JP2856876B2 - Sky brightness distribution simulation device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an artificial sky device capable of predicting an indoor daylight environment of a general house or an atrium and performing an experiment of confirming a light distribution state.

(B) Conventional technology The artificial sky device itself is conventionally known. And with the artificial sky lighting method, the reflective dome type
A transmission dome type, a direct irradiation dome type, a mirror box type, and the like are known.

However, the reflection dome type has good reproducibility of CIE standard cloudy sky and clear sky, but dimming of brightness is difficult, and the transmission dome type and Zenikan type have good CIE standard cloudy sky It was bad and it was difficult to adjust the brightness.

In addition, there has been a direct irradiation type artificial sky apparatus from the past, but a technique of simulating the brightness adjustment of a large number of irradiation units arranged in the sky and the adjustment of the position of the artificial sun with a computer has not been disclosed. It is.

(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention relates to prediction of indoor daylight environment and light distribution, which are important problems in determining the position of a window, the degree of opening, and the like in designing a house or a building. The CIE standard clear sky and the CIE standard cloudy sky are easily reproduced to enable experiments to check the situation.

In the International Commission on Illumination, when predicting the indoor daylight environment, the average sky brightness is defined as the CIE standard clear sky or the CIE standard cloudy sky, but this is faithfully reproduced in the sky It was difficult.

In the case of the CIE standard cloudy sky, the luminance decreases in order from the position directly above the sky along the contour line.Therefore, in the case of both the reflection type and the direct irradiation type, the simulation can be performed. In the case of the sky, the position of the highest luminance is not the position directly above the sky, but the position of the sky slightly north is the position of the brightest luminance, and a complex curved isoluminance line is drawn around the highest luminance. Therefore, it was practically difficult to adjust the brightness of the sky along the curved isoluminance line.

The present invention focuses on the fact that the intricately curved isoluminance line is symmetrical in the east and west, and halves the number of adjustment circuits by adjusting the luminance as a set of illuminating units in the east and west of the sky, and in that state the computer Of 427 circuits, the maximum number of simulatable circuits by
Computer control of the number of irradiation units U
CIE standard clear sky and CIE standard cloudy sky can be reproduced.

(D) Means for Solving the Problems The problems to be solved by the present invention are as follows, and means for solving the problems will be described below.

By arranging a plurality of irradiation units U that emit adjustment brightness symmetrically in the east and west directions on the entire sky formed on the inner surface of the hemispherical sky dome D, and simulating the irradiation units U for each pair, the change in the solar altitude is changed. This makes it possible to simulate the brightness distribution of the CIE standard clear sky accompanying the.

In the sky brightness distribution simulation device,
Furthermore, it is possible to simulate the brightness distribution of the CIE standard cloudy sky, the intermediate sky due to the change in the solar altitude, and the average sky for each city.

(E) Embodiment The problems to be solved and means to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, the configuration of the embodiment shown in the attached drawings will be described.

FIG. 1 is a side view of the sky luminance distribution simulation apparatus of the present invention taken along the center line 0-0, and FIG.
Bottom view showing the position of the center line 0-0 and the arrangement of the irradiation unit U in FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the positions of the production spotlight 11 and the artificial sun S, and FIG. Of the brightness distribution of the CIE standard clear sky in case of
Luminance distribution diagram of CIE standard clear sky in degrees, Fig. 6 Luminance distribution diagram of CIE standard cloudy sky, Fig. 7 shows other simulated sky luminance distributions, Fig. 8 It is a drawing showing a display part by the artificial sky device of the present invention.

 This will be described with reference to FIG.

The artificial sky device of the present invention is provided indoors, and an artificial sun S is arranged in a sky dome D when an irradiation unit is provided.

Outside the sky dome D, a control computer, an electric equipment control panel, an indoor expansion monitor TV, a lighting device desk, an artificial sun console, and the like are arranged. The brightness of the irradiation unit U inside the sky dome D, the artificial sun The position of S can be simulated by remote control.

The control computer controls 853 irradiation units U arranged on the inner surface of the sky dome D. Since the irradiation units U are configured symmetrically in the east and west, the control computer controls 427 sets, and one set is controlled so that the two left and right irradiation units U emit the same luminance.

Just because the irradiation unit U at the position directly above the sky cannot be left-right symmetric, it is one set as a control set,
It is configured to adjust the luminance of one irradiation unit U. Therefore, the number of adjustment circuits by the control computer is 427, and the number of irradiation units U is 853.

The center line 0-0 shown in FIG. 2 indicates the center position of the sky dome D, and the artificial sun S rising above the center line 0-0 to the position of the true sky is provided. The irradiation unit U is 426 symmetrically with respect to the center line 0-0.
They are arranged east and west one by one. The center line 0-
An artificial sun passage gap 10 is formed on the south side of the position 0, and the artificial sun S driven by the artificial sun driving device M moves up and down in the artificial sun passage gap 10.

At a lower position in the sky dome D, 45 effect spotlights 11 are arranged at a position inside the circumference of the sky dome D. The production spotlight 11 is provided with 15 control circuits for dimming, and the production control spotlight 11 divides the production spotlight 11 into three sets of red, blue, and white, and controls the brightness of each set. Is adjusted.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along the center line 0-0 provided at the east-west branch point of the sky dome D. The hemispherical sky dome D is a portion above the horizon level LL, and the portion below the horizon level LL is a portion below the horizon that does not form the sky portion. A partition 17 is provided circumferentially below the horizon, and a spotlight for production is provided between the outside of the partition 17 and the inner surface of the sky dome D.
There are 11 45 units.

The effect spotlight 11 illuminates with blue and red light to produce an effect scene from a sunrise to a blue sky and a sunset.

853 irradiation units U provided on the inner surface of the sky dome D
Are all configured to irradiate white light, so that the brightness distribution of the sky can be expressed, but the blue sky cannot be expressed. Similarly, it is not possible to express sunset or sunrise, so in order to create such a state, the state of luminance illuminated by the white irradiation unit U is colored with blue and red to produce an effect.

Although 45 spotlights 11 for the effect are arranged,
There are 15 dimming circuits, and 45 units are covered with blue, red, and white filters, respectively.A blue light spotlight, a red light spotlight, a white light spotlight, It is divided into three sets, and by lighting one of the sets, the blue sky, sunset / sunrise, and white in the daytime are expressed.

In addition, the rotating model table 14
Has been arranged.

The rotary model table 14 is rotated on a horizon level LL by a rotation control drive mechanism N.

Since the artificial sun S moves only 90 degrees from the horizon to the center of the sky, the rotation of the rotary model table 14 creates a morning and an afternoon. At noon, she would be in the southern position, and in the afternoon she would gradually move westward. Then, when the state of the day is expressed, the rotating model stand 14 is returned to the original position in the morning.

In FIG. 1, a house model H is arranged on a rotating model No. 14, and an elevator 15 and an elevating scissor mechanism 16 are configured so that the house model H can be easily adjusted and placed. I have.

Also, in the sky dome D, when the change in the sky brightness and the change in the artificial sun S for a day are observed, the sun only moves up and down by 90 degrees, and the brightness changes at the same position in the sky. Only if it does not move in the same way as the house model H on the rotating model stand 14, it is impossible to experience a state close to the state of movement of the day.

An experience chair 12 is provided that moves in the same manner as the model house H so that a viewer can experience this state. The experience chair
Reference numeral 12 is fixed to a part of the rotary model stand 14 by a chair supporting rod 13.

With this configuration, the experience chair 12 rotates together with the rotating model table 14, so that the sun rises from the east and sets in the west.

FIG. 4 discloses an equiluminance line of the CIE standard clear sky when the solar altitude is 10 degrees, and FIG. 5 shows a case where the solar altitude is 60 degrees. Figure 6 shows the CIE
The same luminance line in the case of a standard cloudy sky is shown.

If the sun is hiding behind the clouds,
As shown in the figure, the position directly above the sky is the position with the highest luminance, and circular isoluminance lines are drawn in order from directly above the sky, so this state is reproduced to some extent even with a reflective artificial sky device. You can do it.

However, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the center of the highest luminance is slightly in the northern sky, and a complex curved isoluminance line is drawn around the position of the highest luminance, and the CIE standard clear sky is It cannot be easily simulated.

It was difficult to simulate the CIE standard clear sky at every changing altitude, even if it was possible to simulate only one screen of the standard clear sky.

However, in the present invention, this complex sky luminance distribution can be reproduced by computer-controlling all the 427 adjustment circuits.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, there are also an intermediate sky for each solar altitude, an average sky for each city, and a sky with different color temperatures.
The scene can be simulated.

These are all 427 dimming circuits of the irradiation unit U, and 1
The adjustment is performed by simulating the adjustment circuit of the production spotlight 11 of 5 by a computer.

Next, referring to FIG. 8, the operation display section of the artificial sky device of the present invention will be described.

In the artificial sky device of the present invention, a sky lighting experiment,
It can perform solar radiation / shadow experiments, effect presentations, demonstrations, etc.

That is, in the sky lighting experiment, the artificial sun S was not moved up and down,
This is performed only by the irradiation of the irradiation unit U.

CIE Standard Clear Sky, Intermediate Sky, CIE Standard Cloudy Sky, Average Sky, etc., set by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE)
It is possible to radiate daylight brightness under certain conditions.

By placing the house model H in the standard sky state and measuring the lighting state of each part, a sky lighting experiment can be performed. The measurement value in the sky lighting experiment can provide a lighting state of a standard model state that can be evaluated in the design of a house or a building.

Next, in the solar radiation / shadow experiment, the artificial sun S is also raised and lowered.

In other words, from a window in a certain place, facing in a certain direction, what kind of solar radiation and shade can be obtained on a certain spring, summer, autumn and winter day,
You can simulate.

In the case of this solar radiation / shadow experiment, the state is created by specifying the month, day, and location, and specifying whether it is a continuous movement of one day or a fixed state of solar radiation / shadow for a certain time. You can do it.

With the movement of the artificial sun S, the irradiation unit U in the sky
Also changes by simulation every time.

Next, in the case of effect production, as described above, out of the 45 production spotlights 11, 15 of the 3 sets of filters, red, blue and white, are selected and adjusted by the 15 dimming circuits. By illuminating, it is possible to create the ever-changing blue sky and the state of sunset and sunrise.

The production spotlight 11 can also simulate continuously from the morning glow to the blue sky and then to the sunset in conjunction with the simulation of the solar radiation / shadow experiment.

In the effect production, the artificial sun S is regarded as the moon, and by setting the moon altitude, azimuth and brightness,
With the brightness of the moonlit night, it is possible to create a moon scene or create a fully lit scene.

The demonstration is not an experiment to collect data, but a demonstration is given to the viewer by changing the CIE standard clear sky, the intermediate sky, the artificial sun S for the solar radiation / shadow experiment, and the sky brightness. You can do it.

(F) Effects of the Invention The present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects.

As described in claim (1), it is arranged on the inner surface of the sky dome D
By adjusting the brightness of the 853 irradiation units U by simulation using 427 dimming circuits, it is possible to obtain a CIE standard clear sky showing a complex distribution at each solar altitude, so designing houses and buildings In, before the building is actually made by making the house model H,
It is possible to obtain daylighting experiment data in a real state by simulation.

Therefore, when designing a house or a building, it is possible to obtain standard data that can obtain lighting data sufficient for evaluation.

Since it is configured as in claim (2), in addition to the CIE standard clear sky, the CIE standard cloudy sky, the intermediate sky for each solar altitude, and the average sky for each local city can be easily obtained.
At the time of designing a house or a building, it is possible to obtain standard data that can obtain lighting data sufficient for evaluation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view taken along the center line 0-0 of the sky luminance distribution simulation apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a bottom view showing the position of the center line 0-0 and the arrangement of the irradiation unit U in the sky dome D. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the positions of the production spotlight 11 and the artificial sun S, and FIG.
Luminance distribution drawing of CIE standard clear sky, Fig. 5 Luminance distribution drawing of CIE standard clear sky when the sun altitude is 60 degrees, Fig. 6 Luminance distribution drawing of CIE standard cloudy sky, Fig. 7 FIG. 8 is a drawing showing a sky luminance distribution that can be simulated, and FIG. 8 is a drawing showing a display unit using the artificial sky device of the present invention. D: Sky dome U: Irradiation unit H: House model 11: Production spotlight 14: Rotating model table

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-69794 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G09B 27/00 G09B 25/04

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of irradiation units U that emit east-west symmetrical adjustment brightness are arranged on the entire surface of the sky formed on the inner surface of a hemispherical sky dome D, and the irradiation units U are simulated and adjusted for each pair. CI due to changes in solar altitude
E A sky brightness distribution simulation apparatus characterized in that the brightness distribution of a standard clear sky can be simulated. 2. The sky brightness distribution simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the brightness distribution of a CIE standard cloudy sky, an intermediate sky due to a change in the sun altitude, and an average sky of each city can be simulated. A sky luminance distribution simulation apparatus, characterized in that: