JP2792049B2 - Medical heat exchanger - Google Patents
Medical heat exchangerInfo
- Publication number
- JP2792049B2 JP2792049B2 JP63254653A JP25465388A JP2792049B2 JP 2792049 B2 JP2792049 B2 JP 2792049B2 JP 63254653 A JP63254653 A JP 63254653A JP 25465388 A JP25465388 A JP 25465388A JP 2792049 B2 JP2792049 B2 JP 2792049B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- heat
- housing
- hollow core
- heat transfer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、人工肺、全身温療法等において、血液の熱
交換に用いられる熱交換器、特に伝熱管の外部に血液を
流す外部潅流型の熱交換器に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a heat exchanger used for heat exchange of blood in an artificial lung, whole body hyperthermia, and the like, particularly an external perfusion type in which blood flows outside a heat transfer tube. Related to a heat exchanger.
（従来の技術） 従来より人工肺、全身温療法等において体外循環血液
回路に血液の加温、冷却のため種々の形式の熱交換器が
広く用いられている。例えば、ステンレスパイプからな
る多数の伝熱管を円筒状ハウジング内に収容し、その両
端部が開口するようにハウジングの両端を閉塞するプラ
スチツク製の隔壁で支持し、伝熱管の内部に血液を流
し、伝熱管の外部に伝熱媒体を流す内部潅流型の多管式
熱交換器が臨床的に広く用いられている。(Prior Art) Conventionally, various types of heat exchangers have been widely used for heating and cooling blood in an extracorporeal blood circuit in artificial lungs, whole body hyperthermia, and the like. For example, a large number of heat transfer tubes made of stainless steel pipes are housed in a cylindrical housing, supported by plastic partition walls closing both ends of the housing so that both ends are open, and blood is allowed to flow inside the heat transfer tubes. An internal perfusion type multitubular heat exchanger for flowing a heat transfer medium outside a heat transfer tube is widely used clinically.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） かかる内部潅流型の熱交換器では血液を多数の伝熱管
に均等に分配供給すれば血液のチヤンネリング（偏流）
はないものの、伝熱管の内部を流れる血液は完全な層流
であり、熱交換能（単位伝熱面積当りの熱移動速度）を
上げるためには伝熱管の内径を小さくすることが必要で
ある。しかしながら、ステンレス管の内径を小さくして
も血液が層流状態で流動する限りは熱交換能が飛躍的に
向上するものではない。またこの型の熱交換器はステン
レス管を精度高く所定の長さに切断することが困難で、
切断加工表面は粗面化されており、血液損傷を招く結果
となつている。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In such an internal perfusion type heat exchanger, if blood is evenly distributed and supplied to a large number of heat transfer tubes, blood channeling (deviation).
Although there is no blood, the blood flowing inside the heat transfer tube is a completely laminar flow, and it is necessary to reduce the inner diameter of the heat transfer tube in order to increase the heat exchange capacity (heat transfer speed per unit heat transfer area) . However, even if the inside diameter of the stainless steel tube is reduced, the heat exchange ability is not significantly improved as long as blood flows in a laminar flow state. In addition, this type of heat exchanger is difficult to cut stainless steel tubes to a predetermined length with high accuracy,
The cut surface is roughened, resulting in blood damage.
これに対して、伝熱管の外部に血液を流す外部潅流方
式は血液を損傷する恐れが極めて少なく、かつ熱媒体の
分配は良好であり、しかも血液の流れに乱れが発生する
ことが期待されるものの、血液のチヤンエリングによる
熱交換能の低下、あるいは血液の滞留部において凝固が
生じ易いという問題がある。したがつて本発明の目的は
優れた熱交換能を有し、かつ血液の滞留やチヤンネリン
グがなく、しかも圧力損失が少なくて血液充填量の少な
いコンパクトな熱交換器を提供することである。On the other hand, the external perfusion method in which blood flows outside the heat transfer tube has a very low risk of damaging the blood, the distribution of the heat medium is good, and the blood flow is expected to be disturbed. However, there is a problem that the heat exchange ability is reduced due to the chan- ling of blood, or coagulation easily occurs in the blood retaining portion. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a compact heat exchanger which has excellent heat exchange capacity, has no stagnation or channeling of blood, and has a small pressure loss and a small amount of blood filling.
（課題を解決するための手段） 本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するため、血液損傷が
なく、かつ圧力損失が小さく、しかも単位面積当たりの
熱交換能の向上が期待される外部潅流型の熱交換器に着
目し、外部潅流型の熱交換器の欠点である血液のチヤン
ネリングと血液の滞留を防止するため鋭意検討した結果
本発明に到達したものである。すなわち本発明は上部側
壁に血液出口を有する円筒状のハウジングの中心に中空
芯管を立設し、該ハウジングと中空芯管で形成される熱
交換室に、多数の伝熱管を収容して、その両端部が開口
するように、ハウジングの両端を閉塞する隔壁で支持
し、かつ該中空芯管の下部に熱交換室と連通する開口を
穿設するとともに、該ハウジングの上端に伝熱管の内部
空間と連通する熱媒体入口と、該中空芯管の内部と連通
する血液入口を有する上部ヘツドカバーを設け、該ハウ
ジングの下端に伝熱管の内部空間と連通する熱媒体出口
を有する下部ヘツドカバーを設けたことを特徴とする医
療用の熱交換器である。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have proposed an external perfusion type in which there is no blood damage, a small pressure loss, and an improvement in heat exchange capacity per unit area is expected. The present inventors arrived at the present invention as a result of an intensive study to prevent blood channeling and blood stagnation, which are the drawbacks of the external perfusion type heat exchanger, by focusing on the heat exchanger of (1). That is, in the present invention, a hollow core tube is erected at the center of a cylindrical housing having a blood outlet on the upper side wall, and a large number of heat transfer tubes are accommodated in a heat exchange chamber formed by the housing and the hollow core tube. Both ends of the housing are supported by partition walls for closing both ends so that both ends are opened, and an opening communicating with the heat exchange chamber is formed in a lower portion of the hollow core tube, and an inside of the heat transfer tube is formed at an upper end of the housing. An upper head cover having a heat medium inlet communicating with the space and a blood inlet communicating with the inside of the hollow core tube was provided, and a lower head cover having a heat medium outlet communicating with the inner space of the heat transfer tube was provided at the lower end of the housing. It is a medical heat exchanger characterized by the above-mentioned.
（作用） 本発明の熱交換器は、中空芯管とハウジングで形成さ
れる熱交換室に多数の伝熱管を収納し、血液を中空芯管
の下部に穿設された開口から上部に向かつて流すように
している。そのため伝熱管の上部から下部に向かつて流
れる熱媒体と向流に近い状態で接触して、熱交換能が向
上する。(Operation) In the heat exchanger of the present invention, a large number of heat transfer tubes are housed in a heat exchange chamber formed by a hollow core tube and a housing, and blood flows upward from an opening formed in a lower portion of the hollow core tube. I'm flowing. Therefore, the heat transfer tube comes into contact with the heat medium flowing from the upper portion to the lower portion in a state close to the counter current, and the heat exchange ability is improved.
（実施例） 次に本発明の熱交換器の一実施例を図面にて説明す
る。第１図は熱交換器の断面図であり、円筒状のハウジ
ング１と該ハウジングの中心に立設された中空芯管２と
の間に熱交換室が形成されている。そして該熱交換室に
多数のステンレスパイプ等からなる伝熱管３が中空芯管
と平行に収容されている。上記伝熱管３は、その両端が
開口するようにハウジングの両端を閉塞するポリウレタ
ン、シリコーン、エポキシ樹脂等の高分子ポツテイング
剤の隔壁6,6′で支持されている。ハウジングの上端は
伝熱管３の内部空間と連通する熱媒体入口10と、中空芯
管２の内部と連通する血液入口11を有する上部ヘツドカ
バー７で覆われている。またハウジング１の下端は伝熱
管３の内部空間と連通する熱媒体出口13を有する下部ヘ
ツドカバー８で覆われている。(Example) Next, one Example of the heat exchanger of this invention is described with reference to drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger, in which a heat exchange chamber is formed between a cylindrical housing 1 and a hollow core tube 2 erected at the center of the housing. A heat transfer tube 3 made of a number of stainless steel pipes or the like is accommodated in the heat exchange chamber in parallel with the hollow core tube. The heat transfer tube 3 is supported by partitions 6, 6 'made of a polymer potting agent such as polyurethane, silicone, or epoxy resin which closes both ends of the housing so that both ends are open. The upper end of the housing is covered with an upper head cover 7 having a heat medium inlet 10 communicating with the internal space of the heat transfer tube 3 and a blood inlet 11 communicating with the inside of the hollow core tube 2. The lower end of the housing 1 is covered with a lower head cover 8 having a heat medium outlet 13 communicating with the internal space of the heat transfer tube 3.
中空芯管２の下部には中空芯管２の内部と熱交換室と
を連通する開口９が穿設されている。また円筒状ハウジ
ング１の上部側壁には熱交換室と連通する血液出口19が
設けられている。ハウジング１の血液出口部に隔壁14を
設け、該隔壁14の上部に血液出口19と熱交換室とを連通
する開口を穿設してもよい。An opening 9 communicating the inside of the hollow core tube 2 and the heat exchange chamber is formed in a lower portion of the hollow core tube 2. The upper side wall of the cylindrical housing 1 is provided with a blood outlet 19 communicating with the heat exchange chamber. A partition 14 may be provided at the blood outlet of the housing 1, and an opening communicating the blood outlet 19 and the heat exchange chamber may be formed in the upper part of the partition 14.
血液入口11は第２図に示すように、上部ヘツドカバー
７の内部を円周状の分割片14で２分割し、該分割された
ヘツドカバーの内側空間に血液入口11を開口させ、しか
も中空芯管２の上部を閉塞する隔壁６にヘツドカバーの
内側空間と中空芯管２の内部とを連通する開口15を設け
てもよい。さらに第３図に示すように中空芯管２の下端
を閉塞する隔壁６′から血液案内具16を中空芯管の内部
に液密に挿入固定してもよい。上記血液と接触する円筒
状ハウジング１の内壁、中空芯管２の内外壁及び伝熱管
３の外壁の表面はできるだけ平滑に仕上げておくことが
好ましい。金属表面はバフ仕上げ等の機械的な表面処理
より平滑に仕上げることができる。また機械的な表面仕
上げの代わり、または表面仕上げを行つた後表面にシリ
コーン等の高分子被膜を形成してもよい。その場合被膜
はその成分が血液に溶出したり、剥離したりするもので
あつてはならず、しかも丈夫なものでなければならな
い。As shown in FIG. 2, the blood inlet 11 divides the inside of the upper head cover 7 into two by a circumferential dividing piece 14, and opens the blood inlet 11 into the inner space of the divided head cover. An opening 15 may be provided in the partition wall 6 closing the upper portion of the hollow core 2 to allow communication between the inner space of the head cover and the inside of the hollow core tube 2. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the blood guide 16 may be inserted and fixed liquid-tightly into the hollow core tube from the partition wall 6 'closing the lower end of the hollow core tube 2. It is preferable that the surfaces of the inner wall of the cylindrical housing 1, the inner and outer walls of the hollow core tube 2, and the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 3 that come into contact with the blood be finished as smooth as possible. The metal surface can be finished more smoothly than a mechanical surface treatment such as buffing. Instead of mechanical surface finishing, or after surface finishing, a polymer film such as silicone may be formed on the surface. In that case, the coating must not be such that its components elute into the blood or peel off, and must be strong.
次に本発明者らは、本発明の熱交換器の効果を確認す
るために、以下の実験を行つた。Next, the present inventors performed the following experiment in order to confirm the effect of the heat exchanger of the present invention.
実験例 外径9cm、厚さ2.5cmのポリプロピレン製のハウジング
内に外径1cm、厚さ2.5cmのポリプロピレン製の中空芯管
を立設し、該ハウジングと中空芯管で形成される熱交換
室に内径4.0cm、厚さ0.25mm、有効長70mmのステンレス
管を160本収容して、ハウジングの両端を閉塞するポリ
ウレタン樹脂よりなる隔壁に支持させて、第１図に示す
ような構造の伝熱面積0.14m2の熱交換器を製作した。一
方中空芯管を設けない熱交換器を別に製作した。Experimental Example A polypropylene hollow core tube having an outer diameter of 1 cm and a thickness of 2.5 cm is erected in a polypropylene housing having an outer diameter of 9 cm and a thickness of 2.5 cm, and a heat exchange chamber formed by the housing and the hollow core tube. A stainless steel tube having an inner diameter of 4.0 cm, a thickness of 0.25 mm, and an effective length of 70 mm is accommodated in 160 tubes and supported on a partition wall made of polyurethane resin which closes both ends of the housing. A heat exchanger having an area of 0.14 m 2 was manufactured. On the other hand, a heat exchanger without a hollow core tube was separately manufactured.
上記２種類の熱交換器を37℃に加温された牛血液を用
いて熱交換器性能評価基準（人工肺性能評価基準案中
日本人工臓器協会）に従つて試験した結果を表−１に示
した。実験では血液を３/minで伝熱管外部に供給し、
温水を15/minで伝熱管内部に供給した。Heat exchanger performance evaluation criteria using bovine blood heated to 37 ° C for the above two types of heat exchangers.
Table 1 shows the results of the test according to the Japan Artificial Organs Association). In the experiment, blood was supplied to the outside of the heat transfer tube at 3 / min,
Hot water was supplied into the heat transfer tube at 15 / min.
（発明の効果） 以上のように本発明の熱交換器は血液を伝熱管の外部
に流し、しかも血液を中空芯管の下部に穿設された開口
から伝熱管の外部を上部に向つて流すようにしたため、
伝熱管内部を下部に向つて流れる熱媒体と向流に近い状
態で接触させることができて、実験例に示すような高い
熱交換能を得ることができる。また本発明の熱交換器は
血液との全ての接触面を平滑にすることができるため血
液損傷のない、極めて安全性の高い熱交換器である。 (Effect of the Invention) As described above, the heat exchanger of the present invention allows blood to flow to the outside of the heat transfer tube, and also allows blood to flow from the opening formed in the lower portion of the hollow core tube to the outside of the heat transfer tube toward the upper portion. So that
The inside of the heat transfer tube can be brought into contact with the heat medium flowing toward the lower portion in a state close to the countercurrent, and a high heat exchange capacity as shown in the experimental example can be obtained. In addition, the heat exchanger of the present invention is a very safe heat exchanger which can smoothen all contact surfaces with blood and does not cause blood damage.
第１図〜第３図は本発明の医療用の熱交換器の断面図で
ある。 １……ハウジング ２……中空芯管 ３……伝熱管 ６、６′……隔壁 ７……上部ヘツドカバー ８……下部ヘツドカバー ９……開口 10……熱媒体入口 11……血液入口 13……熱媒体出口 19……血液出口1 to 3 are sectional views of the medical heat exchanger of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Housing 2 ... Hollow core tube 3 ... Heat transfer tube 6, 6 '... Partition wall 7 ... Upper head cover 8 ... Lower head cover 9 ... Opening 10 ... Heat medium inlet 11 ... Blood inlet 13 ... Heat medium outlet 19: Blood outlet
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭61−285396（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特公 昭39−28921（ＪＰ，Ｂ１) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) A61M 1/36 510 A61M 1/36 515──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-61-285396 (JP, A) JP-B-39-28921 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) A61M 1/36 510 A61M 1/36 515
Claims (1)
ジングの中心に中空芯管を立設し、該ハウジングと中空
芯管で形成される熱交換室に、多数の伝熱管を収容し
て、その両端部が開口するように、ハウジングの両端を
閉塞する隔壁で支持し、かつ該中空芯管の下部に熱交換
室と連通する開口を穿設するとともに、該ハウジングの
上端に伝熱管の内部空間と連通する熱媒体入口と、該中
空芯管の内部と連通する血液入口を有する上部ヘツドカ
バーを設け、該ハウジングの下端に伝熱管の内部空間と
連通する熱媒体出口を有する下部ヘツドカバーを設けた
ことを特徴とする医療用の熱交換器。A hollow core tube is erected at the center of a cylindrical housing having a blood outlet on an upper side wall, and a large number of heat transfer tubes are accommodated in a heat exchange chamber formed by the housing and the hollow core tube. The two ends of the housing are supported by partition walls for closing both ends so that both ends are open, and an opening communicating with the heat exchange chamber is formed below the hollow core tube, and a heat transfer tube is provided at the upper end of the housing. An upper head cover having a heat medium inlet communicating with the internal space and a blood inlet communicating with the inside of the hollow core tube is provided, and a lower head cover having a heat medium outlet communicating with the internal space of the heat transfer tube is provided at a lower end of the housing. A heat exchanger for medical use.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63254653A JP2792049B2 (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Medical heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63254653A JP2792049B2 (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Medical heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02102661A JPH02102661A (en) | 1990-04-16 |
| JP2792049B2 true JP2792049B2 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
Family
ID=17268001
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63254653A Expired - Lifetime JP2792049B2 (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Medical heat exchanger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2792049B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3387724B2 (en) | 1995-03-17 | 2003-03-17 | キヤノン株式会社 | Electrode for secondary battery, method of manufacturing the same, and secondary battery having the electrode |
| JP5060461B2 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2012-10-31 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | humidifier |
| CZ303190B6 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2012-05-16 | Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Lékarská fakulta v Plzni | Heat exchanger with laminarizer |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61285396A (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-16 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Manufacture of multi-tube type heat exchanger |
-
1988
- 1988-10-07 JP JP63254653A patent/JP2792049B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02102661A (en) | 1990-04-16 |
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