JP2880043B2 - Oil leak / smoke detector - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire monitoring system for detecting the cause of a fire in an engine room of a ship at the stage of oil leakage or a small amount of smoke, and for detecting a fire at an early stage. The present invention relates to a smoke detection device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a fire monitoring device in an engine room of a ship, a heat-sensitive fire alarm which detects heat generated by the fire when a fire occurs, and an ion fire alarm which detects generated smoke by a potential difference have been used. Was used. However, since these fire alarms do not sense heat or smoke unless they are installed near a sensing object, they cannot detect a fire until a certain amount of flame or smoke is generated.
Furthermore, a phenomenon that is highly likely to cause a fire, such as an oil leak, could not be detected. Therefore, there is a problem that a fire cannot be detected as early as possible, as well as a fire cannot be prevented. When the fire alarm was issued, there were many cases in which the fire had already started in the engine room and could not be extinguished. In addition, ship
As a fire alarm, fire detectors that generally use smoke detectors
Incorporating solar cells into disaster detectors to enable wireless transmission
The proposed wireless fire alarm device has been proposed (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
No. 10194). However, such devices
The time it takes for smoke to reach the fire detector
The point that the fire cannot be detected early because of this is similar to the above.
is there.

On the other hand, recently, many ships have an unmanned engine room, and the monitoring of the engine room is inadequate, and it is difficult to detect oil leaks and smokes, as well as fires. In addition, low-grade heavy oil has been widely used as fuel not only for diesel engines for propulsion but also for diesel engines for power generators. It is much more likely to occur. Therefore, development of a device capable of preventing fire and detecting it early is desired. On land, shooting and recording of specific target parts
Practical use of devices that use technology for security such as crime prevention
Has been Then, for example, when detecting abnormalities in the plant,
An apparatus utilizing image technology has also been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-7 / 1990).
No. 8900). However, regarding the ship
Is an open sea voyage due to the calm conditions of navigating and berthing in the port.
Wide range of environments, even in extremely severe stormy conditions
And significantly different, and considerable
Vibration and sway are inevitable, and the degree
It is called fire prediction because it will be different under other operating conditions.
Has a crucial role in the safety of ships
A ship of video technology that handles subtle image changes such as oil and smoke
It is considered very difficult to apply to ships,
No such attempt has been made before.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and detects a disaster in the engine room of a ship at the stage of oil leakage or smoking to prevent the occurrence of fire and prevent the occurrence of fire. An object of the present invention is to provide an oil leak / smoke detection device capable of early detection.

[0005]

The present invention SUMMARY OF] In order to solve the above problems, a plurality of invention of claim 1, leakage oil, smoke detection apparatus, for transmitting a photographed image with shooting engine room of a ship and imaging means, et al provided corresponding to the photographing means
Re video comparing unit image compared with compared with other images taken subsequently and image photographed by the photographing means for generating a signal when it is detected that the different predetermined amount or more, is the video comparator video Multiple times in a row
And alarm means for generating an alarm when it detects the shooting hand
Characterized by having a display unit capable of displaying an image captured by the stage, the invention of claim 2, Special of the invention of claim 1
In addition to the above, the image is divided into a number of sections, a comparison is performed for each section, and a time interval for comparing the captured image with another image captured thereafter is 0.1 second to 0.1 second. in the range of 5 seconds, the predetermined amount and wherein a has a range of 0.1% to 0.3% relative to the total number of said section, the invention of claim 3, the features of the invention of claim 1 In addition
Te, wherein to a plurality of setting means for setting a detection frequency difference video when generating an alarm, a switching means for switching the setting means of said plurality, characterized in that it has a fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein In addition to the features of the invention of item 2, further comprising: a plurality of setting means for setting the number of times of detection of the difference in video when the alarm is generated; and a switching means for switching the plurality of setting means. The invention of claim 5 is
In addition to the features of the invention of claim 1, the display means includes
When the alarm means issued an alarm,
It is characterized in that it can be fixedly displayed on a video.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the photographing means
When the image is transmitted by photographing the engine room of the ship and comparing the photographed image with other images photographed thereafter by the image comparing means, and when it is detected that the compared image differs by a predetermined amount or more. Since a signal is generated, for example, when oil leaks such as fuel oil or fire or smoke that causes a fire occur, the captured image changes, and the state before and after the oil leak occurs Is detected and the signal is emitted. In this case, multiple
Since a stage is provided, the engine and its fuel oil system, etc.
In places where oil leaks or smokes directly as a fire source
Shooting becomes possible. Also, corresponding to this, video comparison means
Is provided, so any video is always judged and
Oil leaks and smoke at the location are ready to be found immediately
You. When the alarm means receives the signal, an alarm is issued, so that the cause of the fire such as oil leakage is predicted or the occurrence of the fire is notified. In this case, even when a fire actually occurs, the scene is captured in a video, so that the fire is found earlier than in the conventional case. That is, in the conventional fire alarm, the fire is not notified until the detection unit is covered with smoke or the flame or its radiant heat reaches the detection unit and the temperature rise is detected by the detection unit.

[0007] Further, since generating the alarm when it detects a plurality of times the difference image, erroneous detection due to the influence of unexpected noise can be prevented. For example, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a false alarm due to a sudden movement of the hull in a stormy weather.

[0008] In addition, images taken by the photographing means can be displayed.
When a fire occurs, the video is used to check the fire status and extinguish the fire.
In addition, the safety of the worker is ensured. Also, when an alarm occurs,
Check for oil or smoke and take care if misinformation occurs.
Fire extinguishing measures and crew confusion can be prevented. that's all
Therefore, according to the first aspect of the invention, a fire is reliably and early predicted.
To provide equipment that can withstand practical use in ships
Can be.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the comparison time interval between the images and the predetermined amount different from the images are specified as described above, the "photographing surface" caused by the vibration in the engine room or the hull vibration during steering or the like is determined. It is possible to detect only a relatively small amount of oil leakage or smoke without being affected by continuously generated noise such as "shift". In other words, in order to detect a small change in the image, it is preferable to increase the interval of the image comparison time and reduce the different predetermined amount, but in this case, the effect of the noise is increased. Therefore, in order to satisfy the two demands of improving the detection accuracy and eliminating noise, it is necessary to set the time interval and the predetermined amount to appropriate ranges. On the other hand, the situation of oil leakage and smoke emission and diffusion differs depending on the installation position of the imaging means and each accident, and noise generated due to vibration etc. in the engine room also affects the hull and engine room. It depends on various factors such as the size, the type of the engine, and the number of revolutions of the engine and the propeller. In consideration of such circumstances, the inventors have conducted various experiments and found that it is effective to limit the above-described numerical range in oil leak detection in a normal ship.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect , a plurality of setting means for setting the number of times of detecting a difference between images when an alarm is generated, and switching for switching the setting means With means, simple operation,
The effect of noise can be more completely prevented. That is, since the degree of noise varies depending on the operating conditions of the ship, weather and sea conditions during operation, etc., a plurality of types of detection times are provided in this way, and the setting and switching can be performed. With a simple operation of switching, false alarms can be completely avoided under various conditions, and when smoke or oil leaks actually occur, this can be alerted earlier. The invention of claim 4 is the same as the invention of claim 2
Since it has both configurations of the invention of claim 3, both inventions
Combines the functions of As a result, various ship operating conditions
Oil and smoke detectors
You. According to the invention of claim 5, when the alarm means issues an alarm
Can be fixedly displayed on the video that was the subject of the alarm
The display means is configured in such a way that
You can check immediately. As a result,
It can judge evacuation.

[0011]

[Embodiment] FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a fire monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment. This device is composed of a surveillance camera part provided as a photographing means provided in an engine room of a ship, and a monitor part provided in a bridge. Surveillance camera 1
Has, for example, a high-resolution and high-sensitivity CC having approximately 380,000 pixels and capable of shooting an object up to a standard illuminance of 3 lux.
In this embodiment, three D television cameras are provided, and are provided so as to monitor places where a fire is likely to occur, such as a diesel engine or a fuel oil system. However, in an actual ship, the number and location of the engine room are appropriately determined according to the size of the engine room and the type, number and arrangement of the internal devices. The surveillance camera 1 and the power supply unit 2 installed in the bridge are connected by a coaxial cable 3, between which the power supply and the video signal from the camera are multiplexed.

The power supply unit 2 and an image data comparator 4 as a video comparing means are provided on a monitor portion of the bridge.
, An automatic image changeover switch 5, an alarm circuit 6 and an alarm siren 7 as alarm means, a recording device 8, and a television monitor 9 as display means. The image data comparator 4 receives video signals transmitted from the surveillance camera 1 via the coaxial cable 3 and the power supply unit 2 at regular intervals, converts them into numerical image data, and sequentially compares the image data. go.

FIG. 2 shows an example of such an image data comparator 4. The signal output from the power supply unit 2 is only an analog signal, which is similarly input to the image data comparator 4 through the coaxial cable 3. The analog signal input to the image data comparator 4 is internally branched into two systems, and one system simply passes through the inside, and its output is connected to the automatic video changeover switch 5 and the television monitor 9 (FIG. 1). The other side is input to the A / D conversion circuit 4a, and is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal. Since the digital signal is plane image data captured by the monitoring camera 1, the digital signal is captured as image data obtained by dividing a plane into vertical and horizontal grids. That is, the total number of 128 dots in the horizontal direction and 121 dots in the vertical direction is 15488.
It becomes dot image data of dots.

Further, to this one dot data, lightness or darkness, which is a change in luminance, is added as 6-bit information. That is, the information of the degree of lightness and darkness is added in 6 bits = 2 ⁶ = 64 gradations. This digital video is input to the internal memory circuit 4b and stored as image comparison data. The video signal input at the next interval with respect to this comparison data is similarly A / D-converted, passed through the memory circuit 4b, and input to the data comparison operation circuit 4c.
Then, a comparison operation (subtraction) is performed with the previous image comparison data.

Next, the calculated data is judged by a judgment circuit 4d by a binarization process. The binarization processing is to convert the data into black or white data. In practice, the changed data is “1”, and the unchanged data is “0”.
And only the change “1” is quantified. This is referred to as the number of pixel changes, and when a certain number of pixel changes, for example, 30 or more, an alarm signal is immediately issued from the determination circuit 4d. As such an image data comparator 4, there is, for example, one which is commercially available under the trade name of "area sensor".

Returning to FIG. 1, three image data comparators 4
The alarm signal and the video signal transmitted from the switch are switched by the automatic video switch 5 at intervals of, for example, 1 to 2 seconds. When the alarm signal is transmitted, the signal is input to the alarm circuit 6 and the alarm siren 7 is sounded.
On the other hand, the recording device 8 can record a video by inputting a video signal, and display the video on the television monitor 9 via the video signal. On / off of the television monitor 9 can be selected. When the television monitor 9 is turned on, images from the respective cameras can be displayed at intervals of 1 to 2 seconds. When the switch is turned off, a normal image is not displayed, but when an alarm signal is input, an image corresponding to the alarm is automatically displayed. And
The video can be always captured by fixing the video to the camera. Further, the recording device 8 can be used for elucidating the cause of the fire by recording the situation from the beginning when a fire occurs or the like. However, the recording device 8
Is not always necessary and can be an optional device.

With this configuration, for example, when oil such as fuel oil is ejected in the monitoring area of the surveillance camera 1, the contaminated area is expanded by the oil before and after the ejection and gradually after the ejection. The going situation is captured as an image by the surveillance camera 1, and the image is input to the image data comparator 4, where it is converted into numerical image data, and the preceding image and the succeeding image are sequentially arranged at regular time intervals. The comparison is made, a change in the image due to the fuel oil ejection is detected, and an alarm signal is issued. In this case, it is necessary to reliably detect the occurrence or diffusion of a certain amount of oil leakage as a change in the image and warn the user. On the other hand, the image captured by the surveillance camera 1 includes vibration of the hull and engine. It is necessary to eliminate these noises because the ship's motion and other causes appear as noise. Therefore, the time interval for comparing the images and the predetermined amount at which the images differ when the images are compared to generate the alarm must be determined in consideration of this point. In this embodiment, the time interval for comparing the images is set to 0.3 seconds as a result of the experiment. Then, a predetermined amount is set as a sensor point 30, and an alarm is generated when image data more than this is different. In other words, in order to increase the detection accuracy and detect a small number of image changes, it is better to reduce the number of different sensor points and lengthen the comparison time, but to cut the noise, the opposite is necessary. . In one experimental example on an actual ship, oil leaks were detected at time intervals of 0.1 second with the sensor point being 30. When this time interval was gradually increased, noise was increased by 0.3 seconds or more. Erroneous detection has occurred. Therefore, in the apparatus of this experimental example, the time interval is set to 0.3 seconds, and an alarm is generated when a difference between images is detected 5 to 6 times in succession. However, the above-mentioned numerical values are only examples, because the degree of oil squirting and diffusion and the occurrence of noise differ from ship to ship and from accident to accident. In consideration of other experimental examples conducted by the inventors, in a ship, the time interval is usually about 0.1 second to 0.5 second, and the sensor point is about 10 to 50. Turned out to be. However, it is desirable that such an alarm condition is adjusted and set according to the actual situation for each actual ship. In addition, in ships with little influence of noise, instead of so-called moving image comparison, in which images sent one after another are sequentially compared, images are sequentially sent based on images in a normal state where no fire or fire cause has occurred. The comparison may be made between a still image and a moving image, which are to be compared with the received video. Further, in some cases, the number of continuous detections may be reduced and an alarm may be generated by one detection.
Although the case where oil leakage has occurred has been described above, when smoke occurs, a large change in the brightness of the video appears at the time of occurrence, and this is represented as a large numerical change as a result of binarizing the image data. The image data is detected by the image data comparator 4. According to experiments, even when the conventional fire alarm does not operate at all when smoke is generated, the generation of smoke is warned by such a detection method.

FIG. 3 shows a configuration in which a sensitivity selector is provided as an external circuit for alarm. The external circuit includes a timer unit 10 including timers T ₁ , T ₂ , and T ₃ as an example of a plurality of setting units for setting the number of times of detection of a difference between images when an alarm occurs, and a switching unit for switching the timer. And a switch unit 11 as a switch. Further, the relay R and R ₁ operating in each signal of the image data comparator 4 and a timer unit 10 shown in Figure 2 is provided. The timers T ₁ , T ₂ , and T ₃ are variable timers having a function of adjusting a set time, for example, 1.8 seconds, 2.7 seconds, and 3 seconds, respectively.
Set to 6 seconds. Although an example of a relay circuit is shown in this drawing, a substrate may be used instead of a relay.

According to such a circuit, for example, when the comparator 4 generates a signal when a predetermined luminance change occurs in 30 or more pixels in 0.3 seconds, the relay R is turned on by this signal. Of the timers of the timer section 10, the timer selected by the switch section 11 operates. For example, when the Taimataima T ₁ is selected, the comparator 4 generates the six signals in succession every 0.3 seconds, since the passage of 1.8 seconds during which a state where the relay R is turned on, relay R ₁ is turned on and the timer T ₁ is operated,
The alarm siren 7 shown in FIG. 1 issues an alarm. On the other hand, even if the transmitter and the comparator 4 is a signal, but when it does not six consecutive relay R ₁ is not turned on by the timer, the alarm signal is not transmitted. That is, the signal transmitted from the comparator 4 in this case is treated as a false report due to vibration or the like. Timer T ₂
Or if the timer T ₃ is selected, an alarm is issued when the comparator 4 has transmitted the nine or 12 times signals in succession.

[0020] In normal operation of the ship, by selecting the timer T ₁ as described above, while preventing false alarms, actually when oil leakage or the like occurs, it is possible to quickly alert it. However, the like when taking a rough weather or when large rudders, the more noise due to the hull of the shaking or vibration, so many false alarms in alarm setting 1.8 seconds by the timer T _1. Select a timer T ₂ or T ₃ increase the time and number of consecutive detection, the actually leakage oil was such as when Its alarm time is delayed, the occurrence of false alarms is more completely prevented. If three types of timers are provided, for example, as in the present embodiment, and these can be selected according to the operating conditions of the ship, simple operations can prevent false alarms and prevent oil leakage and smoke generation at each condition. Both requests for alerts are fulfilled.

If the alarm conditions can be switched by an external circuit as in the above example, even if the alarm circuit 6 shown in FIG. By taking out the judgment signal and coupling it to an external circuit, it is possible to construct an alarm system that meets the specifications of the actual ship.

[0022]

As described above, according to the present invention, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the occurrence of a fire cause such as oil leakage is regarded as a change in the image, and the alarm is issued by the alarm means via the image comparison means. It is possible to prevent a fire. Further, smoke, flame, and the like also appear as a change in the image and are warned, so that a fire can be detected early, and the most important initial fire extinguishing in extinguishing the fire can be performed. In this case,
Number of shooting means and corresponding video comparison means
Leaks in places where fires are likely to occur
Monitoring is possible. And with such a reliable fire monitoring device that can prevent fires and detect fires early, it is possible to reduce the number of inspections of the engine room, save labor, and even when the engine room is unmanned, The crew can get a sufficient sense of security. In addition, alarm
Since the detection for the second time is set to the continuous detection condition a plurality of times, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an alarm due to erroneous detection. In addition,
Since the image display means is provided , the situation can be confirmed when an alarm is generated , and an appropriate fire extinguishing operation can be performed when a fire occurs. In the invention of claim 2 ,
In addition to the above effects, the reliability of the apparatus can be improved by eliminating noise and improving detection accuracy. According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to select an optimum warning condition in accordance with the operating conditions of the ship by a simple operation, and to realize a warning as early as possible while preventing a false report. The invention of claim 4
According to this, the effect of the invention of claim 2 and the effect of the invention of claim 3
Both effects can be obtained. As a result, the ship
Optimum Oil Leak and Smoke Detection System for Various Operating Conditions
can do. According to the fifth aspect of the invention, the
Since the image can be fixed and displayed, the situation at the time of the alarm
Immediately grasp and make accurate judgments on fire extinguishing work and evacuation etc.
Action can be taken.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration of an oil leak / smoke detection device according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of an image data comparator of the oil leakage / smoke detection device.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a sensitivity selector of the oil leakage / smoke detection device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 surveillance camera (imaging means) 4 image data comparator (image comparing means) 6 alarm circuit (alarm means) 7 alarm siren (alarm means) 9 television monitor (display means) 10 timer section (plural setting means) 11 switch section (Switching means)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Shinji Takahara 5-2-22, Sakaemachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo Prefecture Inside Misuzu Machinery Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-4-10194 (JP, A) Kaihei 3-78900 (JP, A) JP-A-61-94665 (JP, A) JP-A-62-147888 (JP, A) Catalog of "Video sensor VSU-001", published by Ikegami Tsushinki Co., Ltd. (March 1991) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G08B 17/10 B63B 43/00 G08B 25/00 510 H04N 7/18

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of photographing means for photographing an engine room of a ship and transmitting the photographed image, and corresponding to the photographing means.
And a video comparing means images compared with compared with other images taken subsequently and images taken by provided said imaging means for generating a signal when it detects that it has different than a predetermined amount, the video comparison Means continuous video difference
Alarm means for generating an alarm when detected a plurality of times ,
Display means capable of displaying an image photographed by the photographing means;
An oil leak / smoke detection device characterized by having: 2. The image is divided into a number of sections, and a comparison is made for each section. A time interval for comparing the photographed image with another image photographed thereafter is 0.1 second to 0.1 second. 2. The oil leak / smoke detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the range is 5 seconds, and the predetermined amount is in a range of 0.1% to 0.3% with respect to the total number of the sections. 3. The claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of setting means for setting a detection frequency difference video when generating the alarm, a switching means for switching the setting means the plurality of the oil leakage, smoke detection system. 4. The claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of setting means for setting a detection frequency difference video when generating the alarm, a switching means for switching the setting means the plurality of the oil leakage, smoke detection system. 5. The display means according to claim 1 , wherein said alarm means issues an alarm.
Is displayed, it is fixed to the image that was the target of the warning.
2. The oil leakage according to claim 1,
Smoke detector.