JP2812686B2 - Planing catamaran - Google Patents

Description

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to catamaran wherein one superstructure or platform is supported on a pair of hulls or hulls, and in particular, A ship that glides over water at high speed.

[Prior art and its problems] Ships that can glide over water can reach very high speeds, because they can be lifted up on the water and surface resistance and wave drag are reduced. is there. In many boats, a retractable leg hydrofoil is provided at the front end of the boat, which at high speed is pulled out of the water. Other designs use a ski-like structure. However, each of these ships has a hull portion that will be submerged at the speed prior to the start of the flooding, and will therefore experience significantly higher drag at such speeds. When a ship begins to be lifted above the surface of the water, a so-called draghump or ridge of wave-making resistance develops, raising the bow and lowering the stern, requiring a great deal of force to get the glide velocity.

In catamarans having two hulls that support a platform or superstructure, it is known to use a submerged buoyant hull to support the superstructure above the struts above the water surface. Such a structure is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,557. This structure uses a rectangular hull to support the boat platform. This increases stability. The design of this structure is such that the water surface line at the time of stop is approximately at the midpoint of the strut due to the load on the boat. Although not specifically designed for this purpose, the lines described herein can be slid with sufficient power and at high speed by the lower hull. However, this structure is not very efficient for water-sliding purposes and in order to be water-slidable, it must be raised some basic distance from the water surface.

[Means for Solving the Problems and Their Actions] It is an object of the present invention to provide a catamaran that can glide on the water surface at high speed.

In accordance with the present invention, a catamaran provided comprises a pair of spaced, parallel, elongated pontoons and at least one strut extending upwardly from each of the pontoons. Having a streamlined nose section and having a width less than that of the attached pontoon, and a superstructure supported on the struts and supported on the waterline And wherein each of the pontoons has a water-sliding surface for water-sliding on the water surface at a high speed, and sharply-pointed chines at inner and outer side edges thereof, and a cross-sectional width of the pontoon. Changes at least along its height,
On the other hand, those having the widest point in the cross-sectional width below the top of the pontoon are included.

This strut has a streamlined front section and is narrower than the attached pontoon, which provides most of the buoyancy for lifting the platform or superstructure out of the water. In designing the pontoon's buoyancy, it is preferred that when stopped under full load conditions, the waterline lie on or near the top of the pontoon and most of the struts exit the water surface. To be. However, even if the water line is slightly higher or lower than this point,
Also, when a load is applied at a high altitude, a part of the strut may go underwater.

Since this pontoon is always near the surface of the water, there is less vertical distance to lift the boat above the water surface to make the water run, and therefore low drag resistance. The width of the pontoon is at least twice that of the strut, preferably about three times. The sharp sharpening of the strut surface reduces the drag of the water at the speed before the water level, and also increases the speed of the ship so that the lower water surface and the chain at the end are pontoon on the water surface. Lift and glide on the water surface. The long, relatively narrow pontoons, thin struts, and the height of the superstructure above the pontoons reduce vertical acceleration in waves during watering and increase boat stability.

Preferably, the water surface is generally V-shaped,
Moreover, it is left-right asymmetric. Preferably, this surface has inboard and outboard bottom slope angles, and the inward slope angle is
Preferably, it is greater than the outward slope angle. The inward slope angle is preferably in the range of 10 to 90 °, while the outward slope angle is in the range of 10 to 25 °.

The top surface of each pontoon is V-shaped or circular and may be either symmetrical or asymmetrical with respect to the line attached to each strut. Preferably, each pontoon has a downwardly curved lip at its outer end and the same lip at its inner end to promote lift and reduce drag.

The shape of the pontoon is designed to reduce the wet surface area, which reduces drag at low speeds prior to flooding and increases efficiency by varying the cross-sectional width of the pontoon. ing.

Embodiment FIGS. 1 to 3 and 8 show a catamaran 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The catamaran 10 shown in the figure is a pleasure boat driven by small power. However, the present invention can be applied to ships of any size, having a length of 100 feet or more and running at considerably high speeds,
For example, it can be applied to pleasure boats, merchant ships, warships, and even sailing ships.

The catamaran 10 is basically a pair of spaced parallel elongated pontoons or hulls 12 having at least one strut 14 extending therefrom and a superstructure supported on the strut. Body or platform 16
And In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, the figure shows only one strut extending along the length of each pontoon, but as shown in FIG. 5, two or more struts are shown. Use of strut 50 is acceptable.

As shown in FIG. 3, the pontoon 12 is submerged below the water surface 18 when the ship is at rest, while the superstructure 16 is lifted out of the water. The pontoon is a buoyant member made of lightweight material, such as metal, wood, plastic or fiberglass, or a combination of these materials, which may be hollow or filled with a suitable buoyant material such as foam. Have been.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the struts 14 are thinner than the pontoon and have a streamlined nose section 20 to reduce drag when traveling underwater at low speeds. The maximum thickness of the pontoon is at least twice that of the struts and preferably only about three times. Preferably, the length of the pontoon is at least as long as the length of the superstructure. The design of the pontoon's buoyancy should be such that when stopped under normal or full load hull conditions, the waterline 18 is at or near the top of the pontoon, as shown in FIG. . That is, most or all of the buoyancy lifting the ship off the water is provided by the pontoon. Depending on the pontoon's buoyancy and boat load, the water line 18 may be slightly above or below the position shown in FIG. At very light loads, half the volume of the pontoon goes out of the water, and at full or heavy loads, a portion of the struts dives. The buoyancy of the submerged part of the pontoon and strut is equal to the total weight of the pontoon in the air of the ship.

Pontoon itself is shaped so that it can glide over water at high speeds. As shown in FIG. 8, each pontoon has sharp pointed chines 22 at its inward and outward ends 24, 26, respectively, while the widest portion of the pontoon is below the point of attachment to the strut and of the pontoon. Upper surface
Spread below 28. The lower surface 30 of the pontoon has a gliding surface and is preferably V-shaped, as shown in FIG.
It is asymmetric. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the upper surface of the pontoon has an inverted V shape. The upper surface may be symmetric or asymmetric as shown.

As seen in FIG. 8, the pontoon water level 30 has inboard and outboard bottom slope angles 32, 34, respectively, preferably at different angles, with the inward angle being greater than the outward angle. This asymmetric shape and different bottom slope angles increase the turning and skew performance of the boat. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the outboard angle of the bottom is about 15 °, while the inward angle is about 28 °. However, the outward slope angle may be any angle between 10 and 25 °, and the inward slope angle may be between 10 and 90 °. 9 to 15 show examples of various pontoons, which will be described in detail later.

Referring back to FIGS. 1-3, in this case, the area in front of each pontoon is similarly streamlined and curves towards one point on the bow 36, a substantially horizontal line. As shown, this point is at an appropriate location between the central and top surfaces of the pontoon and may be in the form of a water ski and be above the top of the pontoon. This improves the pontoon's water-sliding properties, and the gradual streamline reduces drag at pre-watering speeds. The part after the pontoon is also tapered, and preferably,
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is cut before it converges to one point.

FIG. 2 shows an optional balancing plate 38 or inwardly facing balancing oil 40, which is located near the transom of each pontoon, i. Helps stabilize the pitch. This balancing plate is needed for relatively large boats, in which case the balancing angle needs to control the occurrence of any peaks in the following resistance when the ship starts to glide. Alternatively, it can be used irrespective of the size of the boat to control the gliding angle. 1
A number of balancing plates are attached to the rear end of the V-shaped water slide surface.
Balancing foils are used in a similar manner, but make a significant contribution to pitch stability in operation at speeds before the wave resistance peaks.

Preferably, the struts 14 have tapered front and rear ends, as shown in FIG. 2, to reduce drag at low speed levels. If this is possible in manufacturing, the taper on one side of the strut at the rear end or stern may be different from the taper on the other side. The portion after each strut may be cut off before it converges to a point, as shown in FIG. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the struts are generally vertical,
Mounted along the center line of the top surface of the pontoon. However, they may be mounted off the center line of the pontoon, and this will be described in detail later with reference to FIGS. An upper structure 16 suitable for the purpose of use is appropriately mounted. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the hull is a small, motor-driven pleasure boat. This superstructure is supported above the water surface for one pontoon position when the ship is at rest, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the upper and lower surfaces near the bow of the superstructure are preferably tapered to a horizontal line passing through the bow 52, with the horizontal line extending from a distance of 10 from the bottom surface of the superstructure to the upper surface. It lies between 100%, preferably between 40 and 100%. In this embodiment, the bow line 52 is located at a distance of about 65% of the total height from the bottom of the superstructure upward. As shown in FIG. 1, the upper surface of the cross beam structure is tapered downward near the stern.

The superstructure shown in FIG. 3 has a V-shaped component 54 at its center lower portion which converges to a point on the bow, extends along the entire length of the superstructure, and is cut off at the stern. The V-shaped component preferably has a centerline at or near the centerline of the superstructure. Preferably, the front end of this component 54 converges below the superstructure at or near the bow, while its rear end terminates near the stern of the superstructure;
Preferably, the part has no taper and stands up. Preferably, the side ends of the V-shaped component terminate inside the respective struts at one time its thickness. This V-shaped component is the bow, which reduces the impact load of waves to the cross beam structure when the sea is rough, and increases the surface Kong at the lower part of the stern, Facilitates mounting.

Other embodiments include one or more of the longitudinally extending V-shaped components 54. FIG. 4 shows one such variant, in which the V-shaped component 55 of the structure is attached to the upper end of the strut below the superstructure. An inboard motor may be provided for each of the V-shaped components. In addition to reducing the impact load of the wave on the structure, in this embodiment, two outboard motor mounting points can be provided at the stern to provide a large area of the cross beam structure. Dispersing the strut load can reduce stress. A large V-component can be provided at the bow to provide a large mounting area, which is useful when a large boat is equipped with a relatively large engine. One or more V-shaped components may be additionally placed between the struts.

An inboard or outboard engine or sail can be used as power. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3,
The outboard motor 56 drives the propeller, which is mounted on the transom of the superstructure. One or more motors can be mounted on the transom. In the case of an inboard motor, place it on either the superstructure, an elongated V-shaped area below the superstructure, a pontoon, or a locally enlarged strut-pontoon junction area. Can be done. This latter embodiment is the
This is indicated by a bulge portion 57 shown by a dashed line in FIG. Power can be transmitted from the inboard motor to the thruster using an appropriate drive transmission device.

The superstructure shown in FIG. 1 comprises a suitable seat 58 and a front windbreak
60 and a cargo hold (not shown). Of course, it is possible to change the design of the platform of this boat depending on the size and purpose of use of the boat.

Preferably, the transom of the superstructure lies on or before the area of the transom of the strut, while the transom of the strut preferably lies on or before the area of the transom of the pontoon.

When the ship shown in FIGS. 1-3 is at rest or traveling at low speed, the pontoon is submerging below the waterline 18 near its top. This, of course, depends on the load on the boat. That is, in practice, the water line 18 may be higher or lower than the position shown in FIG. 3, and if the load is lightly used, it may be lower than the upper surface of the pontoon. The effect of the waves is small because most of the ship's body is out of the water and far from the impact, and because the pontoon's maximum width is below the water surface, it is relatively low This is because the pontoon is designed so that the area is small and the braking operation is small. When navigating at a slow pre-flooding speed, narrow and streamlined struts and fully or almost diving pontoons,
As a result, the drag received by the ship decreases.

As the speed increases, the glide surface and strut chines lift the ship above the water surface, and the glide begins. Since the pontoon is not so deep below the surface of the water prior to watering, the lift required to lift the ship completely above the surface is low and minimal. The waterline 61 at that time is shown in FIG. The peak of wave making resistance when the ship starts to run to the water is reduced by the width of the pontoon, ie, the narrow width of the ship, and the shape of the pontoon. Once the ship begins to glide over the surface of the water, wave resistance decreases and reaches high speed. The very good stability of a water slide catamaran is due to the low vertical acceleration during the water slide, which is due to the elongation of the pontoon with the water slide surface, the thin struts and the superstructure on the pontoon. It depends on being high.

9 to 15 show several embodiments of the pontoon shape, all of which are shown in FIGS.
Or, it has a water slide surface to be attached to the strut 14 of the ship as shown in FIG. The pontoon 62 shown in FIG. 9 has the same water running surface as that shown in FIG. 8, but its upper surface 66 is not square but circular or oval. Strut 14
Is attached to the center line of the upper surface 66. Struts 14 in FIG. 9 are shown sloping inward. In embodiments of the present invention, the struts are generally vertical, but this can be inward, outward, or curved, depending on the options. This cante is determined by the desired width of the passenger platform or structure relative to the pontoon spacing. In FIG. 3, the width of the superstructure is the same as the spacing between the outer faces of the struts, while in FIG. 4, the width of the superstructure is wider than the spacing of the struts. .

In FIGS. 10 and 11, the pontoon 70 is asymmetric, having a flat inward surface 72, an outwardly angled water surface 74, and an outward chine 76 in the water surface. 74 is separated from the upper surface 78. Strut in this embodiment
The mounting of 14 is asymmetric. A pontoon of this kind is also shown on the ship in FIG. An optional shoulder lever hydrofoil 80 is rotatably mounted on each pontoon 70 via a shaft 82, which is tilted inward and downward of the pontoon. The hydrofoil can be retracted, as shown in FIG. 11, in which case it pivots backward to a position flush with a portion of the lower surface of the pontoon. This type of hydrofoil can optionally be used with any pontoon structure as shown to provide additional lift. These wings do not have the power to lift a boat above the water surface like a normal hydrofoil, and in many cases only work to improve efficiency. 3 and 4,
Attached to the pontoon of this secondary hydrofoil 80 is shown in dashed lines. For example, in a heavy and large boat, it is preferable to attach the hydrofoil to increase the lift.

If a hydrofoil is used, it is preferably mounted on both sides of the boat near the center of gravity of the boat. One or more hydrofoils may be mounted on the pontoon. If more than one hydrofoil is installed on each side, the center of its effective area should be near the center of gravity. The hydrofoil 80 shown in FIG. 4 is substantially horizontal and extends between the pontoons. The special hydrofoil is used for special cases, and is usually used for relatively large boats that require considerable lift.

FIG. 12 shows another shape 90 of the pontoon, which has a round oval upper surface 91 and inward and outward chines.
92, 94 and a symmetrical V-shaped water slide surface 96. Lips 98, 100 with inward depressions extend along the inward and outward ends of each pontoon. These lips improve lift, thus reducing splashes and rising drag when ascending from the surface. This lip is 8th to 15th
It can be provided at the inward and outward ends of any of the shapes of the pontoon shown. In some cases, it may be attached only to the outward end, but it is preferable to attach it also to the inward end, as shown in FIG. 12, for better operation. The terminal of this lip is 0
From 90 degrees to 90 degrees. In other words, this direction can be any angle between horizontal and vertical. No.
In the case of FIG. 12, this downward angle is nearly vertical, but in the case of a small boat, it is preferable that this angle be between 10 and 15 degrees with respect to the horizontal. Although any size lip can be used depending on the boat design, in one embodiment of the small trailer type pleasure boat according to the present invention, a width of about 3% of the maximum width of the pontoon is used. The lips were used.

A pontoon shape 110 is shown in FIG. 13, which has a rounded upper surface 112 and inward and outward ends or chines 1.
14,118, and a water surface including a central flat portion 118,
And inwardly and outwardly inclined portions 120, 122 separated from the central portion by edges 124, 126. The lips or ridges 128 and 130 are
It is provided at each of 4,126 locations.

FIG. 14 shows yet another pontoon 140, the cross section of which is generally trapezoidal, having a flat bottom water level 142.
And inclined inner and outer surfaces 144, 146. The pontoon 150 shown in FIG. 15 has substantially the same shape as that shown in FIG. 10, but the upper surface 152 is not square but round. Outer end lip 154 outward chines 1
Shown at 56 is an auxiliary lip 158 on the water level 160 as shown.

The actual choice of pontoon shape is dictated by the overall boat design specifications, and the cost depends on its shape and the structural material used. All of the shapes shown in the figure can be used freely, or in a preferred example of a small boat, it consists of a V-shaped water slide surface and a round upper surface, which is used at low speed before water slide. Wet surface area is minimized. In order to improve the turning performance, an asymmetric type is suitable. However, this is not a necessary condition, and symmetrical ones can be used to advantage in accordance with the invention.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show another embodiment of the lower surface of the pontoon to reduce drag. In this figure, a step 170 is provided on the water level and an opening 172 is provided from which air can be sent to the area after the step via an appropriately provided internal passage 174.

In one embodiment of a small trailer type pleasure boat as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the struts 14 have a vertical, streamlined nose, are tapered near the stern, and have a maximum width. It reaches the cutting part at a width of about 70%. The width of the pontoon is about three times the width of the strut, and the bow is tapered to a point located at about 65% of the height above the keel, and the outboard and inboard bottom slope angles are respectively
15 and 27.5 ゜. The pontoon has inner and outer side edges and has an inverted V-shape whose upper surface is inclined at about 45 ° to the horizontal. A cross girder structure is provided at a height of about one pontoon above the surface of the water at rest, the width of which is equal to the distance between the outer surfaces of the struts, and a center converging towards a point on the bow. Below the taper line is one V-shaped component, which is cut at the bow, with its sides ending at the inside of each strut at about one thickness of the strut. The upper and lower surfaces of the cross beam structure are tapered to the horizontal plane near the bow, with the bow rising from the bottom of the structure to about 65% of the height of the structure. positioned. A transom of this structure is provided about 15% of the length of the boat, in front of the stern of the strut and pontoon. The girder structure has a retractable windbreak having an angle of about 15 ° to the vertical, forward and forward. However, the dimensions described above are based on one possible design as an example, and it is possible to design various types of ships in which this is modified.

Although various embodiments according to the present invention have been described above,
It is easy for those skilled in the art to make various changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these are all included in the present invention.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a typical example of a small boat equipped with a water slide catamaran structure according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway view along line 1-1 in FIG. 3 is a front view of the boat shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a front view showing the arrangement of pontoons and struts according to another embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a shape of a double strut. FIG. 6 is a side view of a stepped pontoon, FIG. 7 is a plan view of FIG. 6 viewed from below, FIG. 8 is a line of FIG. FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view showing an inclined strut and a pontoon of another shape in the same manner as FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a pontoon of another shape; FIG. 11 is a plan view of FIG. 10 as viewed from below, and FIG. 12 to FIG. Enlarged sectional view showing a shape of a pontoon by 施例 is.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-59-102693 (JP, A) JP-A 62-121185 (JP, U) JP-A 1-80594 (JP, U) JP-A 63-121 74394 (JP, U) JP 165483 (JP, B1) U.S. Pat. No. 4,174,671 (US, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B63B 1/12 B63B 1/18 B63B 1/20

Claims (36)

(57) [Claims] 1. A pair of spaced, parallel pontoons spaced apart and parallel; at least one strut each extending upwardly from each of said pontoons; said struts having a streamlined nose section; An upper structure supported on the struts and supported above the water line, the width of the pontoons being narrower than that of the mounted pontoons; Sometimes has a water-sliding surface for water-sliding on the water surface, and sharp-pointed chines at its inner and outer side edges, and the cross-sectional width of the pontoon changes at least along its height direction, while The point of greatest cross section is below the top of the pontoon so that when the ship is parked under water, at least a substantial portion of the pontoon has the water surface lying down. Catamaran. 2. The pontoon has sufficient drainage buoyancy to raise the superstructure, and at least a majority of each strut is out of water when the ship is at least stopped in water. Out of the pontoon while the waterline lies near the top of the pontoon.
The catamaran described. 3. A catamaran according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of said pontoon is generally V-shaped. 4. A catamaran according to claim 3, wherein said V-shaped surface is asymmetric. 5. A catamaran according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of each pontoon is circular in cross section. 6. A catamaran according to claim 5, wherein said rounded surface is oval and is asymmetric with respect to the strut mounting line. 7. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein said upper surface of each pontoon is inverted V-shaped. 8. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein the water level of each pontoon has a hull slope angle on either side of the keel. 9. The catamaran according to claim 8, wherein the hull inclination angle on the inward side is larger than that on the outward side. 10. The catamaran according to claim 8, wherein said hull inclination angle on the inward side is between 10 and 90 degrees. 11. A catamaran according to claim 8, wherein said outward hull inclination angle is between 10 and 25 degrees. 12. A catamaran according to claim 1, wherein each of said pontoons has a downwardly curved, internally concave lip extending along its outer end. 13. A catamaran according to claim 12, wherein each said pontoon has another downwardly curved, internally concave lip extending along its inner end. 14. The angle of the lip is 0 to 90 with respect to the horizontal.
13. The catamaran according to claim 12, wherein the angle is an angle between ゜. 15. The catamaran according to claim 12, wherein said lips terminate at a downward angle of 10 to 15 degrees with respect to the horizontal. 16. A catamaran according to claim 1, wherein each of said pontoons has a bow point converging toward substantially one point. 17. The catamaran according to claim 16, wherein each of said pontoons has a longitudinal central axis, and a point of a bow of each of said pontoons is located above said central axis. 18. A catamaran according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of a portion after each of said pontoons tapers toward a rear end of said pontoons. 19. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein said struts are mounted off-center with respect to said pontoon. 20. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein said struts are vertical. 21. The strut according to claim 1, wherein said strut is inclined.
The catamaran described. 22. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein said upper structure has at least one V-shaped structure extending along a lower surface thereof, and has a point near the bow of said upper structure. 23. A catamaran according to claim 22, wherein a rear end of said V-shaped structure terminates near a stern of said upper structure. 24. A catamaran according to claim 22, wherein said V-shaped structure is located near the center of gravity of the cross section. 25. A pair of V-shaped structures each extending at both ends of the upper structure along a lower surface of the upper structure, and wherein the struts are formed of the V-shaped structure. 23. The catamaran according to claim 22, mounted on a lower surface. 26. A catamaran according to claim 25, wherein one inboard engine is located in each of said V-shaped structures. 27. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein at least one cantilever hydrofoil is attached to each of said pontoons. 28. A wing-spread position in which the wings are expanded in a direction between the two pontoons toward and away from the pontoon, and wherein the wings are one of the pontoons.
28. The catamaran according to claim 27, further comprising storage means for moving each hydrofoil between the two surfaces and a storage position that fits on the same plane. 29. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein an inwardly facing balancing wheel is attached to the rear end of each of said pontoons, said balancing wheels extending inward and away from the axis of said pontoon. 30. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein a rearwardly projecting balance plate is attached to a rear end of the water slide surface of each of the pontoons. 31. The lower surface of the pontoon is V-shaped and has two flat running surfaces, and a rearwardly projecting balancing plate is provided after each flat running surface of the pontoon. 31. The catamaran according to claim 30, attached to an end. 32. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein the water level of each of the pontoons has a plurality of steps spaced apart in its longitudinal direction. 33. A catamaran according to claim 32, including supply means for supplying gas to the area behind each of said stages. 34. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of each pontoon is at least twice that of the attached struts. 35. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein two struts extend upward from each of said pontoons, and upper ends thereof are attached to said superstructure. 36. The catamaran according to claim 1, wherein the area where the strut connects to the pontoon is enlarged, and the onboard engine is located in each of the enlarged areas. .