, ships, and buildings. In order to make the three-dimensional woven fabric usable as a skeleton material of the composite material for a wide range of uses, the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric must be a shape other than a square, for example, an L-shaped, U-shaped, etc. Fabric is required.

Conventionally, as this type of three-dimensional fabric having a modified cross section, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-292162 discloses at least two plates integrally joined in a crossed state by a fiber thread, and comprises at least one sheet. Except for the plate, the other plates are constituted by longitudinal, transverse and vertical triaxial fiber yarns, and the at least one plate comprises a longitudinal, lateral and vertical yarn, and a longitudinal direction. In addition, there has been proposed a configuration in which the fiber yarns are skewed obliquely with respect to the arrangement direction of the fiber yarns in the horizontal direction and are two-directionally intersecting with each other in a five-axis orientation type. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, a three-dimensional woven fabric having an H-shaped cross section has a first plate 31 serving as a reference and four second plates 3 integrally formed in a state orthogonal to the plate 31.
The first and second plates 31 and 32 are connected by threads arranged in the thickness direction of the first plate 31.

When manufacturing this three-dimensional fabric, the first yarn guide tube G1 and the second yarn guide tube G2 are erected according to a predetermined arrangement pattern. A layer in which the yarns are arranged in the X-axis and Y-axis directions is laminated and formed on a portion located below the first plate 31 in the arrangement area of the guide tube G1. Next, the yarns forming the first plate 31 are arranged on the X-axis and Y-axis in the area where the yarn guide tubes G1 and G2 are provided.
Layers arranged obliquely with respect to the axis and both directions are laminated and then the X-axis and the Y-axis are provided at the portion of the area where the first yarn guide tube G1 is located above the first plate 31. A layer in which the yarns are arranged in the axial direction is laminated and formed. Then, the yarn is inserted in a loop from one end of each of the yarn guide tubes G1 and G2, and is replaced with the yarn guide tubes G1 and G2. The laminated portions are connected by a thread extending in the Z direction to finally produce a three-dimensional fabric.

[0005]

However, the three-dimensional woven fabric disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-292162 is a yarn which is arranged so as to be continuous on two surfaces across a joint between two surfaces orthogonal to each other. Does not exist. For example, in the three-dimensional woven fabric having the shape shown in FIG. 12, there is no thread arranged in a state continuous with the XY plane and the YZ plane. When the yarn constituting the XY plane of the first plate 31 acts on the second plate 32 in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 12, the yarn has an action against the bending stress acting on the second plate 32. There is almost no action against the force acting to separate the second plate 32 from the joint with the first plate 31. Therefore, there is a problem that the strength of the composite material becomes insufficient.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has as its object a plurality of plate-like portions, such as girder members having irregular cross-sections such as L-shape and U-shape. Provided is a three-dimensional woven fabric which can be used as a skeleton material of a three-dimensional woven fabric composite material, which can increase the strength of a connection part where stress concentration is likely to occur and improve the robustness (durability) against tensile load and compressive load. Is to do.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a three-dimensional woven fabric of the present invention has a plurality of plate-like portions formed in a continuous shape in a bent state at a connection portion, and each plate-like portion has a thickness. It is composed of at least three axes including a component in the vertical direction, extends in a direction intersecting with the connecting portion of the adjacent plate-shaped portion, and is stacked and arranged along a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of each plate-shaped portion,
In addition, it has at least two component yarns continuous over both plate-like portions as its constituent elements.

[0008]

In the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention, a plurality of plate portions are formed in a continuous shape in a continuous portion in a bent state, and extend in a direction intersecting the connecting portions of adjacent plate portions, and the thickness of each plate portion is increased. It has at least two component yarns that are stacked and arranged along a plane perpendicular to the length direction and that straddle both plate-shaped portions as its constituent elements. Therefore, when a load is applied to a plate-shaped portion of a composite material using the three-dimensional woven fabric as a skeleton material, the presence of the yarns arranged over the plate-shaped portion and the other plate-shaped portions causes the two-sided portion to have a yarn. The yarn effectively contributes to the stress acting on the joint of the plate-shaped portions, and the strength is improved.

[0009]

(Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, the three-dimensional woven fabric F is formed in a substantially L-shaped cross section in which the two plate-like portions 1a and 1b are connected in a bent state by the connecting portion 2 so that they are at right angles. The two plate-like portions 1a, 1b are each composed of a first in-plane arrangement yarn x arranged in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction thereof along the connecting portion 2 of the both plate-like portions 1a, 1b. And a first in-plane arrangement yarn x in a plane parallel to the x yarn layer
A yarn layer composed of a second in-plane arrangement yarn y arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction, and two-side arrangement yarns x and y in a plane parallel to the x yarn layer.
And a bias yarn layer composed of bias yarns B arranged to be inclined at a predetermined angle (45 ° in this embodiment) with respect to each other, and each layer is arranged in a thickness direction of the fabric so as to be orthogonal to each yarn layer. And a thickness direction thread z that connects
In other words, this three-dimensional fabric F has an in-plane
An axially oriented woven fabric is a pentaaxially oriented three-dimensional woven fabric joined by a thickness direction thread z. As shown in FIG. 1, the x-yarn layer, the y-yarn layer, and the bias yarn layer of the plate-like portions 1a and 1b are integrally formed by arranging one yarn for each layer in a folded shape. I have. Also, the second in-plane arrangement yarn y
The bias yarn B is arranged so as to be continuous across the two plate-shaped portions 1a and 1b in a state of intersecting with the connection portion 2.

When a load in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2 is applied to a composite material formed by impregnating a resin into the three-dimensional fabric F configured as described above, a large stress is applied to the joint 2 of the three-dimensional fabric F. Works. Ru extending in a direction in which the second plane array yarn y and bias yarns B intersects the connecting portion 2 of both the plate portion 1a, 1b
When both the two plate-shaped portion 1a, since it is arranged straddling 1b, those yarns (fibers) composites to effectively contribute to share force to withstand the stresses acting on the joints The strength of is improved. In addition, since the three-dimensional fabric of this embodiment has a five-axis orientation on all surfaces, the amount of deformation with respect to the oblique force is smaller than that of the composite material in which the three-dimensional fabric of the orthogonal three-axis arrangement is used as the skeleton material. And exhibits high strength not only against tensile loads and compressive loads but also against torsional loads.

Next, an example of a method for producing the three-dimensional fabric F will be described. In the case of manufacturing the three-dimensional fabric F, as shown in FIG. 3, an L-shape corresponding to the outer diameter shape of the three-dimensional fabric is formed, and a number of pipes 3 for regulating the arrangement of the yarns are perpendicular to the surface at predetermined positions. Is used. FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), each pipe 3 is detachably mounted in a hole 4a formed in the substrate 4. At the base end of the pipe 3, a pair of notch grooves 3a having a width through which the thickness direction thread z can pass are formed.

Before mounting the pipe 3 on the substrate 4, each hole 4a
The u-shaped pins 5 are inserted through the support pins 6, and the support plate 6 is disposed between the u-shaped pins 5. Next, the thickness direction threads z are arranged in a state of being passed through the u-shaped pins 5. Thickness direction thread z is 1 of u-shaped pin 5
One line is arranged for each column. Next, the u-shaped pin 5 is inserted into the pipe 3 and the thickness direction thread z is cut out by the notch 3a.
The pipe 3 is inserted into each of the holes 4a while being inserted through the inside. As a result, the thickness direction threads z are arranged in a meandering state as shown in FIG. 4A, and the required length of the thickness direction threads z is ensured by selecting the thickness of the support plate 6. In this state, the yarns x and y arranged on both sides and the bias yarn B are arranged in the gap between the pipes 3 on the substrate 4 so as to be folded back in a state of engaging with the pipes 3 arranged at the end of the substrate 4, and the x yarn layer , Y yarn layer and bias yarn layer are sequentially laminated. The first in-plane arrangement yarn x is folded back in a state extending in a direction perpendicular to the bent portion of the substrate 4 so that the first in-plane arrangement yarn x is folded in a state extending in parallel with the bent portion of the substrate 4. Are arranged. Further, the bias yarn B is 45 ° with the yarns x and y arranged on both sides.
The bias yarn layers are arranged in a folded shape so as to form an angle, and the bias yarn layers arranged so that their crossing directions are opposite to each other form a pair. After the required number of the respective layers are laminated according to the required strength, the pipes 3 are replaced with the thickness direction threads z and the respective layers are connected.

When replacing the pipe 3 with the thickness direction thread z, the pipe 3 located at the end of the substrate 4 is removed from the hole 4a and the laminated thread group 7, and then the u-shaped pin 5 is removed from the hole 4a and the laminated thread group 7.
Then, as shown in FIG. 4B, a part of the thickness direction thread z engaged with the u-shaped pin 5 is pulled out in a loop above the laminated thread group 7. Next, the u-shaped pin 5 is removed and the loop portion of the thickness direction thread z is hung on the adjacent pipe 3 as shown in FIG. In this state, pipe 3
Then, as shown in FIG. 4D, a part of the thickness direction thread z is pulled out in a loop shape above the laminated thread group 7 together with the u-shaped pin 5. As a result, the thickness direction yarn z of the adjacent loop portion is prevented from coming off, and the loop portion is pulled to tighten the laminated yarn group 7 in the thickness direction. Hereinafter, similarly, the pipe 3 is sequentially replaced with the thickness direction thread z, and FIG.
As shown in the figure, the yarn layers constituting the laminated yarn group 7 are connected by the thickness direction yarn z.

The thickness direction yarn z replaced with the pipe 3
5 (a), (b)
The ear thread P may be inserted through the loop as shown in FIG. (Embodiment 2) Next, another embodiment of the method for producing a three-dimensional fabric will be described. The method of this embodiment is different from the above embodiment in the method of inserting the thickness direction thread z. In this embodiment, the u-shaped pins 5 are not used, and each pipe 3 is mounted on the substrate 4 in a state where the thickness direction threads z are not arranged. Then, in a state where the support plate 6 is disposed between the pipes 3, the yarns x and y arranged in both surfaces and the bias yarn B are engaged with the pipes 3 disposed at the end of the substrate 4 in the same manner as in the above embodiment. The x-yarn layer, the y-yarn layer, and the bias yarn layer are sequentially laminated so as to be folded in a state where they are combined. After the required number of the respective layers are laminated according to the required strength, the laminated yarn group 7 is removed from the substrate 4 together with the pipe 3. At this time, since the support plate 6 exists between the substrate 4 and the laminated yarn group 7, the pipe 3 from the substrate 4
Also, the removal of the laminated yarn group 7 becomes easy.

Next, the needle 8 with the thickness direction thread z inserted through the needle hole
To replace the pipe 3 with the thickness direction yarn z. The thickness of the needle 8 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the pipe 3. As shown in FIG. 6A, by pushing the needle 8 into the laminated yarn group 7 with the tip of the needle 8 inserted into the pipe 3,
The pipe 3 is pushed out of the laminated yarn group 7 and the needle 8 is inserted into the space through which the pipe 3 has passed, and the pipe 3 is replaced with the thickness direction yarn z. Next, the tip of the needle 8 is inserted into the adjacent pipe 3 from the side opposite to the direction in which the previous pipe 3 was pushed out, and the same operation is performed, whereby the pipe 3 and the thickness direction thread z are replaced. Hereinafter, similarly, the pipe 3 is sequentially replaced with the thickness direction yarn z, and the respective yarn layers constituting the laminated yarn group 7 are connected by the thickness direction yarn z as shown in FIG. 6C. In the method of this embodiment, the u-shaped pin 5 and the thickness direction thread z do not need to be set together when the pipe 3 is mounted on the substrate 4, so that the preparation is simplified and the u-shaped pin 5 is not required. And the number of parts is reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the above two embodiments. For example, instead of the method of replacing the pipe 3 and the thickness direction thread z in the second embodiment, two needles 8 are used. As shown in FIG. 7, two pipes 3 are removed from the same space.
The thickness direction thread z of the book may be inserted. In this case, the tightening of the laminated yarn group 7 by the thickness direction yarn z can be strengthened as compared with the above two embodiments. As shown in FIG. 8, a thickness direction thread z is inserted in a loop from one of the laminated thread groups 7 into the gap from which the pipe 3 has been removed using a needle 8 having a needle hole at the tip, and a hook 9 The loop portion connected to the needle 8 is sequentially inserted into the loop portion of the thickness direction yarn z inserted last time so as to prevent the loop portion from coming off, or as shown in FIG. The pipe 3 is pushed out from one side and the thickness direction thread z disposed on the opposite side is hooked, and when the hook 9 is pulled back, the thickness direction thread z is inserted in a loop shape into the gap from which the pipe 3 has been removed, and is inserted last time. Alternatively, the thickness direction yarn z may be sequentially inserted into the loop portion to prevent the loop portion from coming off. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the thickness direction yarn z is inserted into one of the laminated yarn groups 7 into the gap from which the pipe 3 has been removed by using a needle 8 having a needle hole at the tip, and the loop portion is inserted into the loop portion. The ear thread P may be inserted to prevent it from falling off. In the second embodiment and each of the modifications, a pin may be used instead of the pipe 3. Further, the inclination angle of the bias yarn B is set to 45 °.
Or the plate-like portions 1a and 1b of the three-dimensional fabric F
Instead of the axial orientation, the bias yarns B may be eliminated to achieve a triaxial orientation, or each of the bias yarns B forming a pair of bias yarn layers may have a tilt angle of 60 ° with respect to the second in-plane arrangement yarn y. And the first in-plane arrangement yarn x may be eliminated to achieve a four-axis orientation. Further, the in-plane arrangement yarns x and y and the bias yarn B constituting each yarn layer may be constituted by a plurality of yarns instead of being constituted by one continuous yarn. Further, the shape of the three-dimensional woven fabric F is not limited to the L shape, and may be, for example, a U shape as shown in FIG. 11A, a U shape as shown in FIG. 11B, or a bottomed shape as shown in FIG. Box shape or Fig. 11 (c)
In addition, the present invention can be applied to, for example, a box shape with a part of a bottomed box shown in FIG. As in the case of the L-shaped three-dimensional fabric, such a three-dimensional fabric F can be manufactured by using a substrate having a corresponding shape and a number of pins or pipes mounted on the substrate.

[0017]

As described in detail above, the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention has a three-dimensional shape in which a plurality of plate-like portions are joined, such as a girder member having an irregular cross section such as an L-shape or a U-shape. When used as a skeletal material of a woven composite material, unlike a conventional three-dimensional woven fabric, a joint is formed by straddling a plurality of plate-like portions at a joint (bent portion) of a plate-like portion where stress concentration is likely to occur. Since there are at least two component yarns arranged to intersect with each other, the yarns effectively contribute to share the force in the direction of withstanding the stress acting on the joint, and the strength of the composite material is improved. I do.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an arrangement state of an in-plane arrangement yarn and a bias yarn.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional fabric.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a substrate used for manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a procedure for inserting a thickness direction thread z.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a modified example of a method for preventing the thickness direction yarn z from coming off.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a procedure for inserting a thickness direction thread z in a second embodiment showing a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a procedure for inserting a thickness direction thread z according to a modified example.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a procedure for inserting a thickness direction thread z according to another modification.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a procedure for inserting a thickness direction thread z according to another modification.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a procedure for inserting a thickness direction thread z according to another modification.

FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view showing three-dimensional fabrics having different shapes.

FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view showing an arrangement position of a conventional three-dimensional fabric and a yarn guide tube.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a, 1b: plate-like portion, 2: connecting portion, 3: pipe, 4: substrate, x: first in-plane arrangement yarn, y: second in-plane arrangement yarn, z
... thickness direction thread, B ... bias thread, P ... ear thread, F ... three-dimensional fabric.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-191742 (JP, A) JP-A-3-8833 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) D03D 25/00 D03D 41/00 D03D 1/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A plurality of plate-shaped portions are formed in a continuous shape in a bent state at a connection portion, and each plate-shaped portion is constituted by at least three axes including a component in a thickness direction thereof. At least two component yarns that extend in a direction intersecting with the connecting portion and are stacked and arranged along a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of each plate-like portion and that straddle both plate-like portions as its constituent elements Three-dimensional woven fabric.