JP2796237B2 - Power generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power converter using an electromagnet that generates a rotating magnetic field by an alternating current as a stator and using a permanent magnet and a magnetic material such as mild steel as a rotor. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A synchronous motor using an electromagnet that generates a rotating magnetic field by an alternating current as a stator and using a permanent magnet as a rotor has been known. In this synchronous motor, an alternating current is applied to the electromagnet of the stator to generate a rotating magnetic field, and the rotating magnetic field pulls the rotor to rotate.

[0003]

However, in this synchronous motor, the energy of the permanent magnet is not used as input energy like electric energy. Further, in this synchronous motor, self-starting is difficult. For this reason, the cage type rotor is juxtaposed and accelerated by the principle of an induction motor, but there is a problem that the size becomes large.

Therefore, in order to easily obtain a synchronous state, the synchronous speed is reduced by providing a large number of teeth on the iron core of the synchronous motor to increase the apparent number of poles, without using a cage type rotor. There has been proposed a synchronous motor (inductor-type synchronous motor) that can be directly pulled from a stop state to a synchronous state. This synchronous motor is similar to a stepper motor, but, like a stepper motor, can contribute only half of the magnetic poles to the torque, and in terms of the current energy applied to the electromagnet, it also In view of the fact that magnetic energy is not added as input energy, there is a problem of low energy efficiency.

Therefore, the present invention converts a magnetic energy of a permanent magnet into an input energy and utilizes the added energy as an electric energy, so that the power generating apparatus can be improved in energy efficiency and high in torque without increasing in size. The purpose is to provide.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The gist of the present invention is that a plurality of electromagnets arranged annularly and a rotatably supported substantially center of the electromagnets arranged annularly. Rotating output shaft, and at least one set of permanent magnets having different polarities fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating output shaft,
Extends radially outward on the outer peripheral surface of each of those permanent magnets
The magnetic material is fixed and
The bodies are separated from each other through a gap, and a rotating magnetic field is generated by applying an alternating current having a phase difference to the plurality of electromagnets, whereby the permanent magnets have different polarities of the rotating magnetic field, respectively. When facing the magnetic pole, the magnetic flux passing from the permanent magnet through the magnetic body fixed outward is converged within a range that connects the magnetic pole of the rotating magnetic field and the permanent magnet substantially linearly, Another part of the magnetic body is a magnetic flux blank area, and the converged magnetic flux applies a rotational torque to the rotary output shaft. Preferably, an end of the magnetic tooth portion provided on the magnetic body on the rotation direction side is formed at an acute angle.

[0007]

According to the above invention, when no alternating current is applied to the electromagnet, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet passing through the magnetic body is spread over the entire magnetic body, while the alternating current is applied to the electromagnet to generate a rotating magnetic field. When the magnetic flux is converged on the rotating magnetic field side, an initial rotational torque is generated. At this time
Since magnetic materials are separated from each other via a gap,
Magnetic flux from permanent magnets is trapped in magnetic material
Almost straight line between the magnetic pole of the rotating magnetic field and the permanent magnet
Are converged within a range where the two are connected to each other to generate a rotational torque. At the same time, at the end opposite to the rotating magnetic field in the magnetic body magnetic tooth portion, a phenomenon occurs in which the magnetic flux by the permanent magnet is extremely weakened or almost eliminated, and therefore, in the relationship between this portion and the stator side iron core. The force opposing the direction of rotation is greatly reduced. Accordingly, only the force that is added to the rotational force is unilaterally provided from the permanent magnet by the rotating magnetic field that is sequentially excited. In addition, the rotor (the magnetic body and the permanent magnet) is instantaneously brought into a synchronized state, and the operation shifts to a synchronous operation, that is, an operation using a rotating torque generated by a load angle θ between the rotating magnetic field and the magnetic axis of the rotor.

[0008]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

According to this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an electromagnet 11 serving as a stator is provided between the front and rear side plates 10a of the support member 10. This electromagnet 11
For example, a cylindrical iron core 11a provided with 24 slots
Are wound with 12 coils 11b, and generate a rotating magnetic field when a three-phase alternating current is applied. This rotating magnetic field is, as shown in FIG.
2, and rotate, for example, clockwise in FIG.

Between the front and rear side plates 10a of the support member 10 and in the rotating magnetic field of the electromagnet 11, the rotating output shaft 12
It is rotatably equipped via 3. Semi-cylindrical permanent magnets 14a and 14b are arranged on the outer periphery of the rotary output shaft 12 so as to surround the outer periphery. 1 and 3, one permanent magnet 14a is connected to one magnetic pole (S
), And the other permanent magnet 14b is magnetized to be an S pole opposite to the other magnetic pole (N pole) of the rotating magnetic field. The magnetic field created when these permanent magnets 14a and 14b are combined into a cylindrical shape is the electromagnet 1
Like the one rotating magnetic field, it is distributed in a plane perpendicular to the rotating output shaft 11. Further, the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 14a and 14b can be set without depending on the magnetic force of the rotating magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 11.

One magnetic body 6a is arranged outside the permanent magnet 5a so as to surround it, and the other magnetic body 6b is arranged outside the permanent magnet 5b so as to surround it. The magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnets 5a and 5b pass through these magnetic bodies 6a and 6b. The magnetic material 6
a, 6b, magnetic teeth 6 projecting in the radial direction
a ′ and 6b ′ are provided integrally with each other. Also,
Here, the magnetic body 6a and the magnetic body 6b are not joined to each other,
The therebetween as shown in FIG. 1 is separated through a clearance (air gap)
The reason is that if both were joined, the permanent magnets 5a, 5a
Most of the magnetic flux b does not go out of the magnetic bodies 6a and 6b and is confined in the magnetic bodies 6a and 6b, so that it is difficult to generate a rotating torque by being pulled by the rotating magnetic field.

The permanent magnets 14a, 14b and the magnetic body 15a,
Reference numeral 15b is attached to the outside of the rotary output shaft 12 in a coaxial state, and forms a rotor which is pulled by the rotary magnetic field in the rotary magnetic field of the electromagnet 11 and rotates together with the rotary output shaft 12.

In this embodiment, the electromagnet 11 generates a single rotating magnetic field and operates with two poles. Further, one end of the magnetic tooth portions 150a, 150b, that is, the ends 151a, 151b on the rotation direction side of the rotor are set at an acute angle, and the permanent magnets 14a, 14b passing through the magnetic bodies 15a, 15b are set.
When the magnetic flux b is converged on the rotating magnetic field side, a large rotating torque is generated (so that the inclination of the magnetic force lines is increased in the gap between the magnetic teeth 150a, 150b and the iron core 11a of the electromagnet 11). is there. In other words, the rotational torque is efficiently obtained at the time of starting. The magnetic members 15a and 15b can be formed of a magnetic material having high magnetic permeability such as various iron materials, silicon steel plates, and permalloy. In this embodiment, the magnetic members are formed of a soft magnetic material.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

When no three-phase AC current is applied to the electromagnet 11, the permanent magnets 14a, 14b passing through the magnetic bodies 15a, 15b
The magnetic flux b spreads throughout the magnetic bodies 15a and 15b. However, when a three-phase alternating current is applied to the electromagnet 11 to generate a rotating magnetic field, the magnetic flux is converged on the rotating magnetic field side and the magnetic teeth 15
By concentrating on the end portions 151a and 151b of the magnetic tooth portions 150a and 150b (see the dark portions in FIG. 5).
The line of magnetic force is greatly inclined in the gap between the core 50a and the core 11a of the electromagnet 11, and a clockwise initial rotational torque is generated. As a result, the rotor instantaneously enters a synchronous state, and shifts to a synchronous operation, that is, an operation state based on a rotational torque generated by a load angle θ between the magnetic axis of the rotating magnetic field and the magnetic axis of the rotor.

In other words, the rotating magnetic field and the magnetic teeth 150a,
When rotating torque is generated by inquiring with 150b, the synchronous operation is instantaneously started because the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 14a and 14b inside the rotor is converged in the process of passing through the magnetic bodies 15a and 15b by the rotating magnetic field. Can be.

Here, a description will be given of test results at the initial stage of the operation of the motor of this embodiment.

Soft iron was used as the magnetic material. The shape of the magnetic body is as shown in FIG. Samarium for permanent magnet
Cobalt (SmCo) was used. Its magnetic force is 12,0
00 Gauss. The electromagnet is a commercially available induction motor (3-phase Hitachi induction motor TFO-OK, maximum output 31
0W). For measuring the motor speed, a digital tachometer HT-410 manufactured by Ono Sokki Co., Ltd.
0 was used.

The operation was carried out under the above conditions, and the time required to reach a predetermined rotation speed was measured.
0 rpm was reached. The test results were the same as for the commercially available induction motor described above. From this test, it was confirmed that the motor according to the present embodiment can be self-started without being provided with the cage rotor while being a synchronous motor.

In this embodiment, no cage rotor is used,
The use of a magnetic material allows a significant reduction in size. In addition, since a structure similar to that of a stepping motor is not used to solve the problem of self-starting, energy efficiency is good. Further, unlike the permanent magnet type synchronous motor, the ratio of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet to the magnetic force of the rotating magnetic field is not limited to 1: 1. It is also possible to increase the torque by setting the magnetic force of the permanent magnet to be larger than that of the rotating magnetic field. It is possible. That is, a higher torque can be obtained as the permanent magnet having a higher magnetic force is used.

It should be noted that the magnetic material may be mounted eccentrically with respect to the rotary output shaft 12 so that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is converged without providing a magnetic tooth portion so that a rotational torque can be obtained at the start of rotation. It is possible.

[0022]

As described above, according to the present invention, a magnetic body through which the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet passes is disposed outside the permanent magnet in the rotating magnetic field, and when the electromagnet is excited, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is reduced. Since it is converged on the rotating magnetic field side and rotates with the rotating magnetic field, the end opposite to the rotating magnetic field of the magnetic magnetic tooth portion is normally rotated in the direction of rotation that occurs between the iron core of the stator side electromagnet. The reverse force is almost powerless, and only the force acting in the rotational direction from the permanent magnet can be used. That is, it is possible to convert the magnetic energy of the permanent magnet as the input-side working energy and to generate an output in combination with the electric energy. In addition, self-starting is possible without using a cage rotor, miniaturization can be achieved, and since a structure similar to a stepping motor is not taken to solve the problem of self-starting,
High torque is obtained by using a permanent magnet having good energy efficiency and high magnetic force.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an embodiment of a motor according to the present invention, partially cut away and omitted.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the motor shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an end view of a permanent magnet.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a rotating magnetic field generated by an electromagnet of the motor of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a convergence state of magnetic flux of a permanent magnet when an electromagnet of the motor of FIG. 1 is excited.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Support member 11 Electromagnet 11a Iron core 11b Coil 14a, 14b Permanent magnet 15a, 15b Magnetic body 150a, 150b Magnetic tooth part

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) H02K 21/14 H02K 1/27 501

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of electromagnets arranged in a ring, a rotary output shaft rotatably supported substantially at the center of the electromagnets arranged in a ring, and fixed to the outer periphery of the rotary output shaft. At least one pair of permanent magnets having different polarities from each other,
Extends radially outward on the outer peripheral surface of each of those permanent magnets
The magnetic material is fixed and
The bodies are separated from each other through a gap, and a rotating magnetic field is generated by applying an alternating current having a phase difference to the plurality of electromagnets, whereby the permanent magnets have different polarities of the rotating magnetic field, respectively. When facing the magnetic pole, the magnetic flux passing from the permanent magnet through the magnetic body fixed outwardly converges within a range that connects the magnetic pole of the rotating magnetic field and the permanent magnet almost linearly. The power generating device is characterized in that the other portion of the magnetic material serves as a blank region of magnetic flux, and a rotational torque is applied to the rotary output shaft by the converged magnetic flux. 2. The power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an end of the magnetic tooth portion provided on the magnetic body on the rotation direction side is formed at an acute angle.