JP2825037B2 - Optical connection device and optical system for optical connection device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical connection device required for transmitting information at high speed in parallel using light, and an optical system used for the optical connection device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to process large-scale information, research on computers that execute high-speed operations is progressing, but the performance limit is already approaching in the case of sequential processing using electric circuits. Therefore, research on a parallel processing architecture, such as a supercomputer or an array processor, for simultaneously executing a plurality of operations has been advanced. On the other hand, light has a spatial spread, and its physical properties do not interfere with each other. Therefore, the calculation using light has excellent parallelism.
For such a parallel operation, optical connection between data arranged in parallel is important. Conventionally, as such an optical connection method, a method of deflecting light using a hologram or a prism has been generally used.

[0003]

However, such an optical deflecting element is difficult to design and manufacture, and has a complicated optical system when combined with other optical functional elements. In order to solve such a drawback, a method has been proposed in which an optical system is made compact by stacking planar optical elements in multiple layers. Details of this method can be found in Applied Optics (App
plied Optics) ", Vol. 21, No. 19, No. 3
It is described in the article "Multilayer Planar Optical System: Application of Flat Microlens" on pages 456 to 3460. Also, an optical connection method for mounting a surface-type optical element on an optical waveguide substrate has been proposed. Details of this method are described in, for example, the magazine "Optics Communications (Optics Coms).
"Mications", Vol. 76, No. 5, pp. 313 to 317, "Imaging with Planar Optics".
cal systems). Although the method using a multilayer flat plate optical system is compact and has a short optical path length, it is difficult to realize with the current technology in view of the problem of heat radiation and wiring for active elements that emit light. On the other hand, in the method using a flat optical system, there are few problems of heat radiation and wiring, but it is difficult to form an optical element on both sides of the substrate, and if formed on only one side, the optical path length becomes longer and the optical system becomes compact. Was difficult.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a compact optical system which is free from problems of heat radiation and wiring, and an optical connection device having the optical system.

[0005]

According to a first optical connection device of the present invention, there is provided a transparent substrate having a reflective film provided on a part or the entire surface thereof.
At least two transparent substrates having a plurality of optical elements formed on the surface thereof are stacked on a plate, and the optical elements couple light propagating outside the transparent substrate into the transparent substrate.
The reflection film is bonded inside the transparent substrate by the optical element.
An optical system that reflects the combined light , first and second processors, a driving circuit that amplifies the power of the output of the first processor, and a light emitting element that emits light in accordance with the output of the driving circuit; A light source that causes the emitted light to enter the first layer of the transparent substrate in the optical system; and a light source that is emitted from the light source , is reflected by the reflection film through the optical system, and is emitted from the first layer of the transparent substrate. A light receiving element for receiving the reflected light,
An amplifier for amplifying an output signal of the light receiving element and inputting the output signal to the second processor.

In a first optical system according to the present invention, a transparent substrate is formed by n
(N is a positive integer of 2 or more), and a plurality of optical elements are formed on the surface of at least one of the transparent substrates, and the optical elements propagate outside the transparent substrate.
Optical system that couples the incoming light into the transparent substrate
There, the surface not in contact with the second layer of the transparent substrate of the first layer of the transparent substrate is covered with a reflective film except for the portion for input and output light, the transparent substrate of the n-th layer The surface of the (n-1) th layer that is not in contact with the transparent substrate is covered with a reflective film.

In a second optical system according to the present invention, at least two transparent substrates having a plurality of optical elements formed on a surface thereof are stacked.
The optical element transmits light propagating outside the transparent substrate.
An optical system that is to be coupled inside the bright substrate, and a first grating that diffracts light perpendicularly incident on the surface, on any or all surfaces of the transparent substrate except the first layer, A second grating is formed, which diffracts light diffracted by the first grating and propagates inside the transparent substrate, and emits light perpendicular to the transparent substrate on the first layer surface. I do.

In a third optical system according to the present invention, the reflection film is partially formed.
At least two transparent substrates each having a plurality of optical elements formed on a transparent substrate provided on the entire surface or on the transparent substrate are provided, and the optical elements couple light propagating outside the transparent substrate into the transparent substrate. Monodea is, the reflective film is the
Reflects light coupled into the transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of lenses are formed on a surface of all the transparent substrates or a part of the transparent substrates.

In a fourth optical system according to the present invention, the reflection film is partially formed.
At least two transparent substrates each having a plurality of optical elements formed on the transparent substrate provided on the entire surface
Is, the optical element all SANYO be attached to the transparent substrate internal light propagating through the transparent substrate outside said reflective film wherein
Reflects light coupled into the transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system, wherein all of the remaining transparent substrates except the first layer or some of the remaining transparent substrates except the first layer transmit a part of the incident light. Then, at least a part of the surface is covered with a semi-transparent film that reflects others.

In a fifth optical system according to the present invention, the reflection film is partially formed.
At least two transparent substrates each having a plurality of optical elements formed on a transparent substrate provided on the entire surface or on the transparent substrate are provided, and the optical elements couple light propagating outside the transparent substrate into the transparent substrate. Monodea is, the reflective film is the
Reflects light coupled into the transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system, wherein at least a part of the remaining transparent substrate except the first layer or a part of the remaining transparent substrate except the first layer has a polarizing film on at least a part of its surface. Is formed.

In a sixth optical system according to the present invention, the reflection film is partially formed.
At least two transparent substrates each having a plurality of optical elements formed on a transparent substrate provided on the entire surface or on the transparent substrate are provided, and the optical elements couple light propagating outside the transparent substrate into the transparent substrate. Monodea is, the reflective film is the
Reflects light coupled into the transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system, wherein at least a part of the remaining transparent substrate except the first layer or a part of the remaining transparent substrate except the first layer has a phase plate Is formed.

In a seventh optical system according to the present invention, the reflection film is partially formed.
At least two transparent substrates each having a plurality of optical elements formed on a transparent substrate provided on the entire surface or on the transparent substrate are provided, and the optical elements couple light propagating outside the transparent substrate into the transparent substrate. Monodea is, the reflective film is the
Reflects light coupled into the transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system according to claim 1, wherein a part of the transparent substrate except for the first layer is a birefringent material.

[0013]

The principle of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 shows a cross section of a multilayer flat plate optical system in which two transparent substrates 201 and 202 are overlapped. Optical systems having different functions are formed on the surfaces of the transparent substrates 201 and 202, respectively. In the example of FIG. 9, a grating is formed on the first-layer transparent substrate 201, and a lens is formed on the second-layer transparent substrate 202. The light source 100 emits light modulated by an output signal of the processor 200. Light emitted from the light source 100 is vertically incident on the multilayer flat plate optical system, and
The light is deflected so as to propagate through the inside 1, is incident, is diffracted by the grating 101, is branched into two, and is condensed by the lens 102. At this time, grating 1
03 makes the direction of the optical axis perpendicular to the multilayer plate optical system, and the condensed light enters the light receiving element 104 disposed on the surface of the multilayer plate optical system. Light receiving element 104
Is input to the processor 203. Since the optical elements are arranged on the surface of the flat optical system, there are few problems of heat radiation and wiring, and since the optical systems are stacked in multiple layers, they are compact and have a short optical path length.

FIG. 10 shows a cross section of a multilayer flat plate optical system whose surface is covered with a reflection film 11. The method of propagating light in the multilayer plate optical system is desirably total reflection from the viewpoint of light utilization factor.However, when light is propagated by total reflection, the reflection angle becomes large, and the influence of lens aberration becomes remarkable. Become. In order to reduce the reflection angle, a structure may be adopted in which the surface of the multilayer flat optical system is covered with a reflection film. At this time, the surface on which the optical element is formed needs an opening 105 for allowing light to enter and exit from the outside.

FIG. 11 shows an example in which the optical system of FIG. 12 is realized by a multilayer flat plate optical system. First layer transparent substrate 2
A lens is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 01, a grating is formed on the second transparent substrate 202, a translucent film is formed on the third transparent substrate 203, and a reflective film is formed on the fourth transparent substrate 204. . The light emitted from the light source 100 is collimated by a lens 102,
It is deflected to propagate inside the substrate. The deflected light is divided into a component transmitted by the translucent film 106 and a component reflected. The reflected light is reflected by the reflection film 107.
The transmitted light is reflected by the fourth reflective film 108,
The light is multiplexed by the translucent film 106. The combined light is deflected by the grating 103 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and is condensed on the light receiving element 104 by the lens 108.

FIG. 13 shows a case where a deflection beam splitter is used in place of the half mirror of the optical system shown in FIG. 12 in order to increase the light utilization factor. As compared with the configuration of FIG. 11, the surface of the third layer of the transparent substrate 203 is formed of a polarizing film.

FIG. 14 shows a case where a phase plate such as a quarter-wave plate is added in order to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light when a light source such as a laser that emits linearly polarized light is used. A lens and a second layer
A phase plate is provided on the transparent substrate 202 of the layer, a grating is provided on the transparent substrate 203 of the third layer, and a transparent substrate 204 of the fourth layer is provided.
, A reflective film is formed on the fifth-layer transparent substrate 205. Light source 100 for emitting linearly polarized light
Is collimated by the lens 102 and converted into circularly polarized light by the phase plate 109.

FIG. 15 shows an optical branching element formed by using a birefringent material. First layer transparent substrate 20
A lens is formed on the surface of the first transparent substrate 202, and a grating is formed on the second transparent substrate 202.
04 is made of a birefringent material. Since birefringent materials have different refractive indices for P-polarized light and S-polarized light, when circularly polarized light enters this substrate, P-polarized light and S-polarized light are separated. Is done. Light emitted from the light source 100 is collimated by a lens 102 and deflected by a grating 101 so as to propagate inside the substrate. When the deflected light is incident on the transparent substrate 204 of the fourth layer, it is separated into P-polarized light and S-polarized light. For example, P-polarized light is deflected by a grating 103, and S-polarized light is deflected by a grating 110 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.
The light is condensed on each of the light emitting elements 2.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. FIG.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a first connection device according to the present invention. The connection device comprises a processor 1 operable in parallel, a light source 2, and a light source 2
And a transparent substrate 101, 102, 1 on the surface of which an optical element 4 such as a lens is formed for transmitting light emitted from the light source 3.
03, a light-receiving element 8 for receiving light propagated through the transparent substrates 101, 102, and 103; an amplifier circuit 9 for amplifying a signal received by the light-receiving element 8; And a processor 10 that can operate in parallel. The light source 3 is modulated by a signal output from the processor 1 using the drive circuit 2, and the emitted light sequentially enters the transparent substrates 101, 102, and 103. Light that has propagated through these transparent substrates is emitted from the transparent substrate 101 and enters the light receiving element 8. The current flowing through the light receiving element 8 is amplified by the amplifier circuit 9 until it reaches the level of the input signal of the processor 10, and enters the processor 10. At this time, the processor 1 and the processor 10 are optically connected. When optical components are formed on the surface of the transparent substrate, the light emitted from the light source 3 is modulated by these optical components and enters the light receiving element 8.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the second connection device according to the present invention. This connection device is a light source 3
And a transparent substrate 10 for transmitting light emitted from the light source 3
1, 102, a reflecting film 11 for reflecting light emitted from the light source 3, and a light receiving element 8 for receiving light reflected by the reflecting film 11. Transparent substrates 101, 102
The reflection film 11 forms an embodiment of the first optical system according to the present invention. Light emitted from the light source 3 is transmitted to the transparent substrate 101.
And propagates therethrough to enter the transparent substrate 102 on which the reflective film 11 is formed. After being reflected by the reflection film 11, the light passes through the transparent substrate 101 and enters the light receiving element 8.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the third connection device according to the present invention. This connection device is a light source 3
And a transparent substrate 10 for transmitting light emitted from the light source 3
1, 102; a grating 12 for diffracting light perpendicularly incident on the substrate 101 from the light source 3; a reflecting film 11 for reflecting light diffracted by the grating 12;
A grating 13 for diffracting the light so that the light reflected by the reflection film 11 is emitted perpendicularly from the substrate 101.
And a light receiving element 8 that receives the light diffracted by the grating 13. Transparent substrates 101, 10
2, the gratings 12, 13 and the reflection film 11 constitute an embodiment of the second optical system according to the present invention. Light emitted from the light source 3 is transmitted by the grating 12 to the transparent substrate 1.
After being deflected in a direction propagating inside 02 and propagating therethrough and reflected by the reflection film 11, the light is diffracted by the grating 13 so as to be emitted vertically from the transparent substrate 101, and enters the light receiving element 8.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the fourth connection device according to the present invention. This connection device is a light source 3
And a lens 14 for collimating the light emitted from the light source 3
And a grating 1 that diffracts the collimated light
2, a reflection film 11 that reflects the light diffracted by the grating 12, a grating 13 that diffracts the light so that the light reflected by the reflection film 11 is emitted perpendicularly from the substrate 103, and a diffraction light that is diffracted by the grating 13. A lens 15 for condensing light, and a lens 15
And a light receiving element 8 for receiving the light condensed by the light emitting device. Transparent substrates 101 to 103, lenses 14, 15,
The gratings 12 and 13 and the reflection film 11 form an embodiment of the third optical system according to the present invention. The light emitted from the light source 3 is collimated by the lens 14 and deflected by the grating 12 in a direction in which the light propagates inside the transparent substrate 103. After the light propagates through the transparent substrate 103 and is reflected by the reflection film 11, the light is diffracted by the grating 13 so as to be emitted vertically from the transparent substrate 103, and is condensed on the light receiving element 8 by the lens 15.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the fifth connection device according to the present invention. This connection device is a light source 3
And a lens 14 for collimating the light emitted from the light source 3
And a grating 1 that diffracts the collimated light
2, a semi-transparent film 16 for branching the light diffracted by the grating 12, reflection films 11 and 17 for reflecting the light branched by the semi-transparent film 16, and reflection films 11, 1
A grating 13 for diffracting the light so that the light reflected by 7 is emitted perpendicularly from the substrate 103; a lens 15 for condensing the light diffracted by the grating 13; And a light receiving element 8 for receiving light. Transparent substrates 101 to 10
4 and a lens 14, a grating 12, a translucent film 16, reflection films 11, 17, a grating 13 and a lens 15 provided on these substrates constitute an embodiment of the fourth optical system according to the present invention. The light emitted from the light source 3 is collimated by the lens 14 and deflected by the grating 12 in a direction in which the light propagates inside the transparent substrate 103. The light propagates through the transparent substrate 103 and is divided into two by the translucent film 16.
1 is reflected by the reflective film 17 and the other is combined by the translucent film 16, then diffracted by the grating 13 so as to exit vertically from the transparent substrate 103, and is reflected by the lens 15 to the light receiving element 8.
Focus on

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the sixth connection device according to the present invention. This connection device is a light source 3
And a lens 14 for collimating the light emitted from the light source 3
And a grating 1 that diffracts the collimated light
2, a polarizing film 18 for branching light diffracted by the grating 12, reflection films 11 and 17 for reflecting light branched by the polarizing film 18, and light reflected by the reflection films 11 and 17 from the substrate 103. It is composed of a grating 13 for diffracting light so as to be emitted vertically, a lens 15 for condensing the light diffracted by the grating 13, and a light receiving element 8 for receiving the light condensed by the lens 15. . Transparent substrates 101 to 104,
The lenses 14 and 15, the gratings 12 and 13, the reflective films 11 and 17, and the polarizing film 18 constitute a fifth optical system according to the present invention. The light emitted from the light source 3 is collimated by the lens 14 and deflected by the grating 12 in a direction in which the light propagates inside the transparent substrate 103. The light propagates through the transparent substrate 103 to form the polarizing film 1.
8, after one is reflected by the reflective film 11 and the other is reflected by the reflective film 17,
The light is multiplexed by the polarizing film 18, and then the grating 1
3, the light is diffracted so as to be emitted perpendicularly from the transparent substrate 103, and is condensed on the light receiving element 8 by the lens 15.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a seventh connection device according to the present invention. The connection device includes an optical system including transparent substrates 101 to 105, a light source 3 that emits linearly polarized light, a lens 14 that collimates the light emitted from the light source 3, and a phase that converts the collimated light into circularly polarized light. A plate 19, a grating 12 for diffracting light transmitted through the phase plate 19, a polarizing film 18 for splitting the light diffracted by the grating 12, and reflecting films 11 and 17 for reflecting the light split by the polarizing film 18. Grating 13 that diffracts the light so that the light reflected by reflection films 11 and 17 is emitted perpendicularly from substrate 104.
And a lens 15 for condensing the light diffracted by the grating 13 and a light receiving element 8 for receiving the light condensed by the lens 15. Transparent substrate 1
Reference numerals 01 to 105, lenses 14, 15, phase plates 19, gratings 12, 13, polarizing films 18, and reflecting films 11, 17 constitute a sixth optical system according to the present invention. The light emitted from the light source 3 is collimated by the lens 14 and deflected by the grating 12 in a direction in which the light propagates inside the transparent substrate 104. The light is transmitted through the transparent substrate 10
4 and is divided into two by the polarizing film 18,
One is reflected by the reflective film 11 and the other is reflected by the reflective film 17.
After being reflected by the polarizing film 18, the light is multiplexed by the polarizing film 18, and then the transparent substrate 10 is formed by the grating 13.
The light is diffracted so as to be emitted perpendicularly from the light 4 and is condensed on the light receiving element 8 by the lens 15.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the eighth connection device according to the present invention. This connection device is diffracted by an optical system including transparent substrates 101 to 104, a light source 3, a lens 14 for collimating light emitted from the light source 3, a grating 12 for diffracting the collimated light, and a grating 12, Gratings 13 and 22 for diffracting light birefringently on transparent substrate 104 made of a birefringent material so as to emit the light perpendicularly from the substrate, and for condensing light diffracted by gratings 13 and 22, respectively. Lenses 15 and 21 and lens 15
And light receiving elements 8 and 20 for receiving the light condensed by the light emitting elements 16 and 16, respectively. Transparent substrates 101-1
04, lenses 14, 15, 21 and grating 12,
13, 22 and the reflection film 11 form an embodiment of the seventh optical system according to the present invention. The light emitted from the light source 3 is collimated by the lens 14 and deflected by the grating 12 in a direction in which the light propagates inside the transparent substrate 103. When the light is incident on a transparent substrate 104 made of a birefringent material, the refractive index of the P-polarized light component and that of the S-polarized light component are different from each other. Is diffracted so as to exit vertically from the transparent substrate 103, is condensed by the lens 15 on the light receiving element 8, and the other is diffracted by the grating 22 so as to exit perpendicularly from the transparent substrate 103, and It is condensed on 20.

[0027]

By using the optical connection device of the present invention, it is possible to realize an optical system which is compact and has a short optical path length without problems of heat radiation and wiring.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of a first optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the second optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a third optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of a fourth optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a fifth optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining one embodiment of a sixth optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining an embodiment of a seventh optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the eighth optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the principle of the first optical connection device, the third optical connection device, and the fourth optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the principle of the second optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view for explaining the principle of a fifth optical connection device and a sixth optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the fifth optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a view for explaining the principle of a sixth optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the principle of a seventh optical connection device of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the principle of an eighth optical connection device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 10, 200, 203 Processor 2 Drive circuit 3, 100, 105 Light source 4 Optical element 8, 20, 104, 112 Light receiving element 9 Amplifier circuit 11, 17, 107 Reflective film 12, 13, 22, 101, 103, 110 Grating 14, 15, 21, 102, 108, 111 Lens 16, 106 Translucent film 18 Polarizing film 19, 109 Phase plate 23 Birefringent material 105 Light source 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 Transparent substrate

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A reflection film is provided on a part or the whole surface.
At least two transparent substrates each having a plurality of optical elements formed on the transparent substrate are stacked on the transparent substrate, wherein the optical elements couple light propagating outside the transparent substrate into the transparent substrate, and the reflection film Is in the transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system for reflecting light coupled to the unit, first and second processors, a drive circuit for amplifying power of an output of the first processor, and light emission according to an output of the drive circuit A light source that emits light to be incident on the first layer of the transparent substrate in the optical system; and a light source that is emitted from the light source , is reflected by the reflection film through the optical system , and is further transmitted from the first layer of the transparent substrate. An optical connection device, comprising: a light receiving element that receives emitted light; and an amplification element that amplifies an output signal of the light receiving element and inputs an output signal to the second processor. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transparent substrate is n (n is a positive integer of 2 or more)
A plurality of optical elements are formed on the surface of at least one of the transparent substrates, and the optical elements couple light propagating outside the transparent substrate to the inside of the transparent substrate. A surface of the first transparent substrate that is not in contact with the second transparent substrate is covered with a reflective film except for a portion for inputting and emitting light, and the nth layer An optical system, wherein a surface of the transparent substrate which is not in contact with the transparent substrate of the (n-1) th layer is covered with a reflective film. 3. An optical system in which at least two transparent substrates having a plurality of optical elements formed on a surface thereof are stacked, and the optical elements couple light propagating outside the transparent substrate into the inside of the transparent substrate. A first grating for diffracting light perpendicularly incident on the surface on any or all surfaces of the transparent substrate except the first layer, and an inside of the transparent substrate diffracted by the first grating. An optical system, wherein a second grating for diffracting light propagating through the first layer and emitting light perpendicular to the transparent substrate on the first layer surface is formed. 4. A reflection film is provided partially or entirely.
On a transparent substrate, a transparent substrate on which a plurality of optical elements are formed on the surface is superimposed at least two, wherein the optical element is all SANYO be attached to the transparent substrate internal light propagating through the transparent substrate outside, before Symbol The reflection film is in the transparent substrate by the optical element.
An optical system for reflecting light coupled to a part, wherein a plurality of lenses are formed on a surface of all the transparent substrates or a part of the transparent substrates. 5. A reflection film is provided on a part or the whole surface.
On a transparent substrate, a transparent substrate on which a plurality of optical elements are formed on the surface is superimposed at least two, wherein the optical element is all SANYO be attached to the transparent substrate internal light propagating through the transparent substrate outside, the reflection The film is in a transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system for reflecting light coupled to the part, wherein all of the remaining transparent substrates except the first layer or some of the remaining transparent substrates except the first layer are An optical system characterized in that at least a part of the surface is covered with a translucent film that transmits a part of incident light and reflects another part. 6. A reflection film is provided on a part or the whole surface.
On a transparent substrate, a transparent substrate on which a plurality of optical elements are formed on the surface is superimposed at least two, wherein the optical element is all SANYO be attached to the transparent substrate internal light propagating through the transparent substrate outside, the reflection The film is in a transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system for reflecting light coupled to the portion, wherein all of the remaining transparent substrates except the first layer, or some of the remaining transparent substrates except the first layer, Is an optical system characterized in that a polarizing film is formed on at least a part of the surface. 7. A reflection film is provided on a part or the whole surface.
On a transparent substrate, a transparent substrate on which a plurality of optical elements are formed on the surface is superimposed at least two, wherein the optical element is all SANYO be attached to the transparent substrate internal light propagating through the transparent substrate outside, the reflection The film is in a transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system for reflecting light coupled to the portion, wherein all of the remaining transparent substrates except the first layer, or some of the remaining transparent substrates except the first layer, An optical system characterized in that a phase plate is formed on at least a part of the surface. 8. A reflection film is provided on a part or the whole surface.
On a transparent substrate, a transparent substrate on which a plurality of optical elements are formed on the surface is superimposed at least two, wherein the optical element is all SANYO be attached to the transparent substrate internal light propagating through the transparent substrate outside, the reflection The film is in a transparent substrate by the optical element
An optical system is intended to reflect the combined light to the part, the optical system as a part of the transparent substrate excluding the first layer is characterized in that it is a material of the birefringent.